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Methane Mining
Justin Anderson
ChE 562
November 3, 2004
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Overview
Background
Why Coal Bed Methane
Extraction
Output
Design Considerations
Summary
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Methane
Main constituent of natural gas
Colorless
Odorless
Less dense than air
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Coal Bed Methane
Found in coal seamsAbsorbed on internal surface of coal
6 to 7% more than in natural gas reservoirs
Produced as coal releases hydrogen
Contained by surrounding water
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Why Coal Bed Methane
High demand for natural gas Must be ventilated Ease of recovery
Relatively close to surface Locations are known
Massive quantity 141 trillion ft3 recoverable in 1999 >700 trillion ft3 with advances in technology
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Extraction
Pilot Wells Determination of:
Coal thickness Methane content Coal permeability
Planning Maximization of:
Production Field life Profitability
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Output
Dependent on: Thickness Lateral continuity Permeability
Fracturing Cleats
Depth of burial Barriers
Impermeable layers Faults Folds
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Generalized map of potential and current methane coal bed mines. Wasatch Plateau and San Juan Basin are 2 areas of current study.
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http://energy.cr.usgs.gov/oilgas/cbmethane/index.htm
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Typical CMM Degasification Systems
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http://www.epa.gov/coalbed/overview.html
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Specific Degasification Systems
Vertical Well
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http://www.cmpdi.co.in/cbm/CBM%20papers/ Methane%20Reduction%20Options/red001.pdf
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Specific Degasification Systems
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Gob Well
http://www.cmpdi.co.in/cbm/CBM%20papers/ Methane%20Reduction%20Options/red001.pdf
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Specific Degasification Systems
Horizontal Borehole
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http://www.cmpdi.co.in/cbm/CBM%20papers/ Methane%20Reduction%20Options/red001.pdf
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Coal Bed Drainage Costs
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Coal Bed Drainage Costs
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Implementation Model
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Implementation Model
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Alternative Uses
Co-firing in boilers District heating Coal drying Vehicle fuel Carbon black feedstock Methanol production Dimethyl ether production
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Concerns
EnvironmentalDisposal of barrier water
High TDS/L Pump back in Evaporation ponds Freezing
ExplosivenessRemoval beneficial to coal miners
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Summary of Benefits
Reduced ventilationWorker safetyEmissions
Local utilizationHeating and drying
Increased profitsHigh quality methane
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References
http://www.epa.gov
http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/a/n/ans151/coalbed.html
http://energy.cr.usgs.gov
http://www.gswindell.com
http://www.cmpdi.co.in/cbm/CBM%20papers/ Methane%20Reduction%20Options/red001.pdf