27th Session Joint FAO/UNECE Working Party on Forest Economics and Statistics, Geneva, 22-24 March 2005
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METSÄNTUTKIMUSLAITOSSKOGSFORSKNINGSINSTITUTETFINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTEwww.metla.fi
Ján Ilavský
Finnish Forest Research Institute, Joensuu Research Centre
Yliopistokatu 6, 80101 Joensuu, FinlandTel.: +358 10 211 3296, e-mail: [email protected]
Energy Wood Potential of Forests
in the European Union
27th Session Joint FAO/UNECE Working Party on Forest Economics and Statistics, Geneva, 22-24 March 2005
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METSÄNTUTKIMUSLAITOSSKOGSFORSKNINGSINSTITUTETFINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTEwww.metla.fi
Aim:estimation of energy wood potential in EU25, based on available statistics and reports reflecting the situation in late 1990’s - early 2000
Contract from VTT Processes:results utilised in BioFuture project: Impact of increased use of bioenergy in Europe on forest and energy industries
27th Session Joint FAO/UNECE Working Party on Forest Economics and Statistics, Geneva, 22-24 March 2005
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METSÄNTUTKIMUSLAITOSSKOGSFORSKNINGSINSTITUTETFINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTEwww.metla.fi
Gross Inland Consumption
Country group Country All fuels Renewables Biomass % of
renewables Finland 33.2 7.6 84 Sweden 51.6 15.0 54 Nordics
Total 84.8 22.6 Estonia 5.0 0.5 100 Latvia 4.3 1.5 84 Lithuania 8.2 0.7 96
Baltics
Total 17.5 2.7 Austria 30.3 6.7 45 Czech Republic 41.0 0.7 74 Hungary 25.1 0.4 95 Poland 90.2 4.1 95 Slovakia 18.5 0.7 41
C-E Europe
Total 205.1 12.6 France 262.3 18.6 65 Germany 348.8 9.9 72 Luxembourg 3.8 0.1
C-W Europe
Total 614.9 28.6 Belgium 55.6 0.8 88 Denmark 19.9 2.2 82 Ireland 14.4 0.3 67 The Netherlands 77.6 1.6 94 United Kingdom 232.5 2.7 85
N-W Europe
Total 400.0 7.6 Portugal 24.2 3.4 62 Spain 126.3 8.3 50 Iberia
Total 150.5 11.7 Cyprus 2.4 0.04 3 Greece 28.9 1.3 77 Italy 176.6 13.5 46 Malta 0.9 - Slovenia 6.6 0.7 55
S & S-E Europe
Total 215.4 15.5 Grand total 1688.2 101.3
EU15•6% renewables•biomass 62% of the renewables
new member countries• 4.6% renewables•biomass 84% of the renewables
most of the biomass used for energy is wood
27th Session Joint FAO/UNECE Working Party on Forest Economics and Statistics, Geneva, 22-24 March 2005
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METSÄNTUTKIMUSLAITOSSKOGSFORSKNINGSINSTITUTETFINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTEwww.metla.fi
Three parts of analysis:
3) Estimation of felling residues from forests available for wood supply
1) Estimation of roundwood balance on forest available for wood supply, i.e. estimation of unutilised roundwood potential that could be used for energy purposes, but also for manufacturing conventional products in the forest based industries or not harvested
• Roundwood balance calculated as a difference between net annual increment and fellings
2) Roundwood and conventional fuelwood production
27th Session Joint FAO/UNECE Working Party on Forest Economics and Statistics, Geneva, 22-24 March 2005
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METSÄNTUTKIMUSLAITOSSKOGSFORSKNINGSINSTITUTETFINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTEwww.metla.fi
Methods• background data
– data for net annual increment (NAI), fellings, and balance between NAI and fellings from the UN-ECE/FAO Forest Resources Assessment 2000 report (national data adjusted to fit internationally agreed terms and definitions)
– data for Cyprus from 1980’s – early 1990’s, for the other countries from mid 1990’s
– Estimation of roundwood and fuelwood production based on the data from the Finnish Statistical Yearbooks 1999-2001 (FAOSTAT Forestry Data)
27th Session Joint FAO/UNECE Working Party on Forest Economics and Statistics, Geneva, 22-24 March 2005
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METSÄNTUTKIMUSLAITOSSKOGSFORSKNINGSINSTITUTETFINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTEwww.metla.fi
NAI Fellings Roundwood balance
Coniferous species dominated forests 384.9 277.1 107.8
Broadleaved species dominated forests 190.7 112.2 78.5
Total 575.6 389.3 186.3
Results on roundwood balance
• fellings 68% of the NAI– 72% in conif.– 59% in broadl.
