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Miles Lewis
the industrial vernacularLa industria vernacular
Universidad de ChileNovember 2007
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GLASS AND ARCHITECTUREVidrio y Arquitectura
crown glass / vidrio corona
sheet (or cylinder glass) / vidrio laminado o de cilindro
plate glass / vidrio plano pulido
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Crown glass: (left) a pane or table from Jerash, (centre) a plaster frame with the edges of two panes, and (right) modern glass from Hebron, c 1930
Vidrio corona: (izq.) un cristal o mesa de Jerash, (centro), un soporte de yeso con losbordes de dos cristales y, (der.) un vidrio moderno de Hebrón, c. 1930
D B Harden, 'Domestic Window Glass: Roman, Saxon and Medieval', in E M Jope [ed], Studies in Building History (London 1961), plate V
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crown glass from Jerash, Hebron, and (right) Sudan, C12thVidrio corona de Jerash, Hebron y, (der.) Sudán, s. XII
Harden, 'Domestic Window Glass', p 40
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crown glass manufacture, C18th France: step Afábrica de vidrio corona, S. XVIII, Francia: paso A
Diderot, Encyclopédie, sv 'Verrerie', pl 13
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crown glass manufacture, C18th France: step B / Paso BDiderot, Encyclopédie, sv 'Verrerie', pl 13
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crown glass manufacture, C18th France: step C / Paso CDiderot, Encyclopédie, sv 'Verrerie', pl 13
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manufacture ofcrown glass:
Elaboración del vidrio corona
the table onthe end of the punty
La mesa al final del puntel
Raymond McGrath & A C Frost,Glass in Architecture and
Decoration (2nd ed, London 1961[1937]), p 75
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the manufacture of sheet glass by Chance Brothers, c 1850Elaboración de vidrio laminado por Chance Brothers, c. 1850
Jackdaw no 43, The Great Exhibition 1851
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sheet glassbeing reheatedand flattened
Vidrio laminadosiendo recalentado y
aplanado
Harden, 'Domestic WindowGlass', pp 41, 42
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'In the Totomi Mountains', Japan, by K HokusaiNational Gallery of Victoria, NGV60160D
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pit sawing
aserrado en foso
E R K HardingState Library of Victoria
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Pit sawing demonstrationQueensland
Demostración de aserrado en foso
Queensland
Miles Lewis
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pit sawing with a frame saw,
Wiltshire, England
Aserrado en fosocon una sierra de bastidor, Wiltshire,
Inglaterra
Creasey, Victorian and Edwardian Country Life, pl
95
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rip sawing with a frame saw or oga in Japan,Calado con una sierra de bastidor u oga, en Japón
by Sanjuniban Shokudin Uta Awase, c 1500Suntory Museum of Art
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eighteenth century timber yard with frame sawAserradero de maderas, del s. XVIII con sierra de bastidor
Diderot, Encyclopédie, 'Menuiserie'
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water-powered sawmill, early
C13th, illustrated by Villard de Honnecourt
Sierra impulsadapor agua, de
comienzos del s. XIII
Robert Mark [ed], Architectural Technology up to the Scientific Revolution
(Cambridge [Massachusetts] 1993), p 3
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Crump & Grant's Bass River Saw Mills, Queensferry, Westernport, Victoria
Aserraderos sobre el Río Bass, de Crump & GrantIllustrated Australian News, 21 February 1877
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Egan's Steam Saw Mills, Church Street and Bridge Road, Richmond, Melbourne, 1859
C Mayes, The Victorian Contractors’ and Builders’ Price-Book (Melbourne 1859), p xliii
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Nails / Clavos
trenails (wooden nails) / Estacas o espigas (clavos de madera)
handmade or forged nails / clavos forjados o hechos a mano
cut brads / clavos cortos o puntillaspatent pressed (Ewbank) nails / clavos a presión
patentados (Ewbank)wire nails / clavos alambre de cabeza redonda
steel wire nails / clavos de acero
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trenails at 'Old Wesleydale', Tasmania, c 1835Estacas o Espigas en “Old Wesleydale”, Tasmania, c. 1835
Miles Lewis
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various nails
Varios clavos
(A) rose with sharp point
de roseta con punta diamante
(B) rose with flat point
de roseta con punta plana
(C) clasp
(D) brad / puntilla
(E) clout
G L Sutcliffe, The Modern Carpenter,Joiner and Cabinet-Maker
(8 vols, London, nd), IV, p 403
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cut bradspuntillas
Modified version of Robert Varman, 'The Nail as a Criterion
for the Dating of Building and Building Sites', Papers in
Australian Historical Archaeology
(Sydney 1987), p 37
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two Ewbank nailsfrom 'Captain Bacchus's
