Download - Mitosis#2 ii 1
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Cell Reproduction
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Why Do Cells Divide???
• DNA Overload - information overload too much cell to make proteins for.
• Materials Exchange Problem – Surface Area to Volume Ratio
• Injury
• Depletion of Cells from natural death.
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Human Chromosomes23 Homologous Pairs
homologous pairs= a matching pair of chromosomes, one from each parent
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Chromosomes
• Number of chromosomes depends on characteristics of species
• Examples: • Humans 46 (23 pr)
Earth worm 36 (18pr)• Fly 8 ( 4 pr)
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Time for cell divisiondepends on type of cellbacteria completes cycle in 22 minutes
nerve cell some only once in entire life
liver cell may take 1 year
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G1 ~ intense activity & cell growthS phase ~ DNA replication ( will copy every chromosome)G2 ~ prepares for mitosis usually shortest part of interphase organelles needed for mitosis are made now
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Go to Video Clips
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Stages of Mitosis
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase
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Prophase
• Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide)
• Centrioles (or poles) appear and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell.
• Spindle fibers form between the poles.
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All these cells are in prophase
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Metaphase
• Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell.
• Animal cell Plant Cell
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Spindle fibers attach to the chromatids
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Anaphase ~ Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) separate and
begin to move to opposite ends of the cell.
Animal Cell Plant Cell
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TelophaseTwo new nuclei form.
Chromosomes appear as chromatin (threads rather than rods).
Mitosis ends.Animal Cell Plant Cell
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CytokinesisCell membrane moves inward to
create two daughter cells – each with its own nucleus with identical
chromosomes.
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Division of
Prokaryotic Cells
(binary fission)
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http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/mitosis-animated.gif
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MorePractice
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Cell Cycle
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In lab, we will be looking at the tip of a plant leaf, looking for the
different stages of mitosis
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