• roundwood balance 186 million m3/yr, i.e. unutilised increment 32% of the NAI
• more than 16% of the fellings used for energy production (industrial residues and recovered products)
•use of rounwood for energy purposes would depend on the prices of roundwood, wood-based products, energy
27th Session Joint FAO/UNECE Working Party on Forest Economics and Statistics, Geneva, 22-24 March 2005
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METSÄNTUTKIMUSLAITOSSKOGSFORSKNINGSINSTITUTETFINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTEwww.metla.fi
• In relative terms, RB smallest in the Baltics (15%), largest in South & South-Eastern Europe (48%).
• Althogether 39% of the roundwood balance is in two countries, in Germany and France (72.5 mill. m3)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Nordics Baltics C-E-Europe
C-WEurope
N-WEurope
Iberia S & S-EEurope
Mill
ion
m3/
yr o
.b.
NAI
Fellings
Roundwood balance
27th Session Joint FAO/UNECE Working Party on Forest Economics and Statistics, Geneva, 22-24 March 2005
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METSÄNTUTKIMUSLAITOSSKOGSFORSKNINGSINSTITUTETFINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTEwww.metla.fi
Roundwood production (RP)
• wood over bark harvested from forests and used for commercial wood processing and fuelwood purposes during a year
• 368 million m3 per year in late 1990s (15% higher in 2000 than in 1997)– Approximately 69% softwood– Relative proportion of softwood logs 63% and hardwood logs
52%– 62% in Sweden, Finland, Germany and France
• Conventional fuelwood production – 48,4 million m3 per year or – 13% of RP
27th Session Joint FAO/UNECE Working Party on Forest Economics and Statistics, Geneva, 22-24 March 2005
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METSÄNTUTKIMUSLAITOSSKOGSFORSKNINGSINSTITUTETFINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTEwww.metla.fi
1. Residues from fellings of roundwood (branches, needles, tops, off cuts)
2. Potential residues from felling balance
3. Stumps and coarse roots
Main sources of felling residues:
Estimation of felling residues from fellings of forests available for wood supply
27th Session Joint FAO/UNECE Working Party on Forest Economics and Statistics, Geneva, 22-24 March 2005
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METSÄNTUTKIMUSLAITOSSKOGSFORSKNINGSINSTITUTETFINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTEwww.metla.fi
Estimation of biomass components:
Roots estimation Roots estomation(Nordic and Baltic countries) (rest of Europe)
100%
100%
100%
21,9%
19,8%
22,4%
SPRUCE Group
PINE Group 8%
Tops
2%
17,7% 4,6% 2%
Decayed stem
8%
67,7%
19,1%
19,3%
Stem+stembark Branches Needles
55% 24% 11%
TOTAL
BROADLEAVED Group / 14,7%8,0%78,2% 12,1% 1,7%
27th Session Joint FAO/UNECE Working Party on Forest Economics and Statistics, Geneva, 22-24 March 2005
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METSÄNTUTKIMUSLAITOSSKOGSFORSKNINGSINSTITUTETFINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTEwww.metla.fi
Theoretical forest fuel resources of EU25:logging residues + balance = 560 mill. m3 (+144%)
BIOMASSCOMPONENTS
BALANCE = NAI - FELLINGS
46
million m 3/y
STEM+STEMBARK 186.3
ROOTS 37.7
13,6
4,8
NEEDLES
TOPS
OFF CUTS 20,3
BRANCHES
BIOMASSCOMPONENTS
ROOTS 78
BRANCHES 93,9
9,7
NEEDLES
TOPS
28,8
OFF CUTS 40,8
LOGGING RESIDUES
million m 3/y
(STEM+STEMBARK) (389.3)
Results
27th Session Joint FAO/UNECE Working Party on Forest Economics and Statistics, Geneva, 22-24 March 2005
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METSÄNTUTKIMUSLAITOSSKOGSFORSKNINGSINSTITUTETFINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTEwww.metla.fi
Theoretical forest fuel potential in EU25
30
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80m
illion
m3 /y
BALANCE - ROOTS
BALANCE - TOPS
BALANCE - NEEDLES
BALANCE - BRANCHES
BALANCE - DECAYED STEMS
BALANCE - STEMS
FELLING RESIDUES - ROOTS
FELLING RESIDUES - TOPS
FELLING RESIDUES - NEEDLES
FELLING RESIDUES - BRANCHES
FELLING RESIDUES - DECAYED STEMS
27th Session Joint FAO/UNECE Working Party on Forest Economics and Statistics, Geneva, 22-24 March 2005
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METSÄNTUTKIMUSLAITOSSKOGSFORSKNINGSINSTITUTETFINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTEwww.metla.fi