Hut', Bacchus MarshDos clavos Ewbank de la
“Cabaña del CapitánBacchus”
David Callow 1997
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examples of Ewbank nailsEjemplos de
ClavosEwbank
Chris How collection
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heads of Ewbank nails / cabezas de clavos EwbankChris How collection
star brand
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characteristics of the Ewbank nail
Características del ClavoEwbank
rectangular shankVástago rectangular
sharp raised edgeBorde filoso en aumento
curved chisel pointPunta tallada en curva
pyramidal headCabeza piramidal
J J Cordes star brand from 1868
Marca de estrella J. J. Cordes desde 1868
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'American wire nails‘ / “Clavos alfiler de Estados Unidos” (1) 8d common / común; (2) 8d common brad / puntilla común; (3) 8d flooring brad / puntilla para pisos; (4) 8d casing / puntilla o de
cajonero; (5) 8d finishing / agujuela; (6) 6d shingle / para tejas;(7) 8d clinch / para remache; (8) 3d fine / fino; (9) 3d slating / para listones; (10) one-inch barbed
roofing nail / clavo estriado de una pulgada para cubiertasSutcliffe Modern Carpenter IV p 404
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Bricks / bloques de ladrillo
Adobe / Adobehandmade bricks / ladrillos hechos a mano
extruded bricks / ladrillos extruidospressed bricks / ladrillos prensados
downdraft kilns / hornos de corriente descendenteHoffman kilns / hornos Hoffman
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domed mud brick houses at Abu Ghal Ghal, northern
Syriacasas con forma de domo, hechas en ladrillo de barro,
norte de SiriaMiles Lewis.
domed houses at Harran, southern Turkey
From South-Eastern Anatolia and the Gap Region, no date.
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flat plate adobes drying at Uragli, Turkeyadobes lisos secándose en Uragli, Turquía
Miles Lewis
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the Arab village of Balaban, southern TurkeyMiles Lewis
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block-shaped adobe of the Urartu culture, Tesheban citadel, Armenia, 732 BC / Adobe con forma de ladrillo, cultura Urartu,
ciudadela de Tesheban, Armenia, 732 ACMiles Lewis
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the adobe-making ground at Ozbag, south-west Turkey, showing equipment and raw materials
Lugar de elaboración de adobe en Ozbag, suroeste de Turquía, mostrando equipamiento y materias primas
Miles Lewis
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adobe making at Ozbag: mixing the mud and strawMezclando el barro y la paja
Miles Lewis
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adobe making at Ozbag
the mouldEl molde
Miles Lewis
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adobe-making at Ozbag: cleaning and moistening the mouldLimpiando y humedeciendo el molde
Miles Lewis
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adobe making at Ozbag: filling the mouldLlenando el molde
Miles Lewis
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adobe making at Ozbag: the filled mouldsLos moldes llenos
Miles Lewis
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adobe making at Ozbag: discharging the mouldVaciando el molde
Miles Lewis
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adobe making at Ozbag: the formed bricksLos ladrillos formados
Miles Lewis
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adobe making at Ozbag: the drying groundLa superficie de secado
Miles Lewis
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the Kurdish compromise / el compromiso Kurdo
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Kurdish mud bricks at Çavustepe village
Ladrillos de barro de origen kurdo en el
pueblo de ÇavustepeMiles Lewis
Kurdish mud brick mould at Yalindamlar
Ladrillo de barro kurdo, moldeado en Yalindamlar
Miles Lewis
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Kurdish wall construction at Uragli / Construcción kurda de un muro, en UragliMiles Lewis
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baked brickLadrillos horneados
hand mouldingMoldeado a mano
tempering pits and pugmillsFosos de templado y mezcladoras
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Lake Cellat brickworks, Turkey / Fábrica de ladrillos en el Lago Cellat, TurquíaMiles Lewis
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Lake Cellat brickworks: tempering pit & pugmillFoso de templado y mezcladora
Miles Lewis
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above: late nineteenth centurypugmill from Sheffield
Arriba: Mezcladora de fines del s. XIX
right: early nineteenth centurypugmill, Britain
derecha: mezcladora de inicios del s. XIX
John Woodforde, Bricks to Build a House(London 1976), p 61
Edward Dobson, The Art of Making Bricksand Tiles (2 parts, London 1850), I, p 15
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Grinding / MolidoChilean Mill / Molino Chileno, Cessnock
Brick & Pipe Works, NSWChilean mill / Molino Chileno, Four Mile
