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mm-Wave Massive-MIMO Antennas:
Which Use Cases ?
André DOLL November 8th, 2019
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Benefits of massive-MIMO in mm-Wave
Higher gain allows longer distance in spite of higher propagation loss than below 6GHz.
Small size λ/2 = 5.4mm (@28GHz)
Beam-Steering for communication optimization
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Services expected to use mm-Wave bands
eMBB (enhanced Mobile
BroadBand): FWA, HD video
communication, VR/AR, IAB
URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low-Latency
Communication): Automotive
applications, trains and buses, medical
applications
mMTC (massive Machine Type
Communication): Smart cities,
Industrial automation 5G
mMTC URLLC
eMBB
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Implementation Timing
2015 2020 2025
mMTC URLLC eMBB
The technology is/will be available to meet those deadlines.
A maximum of 10% of the 5G cell sites would support mm-Waves in 2025. (1)
The primary inhibitor might be the reluctance of the public to EMF exposure.
(1) « Study on using millimetre waves bands for the deployment of the 5G ecosystem in the Union » European Commission, July 2019
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eMBB: FWA
Target: Provide high data rates to fixed locations
Frequency bands: 26/28GHz
Range: up to 600m
Average data rate: 15Mbps per household (Source: Ericsson)
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eMBB: other Use Cases
High data rate and media delivery
Driving Factors: expanded use of HD TV, 4K and 8K TV, audio and video
streaming services
Challenge: connection density up to 4 000 users/km².
Outdoor and Indoor urban hotspots
Driving Factors: AR/VR and media applications
Frequency bands: ~30GHz (for outdoor and indoor)
~70GHz (only indoor)
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URLLC: Automotive
The needs of the automotive industry are numerous and challenging:
Autonomous cars (need for security, platooning, collision avoidance with other
cars or other Vehicule Road Users (VRUs), …)
Software update downloads
WiFi hotspot backhaul
Infotainment
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Platooning Collision
avoidance
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URLLC: Autonomous cars
Competition between the ITS-G5 and the C-V2X
ITS-G5 (ITS stands for Intelligent Transport Systems) (VW, Renault, Toyota) will use
the unlicensed ITS band of 5.9GHz
C-V2X (stands for Cellular-Vehicule to Everything) (all the other car manufacturers
and Toyota). Some applications will use mm-Wave bands.
Autonomous cars must perform all driving operations without any human
intervention:
Surroundings detection
Connectivity and Communication
Nota: « X » of V2X can be « V » for « Vehicles », « P » for « Pedestrians », « I » for « road
Infrastructure », or « N » for « Internet »
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URLLC: Autonomous cars
The 5G Automative Association (5GAA) supports the C-V2X (1)
Market size – Connected cars and Autonomous cars (level 5) (million units) –
The volume of data travelling between cars and the Cloud will reach 10
exabytes/month in 2025, approximately 10.000 times more than today (source: IHS
Markit)
(1) 5GAA White Paper – « C-V2X Use Cases Methodology, Examples and Service Level Requirements », June 2019 9
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URLLC: Other applications
Other transportation
Objective: Provide broadband access in public transport systems
mm-Wave bands could be used for high-date rate links (High-resolution video / or mobile
TV)
Medical applications/healthcare
Very low latency will enable the use of haptic feedback (based on the sense of touch),
for instance for tele-surgery.
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Manufacturing/Industrial Automation
5G Americas has released a white paper listing the following use cases (1):
Motion Control,
Industrial Ethernet,
Control-to-control communication,
Process automation
Electric power generation and distribution
The applications that will require mm-Wave bands are related to remote
operation
(1) « New services and applications with 5G Ultra Reliable Low-Latency Communications » November 2018 11
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Smart Cities
Possible mm-Wave Smart Cities 5G use cases:
Backhaul/mesh for WiFi access points (indoor and outdoor)
Digital signage
Video-surveillance
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Other 5G services in the mmWave bands
Drone control (temporary mobile cells, railway lines, power lines, border
control, …) but prohibited in the 26GHz band. (1)
Public Safety,
mm-Wave could be used mainly for public protection and disaster relief
(PPDR) services.
Satellite – No significant development expected before 2025
(1) CEPT report 68 on technical conditions for 5G use of the 26GHz Band
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X-hauling
Backhauling and Fronthauling The backhauling needs will rise as data traffic rises, but traditional backhaul frequencies
are transferred to Access in 5G. Higher bands will be used: W (92-114.25GHz) and D
(130-174.8GHz)
Integrated Access-Backhaul (IAB)
Massive-MIMO antennas are a must
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Potential 5G services using mm-Wave bands
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Sector/Application 5G Use Case Use of mm-
Wave bands
2020/2025
Use of mm-
Wave bands
2025/2030
eMBB-Mobile Mm-Wave in hot spots (indoor and
outdoor small cells)
++ +++
eMBB-FWA High-Definition Video ++ to +++ +++
Automotive V2V, V2X + ++
Trains and buses Access and Backhauling + ++
Medical applications Remote healthcare - to + ++
Manufacturing /
Industrial automation Robotics, localized real-time
control, security, automation
+ ++
Energy Smart metering, smart grid - -
Smart Cities Digital signage, video-surveillance + ++
Public Safety Real-time video, HD pictures - +
Satellite Use for hybrid solutions - +
X-hauling IAB +++ +++
Source: IDATE
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WRC19 – Decisions to be made on new spectrum
under study for IMT under study for HAPS under study for NGSO FSS
Source: ITU 16
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THANK YOU
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