1. On 75% of clearcut sites and on 45% of thinning sites, residues can be harvested
65% of residues from mechanized cutting are recoverable
50% of residues from manual cutting are recoverable
REDUCTION FACTORS:
Estimation of technically harvestable forest fuel potential
2. 20% of volume of roots from clearcuts are harvestable
3. 25% of volume of balance is harvestable(roots volume of balance is not taken under consideration)
27th Session Joint FAO/UNECE Working Party on Forest Economics and Statistics, Geneva, 22-24 March 2005
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METSÄNTUTKIMUSLAITOSSKOGSFORSKNINGSINSTITUTETFINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTEwww.metla.fi
Volume of available forest fuels by country
Share of timber Share of Total felling AVAILABLE RESIDUES AVAILABLE RESIDUES FELLING RESIDUES
from clearcuts mechanization in residues OF FELLING OF BALANCE VOLUME OF ROOTS% cutting % (mill. m3 /y) (mill. m3 /y) (mill. m3 /y) AVAILABLE (mill. m3 /y)
Austria 18 % 30 % 10,1 2,9 2,7 0,2
Belgium 70 % 80 % 2,6 1,1 0,3 0,1
Cyprus
Czech Republic 83 % 10 % 8,9 3,2 1,5 0,5
Denmark 70 % 50 % 1,2 0,4 0,4 0,0
Estonia 73 % 55 % 1,6 0,6 0,0 0,1
Finland 79 % 97 % 26,7 11,4 6,3 1,8
France 76 % 40 % 22,6 8,6 10,2 1,6
Germany 5 % 35 % 23,4 6,0 13,9 0,1
Greece 6 % 0 %
Hungary 72 % 15 % 2,0 0,7 1,2 0,1
Ireland 82 % 95 % 1,3 0,6 0,4 0,1
Italy 20 % 2 % 2,9 0,7 3,1 0,1
Latvia 76 % 5 % 2,9 1,0 1,5 0,2
Lithuania 50 % 0 % 2,2 0,7 1,1 0,1
Luxembourg
Malta
The Netherlands 80 % 25 % 0,6 0,2 0,3 0,0
Poland 44 % 2,0% 12,5 3,6 2,9 0,6
Portugal 70 % 40 % 3,6 1,3 0,5 0,3
Slovakia 40,2% 0,7% 3,0 0,9 1,7 0,1
Slovenia 0 % 0,7% 1,1 0,3 1,3 0,0
Spain 70 % 30 % 4,4 1,6 5,7 0,3
Sw eden 70 % 98 % 35,2 15,0 6,9 2,2
United Kingdom 80 % 90 % 4,4 1,8 1,7 0,2
COUNTRY
TOTAL 173,2 62,6 63,5 9,0
27th Session Joint FAO/UNECE Working Party on Forest Economics and Statistics, Geneva, 22-24 March 2005
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METSÄNTUTKIMUSLAITOSSKOGSFORSKNINGSINSTITUTETFINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTEwww.metla.fi
Volume of technically available forest fuels in EU25:71.6 mill. m3 from felling residues + 67.3 mill m3 from balance = 138.9 mill. m3
= approximately 25% of the theoretical potential 560 mill. m3
TOTAL AVAILABLE AVAILABLE VOLUME OF ROOTSFELLING RESIDUES SHARE AVAILABLE
RESIDUES OF FELLING OF BALANCE FROM FELLINGS(mill. m3 /y) (mill. m3 /y) (mill. m3 /y) (mill. m3 /y)
173,2 62,6 63,5 9,0above ground 36% of
residues25% of above ground balance
14% on top of above ground availablefelling residues
27th Session Joint FAO/UNECE Working Party on Forest Economics and Statistics, Geneva, 22-24 March 2005
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METSÄNTUTKIMUSLAITOSSKOGSFORSKNINGSINSTITUTETFINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTEwww.metla.fi
Calculations only for four countries• available forest fuels at costs 10 €/MWh or 20€/m3
15 €/MWh or 30 €/m3
• available forest fuels from radius 100 km 200 km
Economically available
27th Session Joint FAO/UNECE Working Party on Forest Economics and Statistics, Geneva, 22-24 March 2005
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METSÄNTUTKIMUSLAITOSSKOGSFORSKNINGSINSTITUTETFINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTEwww.metla.fi
New projects on biofuels resources, market and trade
• Forest Energy Resources, Energy Technology Market and Biofuel Trade in EU
Tekes Project 2004 - 20072 subprojects:
• Wood Energy Potencial in EU and Market for Energy Wood Harvesting Technology
• International Bioenergy TradeMethodology and detailed case studies in 3 – 5 countries
• Five European RES-heat pilotsEU EIE Project 2005 – 2007• Regions involved: North Karelia, Finland; Brandenburg, Germany;
Catalonia, Spain; Svencionys, Lithuania; Castelo de Vide, Portugal
27th Session Joint FAO/UNECE Working Party on Forest Economics and Statistics, Geneva, 22-24 March 2005
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METSÄNTUTKIMUSLAITOSSKOGSFORSKNINGSINSTITUTETFINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTEwww.metla.fi
The whole study is available in PDFformat at:http://www.metla.fi/julkaisut/workingpapers/2004/mwp006.htm
Thank you for your attention