brickworks, Thornton, NSWWet Pan, style F / recipiente húmedo,
estilo F, by the American Clay Working Machinery Co
Miles LewisAmerican Clay Working Machinery Co (Bucyrus [Ohio]
no date [c1896]), p 157
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brickmaker’s stool, 1850 / Herramientas del fabricante de ladrillos(a) brick earth; (b) moulder’sand; (c) clot-moulder’s sand; (d) stock; (e) water tub;
(f) page; (g) pallets; (h) brick on pallet; (k) moulder’s place; (m) clot-moulder’splace; (o) cuckold – for cutting off the ground earth as it comes from the pugmill
Dobson, Bricks and Tiles, II, p 16
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brickmakers at work: lithograph of 1821Woodforde, Bricks to Build a House, p 175
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Lake Cellat brickworks, Turkey: moulding benchBanco de moldeado
Miles Lewis
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EXTRUSION / EXTRUSIÓN'Archimidean Pipe, Brick and Tile Machine', patented by Alfred Cornwell of Brunswick, 1863, and a
similar machine published in 1872 / ”Tornillo de Arquímedes, Máquina para ladrillos y losetas”, patentada por Alfred Cornwell de Brunswick 1863 y una similar, publicada en 1872
Victorian patent V646 (from the Commonwealth prints)Town and Country Journal, 20 April 1872, p 492
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Bulmer & Sharp's extrusion brickmaking
machine, 1861Máquina de extrusión
para hacer ladrillos, 1861
wire cutters at Gulson'sbrickworks, Goulburn,
NSWCortadoras de alambresen la fábrica de ladrillos
Gulson, Gouldburn, NSW
Woodforde, Bricks to Build a House, p 113Miles Lewis
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PRESSING / PRENSADOsecond brickmaking machine by Edward Jones of Birmingham, patented 1835
Andrew Ure, Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures and Mines (London 1839), p 189
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detail of a brick press at Gulson's Brickworks, Goulburn NSWDetalle de un prensado de ladrillos
Miles Lewis
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the roofing tile ALa teja A
hand made types / tipos hechos a manothe crown or shingle tile / la teja plana
tegula & imbrexthe Flemish or pantile / la Flamenca o teja canalón
the Spanish or Cordoba tile / teja española o cordobesa
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classical Greek roof tile types / Tipos clásicos de tejas griegasJ J Coulton, Greek Architects at Work (London 1977), p 56
the tegula – [pl tegulae] - the flat or concave tile which covers the roof surfaceTeja cóncava o plana que cubre la superficie del techo
the imbrex [pl imbrices] - the concave tile which protects the jointTeja cóncava que proteje el encuentro de dos aguas
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Roman temple, Caravaca de la Cruz, Murcia, Spain, C2nd BC: reconstruction of the terracotta tile roof and revetmentReconstrucción del tejado de terracota y revestimiento
F B Yagüe, El Santuario Ibero-Romano de la Encarnacion, Caravaca de la Cruz, Murcia[leaflet] (Caravaca de la Cruz [Murcia] 1995), no page
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tile roof in Prague, Czech Republic / Tejado en Praga, Rep. ChecaMiles Lewis
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roof tiles from the Forbidden City, Beijing, ChinaTejas de la Ciudad Prohibida, Beijing, China
Miles Lewis
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the pantile or Flemish tile
Teja Flamenca o canalón
roof at / techo en Hinxton, England
generic drawingsDibujos genéricos
Miles LewisR W Brunskill, Illustrated Handbook of Vernacular
Architecture (London 1970), p 89
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Spanish tiles / Tejas españolas
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El Tajar tileworks, Guatemala: mould & formeFábrica de tejas El Tajar, Guatemala: molde y horma
Miles Lewis
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El Tajar tileworks, Guatemala: filling the mouldLlenando el molde o gradilla
Miles Lewis
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El Tajar tileworks, Guatemala: the filled mouldEl molde lleno
Miles Lewis
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El Tajar tileworks, Guatemala: transferrin the tile to the fourmeTransfiriendo la teja a la horma (corbeta o Galápago) que le da su forma curva
Miles Lewis
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El Tajar tileworks, Guatemala: the drying groundLa superficie de secado
Miles Lewis
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Chinese tile making on a tub, Tiangono
Kaiway, 1637Fabricación de tejasen China medianteun tubo, Tiangono
Kaiway, 1637
Guo Qinghua, 'Tile and Brick Making in China: a Study of
the Yingzao Fashi', Construction History, XVI
(2000), p 4
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the roofing tile BLa teja B
pressed types / tipos prensadosGilardoni
MullerMartin Frères
SA des Tuileries, Marseille
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Gilardoni roofing tiles(Montchanin type,
bottom)Tejas Gilardoni
(tipo Montchanin, abajo)
Pierre Chabat, Dictionnaire des Termes Employés dans la
Construction (Paris 1875), p 1423
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tile with vent by Muller Frères, Alsace, 1855(shown at the Paris
Exposition)Teja con ventilación,
por Muller Frères, Alsacia, 1855
(mostrada en la Exposición de París)
Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal, XX, 277 (April 1857), p
112
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the Marseille tile mysteryEl misterio de la teja de Marsella
a roofing tile little known in France, outside MarseilleUn tipo de teja poco conocido en Francia, fuera de Marsella
hardly known in Britain or the United StatesFuertemente conocido en Gran Bretaña y Estados Unidos
extensively used in Turkey, India, Argentina, Australiaampliamente usado en Turquía, India, Argentina, Australia
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tiles exported from Marseille, 1860 (manufacturer not stated)Tejas exportadas de Marsella, 1860 (fabricante no establecido)
Colonial Mining Journal, 4, September 1860, p 15
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the first Marseille tile roof in Australia
‘North Park’, Melbourne, 1888-9El primer techo con tejas Marsella en
Australia
Miles Lewis
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Guichard, Carvin & Cie tile / teja, from Marseille, ‘North Park’, 1889David Callow
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bee brand on the nose of a Guichard, Carvin & Cie tileMarca de abeja en la nariz de una teja de la fábrica Guichard, Carvin & Cie
David Callow
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turtle brand on Tuileries de la Méditerranée tiles, 1908 (‘Warra’), VictoriaMarca de tortuga en tejas de la Tuilleries de la Méditerranée
Miles Lewis
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corrugation & galvanizingCorrugado y galvanizadothe galvanizing patent wars of 1839-43
Las disputas por las patentes de galvanizado, de 1849-43
the galvanized tinned iron of Morewood & RogersEl hierro galvanizado de Morewood y Rogers
the Morewood & Rogers tileLa teja Morewood y Rogers
the invention of structural corrugated ironRichard Walker, patentee, 1830-1843
La invención del acero corrugado estructural. Patente de Richard Walker 1830-43
the combination with galvanizing / la combinación con galvanizadogauge and pitch / calibre (espesor) y ancho de onda (paso)
the hook bolt / el tornillo de ganchostructural corrugation / corrugado estructural
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roofing of galvanized iron sheeting with standing seams on wood rollsTechado en planchas de hierro galvanizado, con juntas salientes en
troncos de maderafrom Marshall Lefferts & Brother catalogue, New York, 1854
Diana Waite, 'Roofing Early America' in C E Peterson [ed], Building Early America (Radnor [Pennsylvania] 1976), p 144
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'Clarendon', Nile, Tasmania, 1838: roof of outbuildings, probably 1850sTecho de edificios anexos, “Clarendon”, Nile, Tasmania, probablemente de los años 1850
Miles Lewis
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brand of a Morewood & Rogers tile, on a house near Beechworth, AustraliaMarca de una teja Morewood & Rogers, en una casa cerca a Beechworth
Miles Lewis
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'Coryule' near Drysdale, by Charles Laing, 1849-50: the south elevation / elevación sur
State Library of Victoria
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‘Coryule’, north view / vista norteMiles Lewis
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Morewood & Rogers's
corrugated curving machine
Máquina de corrugado
Victorian patent no 77 to John Carter, 31 December 1857
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physical characteristics of corrugated ironCaracterísticas físicas del hierro corrugado
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Thomas's patent fittings for corrugated iron roofs, using hook boltsEnsamble patentado por Thomas para techos de hierro, usando tornillos de
ganchoJ E Sears [ed], The Architects Compendium and Catalogue (London 1907), p 289
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Corrugated iron arched ceiling as advertised in the Philadelphia Architectural Iron Company's
catalogue, 1872, fig 7Cielorraso con forma arqueada, en
hierro corrugado, como se aprecia en el catálogo de la Architectural Iron
Co., 1872
Samuel Nickerson house, 40 East Erie St, Chicago, by Burlington &
White house, 1883: iron vaulting in rear corridor / bóveda de hierro en
pasillo trasero
D S Waite, Architectural Elements(New York, no date [1972]), no page
Miles Lewis
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the vernacular fights backLas protecciones vernaculares
the Roussillon vault / la bóveda Roussillonthe Comte d’EspieRafael Guastavino
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[Félix François] d'Espie, Maniere de Rendre Toutes Sortes d'EdificesIncombustibles, &c (2nd ed, Paris 1776), plate 2, detail / plancha 2, detalle
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