MOTIVATIONEdge clouds, edge applications
WINLAB
Mobile Edge Clouds
WINLAB
Edge Applications
Field machine control Emergency stop
Smart Factory
Emergency Service
AR navigation Automatic translation
Automatic driving Real-time alert
Safety
Mobile Edge Cloud Services
Scalability for devices and objects
Real-timeresponse
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Object GUID
Value
1 X1
2 X2
… …
10^12
Object GUID
Value
1 X1
2 X2
… …
10^12
Challenges
Cloud
(1) Sensing
(2) Computation(2) Computation
(3) Actuation
Response
Object ID
Value
1 X1
2 X2
… …
10^12
Query- Device/Object ID- Sensed data
- Actuation command
Distributed, Parallel, and Pipelined Computation
Multi-sensory fusion
Networkdomain
. . .
Large # of NW domains
Data-Intensive
<100msec response time in application<100msec response time in application Trillion-order edge devices & objects are properly handledTrillion-order edge devices & objects are properly handled
Scale Real-time
Terminal Mobility
Service Directories
Complexity
SMART-EDGE Network virtualization, ASR, task mapping, spatial and temporal scheduling
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SmartEdge Vision
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Global Name Resolution Globally unique name
(GUID) for network attached objects device, content, context, AS name,
sensor, and so on Multiple domain-specific naming
services
Global Name Resolution Service for GUID NA mappings
Hybrid GUID/NA approach Both name/address headers in PDU “Fast path” when NA is available GUID resolution, late binding option
Globally Unique Flat Identifier (GUID)
John’s _laptop_1
Sue’s_mobile_2
Server_1234
Sensor@XYZ
Media File_ABC
Host NamingService
Network
SensorNamingService
ContentNamingService
Global Name Resolution Service
Network addressNet1.local_ID
Net2.local_ID
ContextNamingService
Taxis in NB
WINLAB
Mobility Service via Name Resolution
MobilityFirst Network(Data Plane)
GNRS
Register “John Smith22’s devices” with NCS
GUID lookupfrom directory
GUID assigned
GUID = 11011..011
Represents networkobject with 2 devices
Send (GUID = 11011..011, SID=01, data)
Send (GUID = 11011..011, SID=01, NA99, NA32, data)
GUID <-> NA lookup
NA99
NA32
GNRS update(after link-layer association)
DATA
SIDNAs
Packet sent out by host
GNRS query
GUID
Service API capabilities:- send (GUID, options, data)Options = anycast, mcast, time, ..- get (content_GUID, options)Options = nearest, all, ..
Name CertificationServices (NCS)
Overview of Virtual Mobile Cloud Network (vMCN)
IDQuery Packet
(2) VN & vBS on the move
(3) Service Anycast& Dynamic Migration
VN Routing layer
Name resolution layer
Virtual base station (vBS)
smartEdge slice
(1) Name-based virtual network
(3) GNRS Service PlaneGUID Locator VN Type
A1 19 No
VNID_1 VR1, VR2, … Yes
VR1 1a Yes
VR2 1b Yes
Network 19
Network 53a
A1
A2
B1
S
VR1
VR2
VR3 VR5
VR6
(1) Virtual GUID as an identifier of a VN (2) Ingress router identifies VNs (3) GNRS is exploited to capture VN
membership and access control
(1) Virtual GUID as an identifier of a VN (2) Ingress router identifies VNs (3) GNRS is exploited to capture VN
membership and access control
CentralCoordinator
(2) Ingress Router
(1)
MF Extended to Support VN
vBS: A Technique of Building a Service-specific VN in WiFi
Isolated BS resources assigned to a target service Network-driven association and handover Cooperative NW virtualization in backhaul
Isolated BS resources assigned to a target service Network-driven association and handover Cooperative NW virtualization in backhaul
Virtual BS(vBS)
Physical BS
vBS 1 vBS 2 vBS 3
K. Nakauchi and Y. Shoji, “WiFi Network Virtualization to Control the Connectivity of a Target Service,” IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, June, 2015
Elastic QoS
Unified PolicyControllability
BS ResourcePool
The other services
Application-Specific Routing
Network 19
Network 53a
A1
A2
B1
S
Service Y
DST_GUID
<App, Link, N_Hop>
A1 <0.2, 5x, VR2>
A2 <0.7, 5x, VR2>
B1 <0.3, 3x, VR3>
S <0, 1, S>
Virtual Routing table @ VR1
VR1
VR2
VR3 VR5
VR6
Service GUID is assigned to a group of replicated servers
Application-level metric is used for routing decision
Application state is periodically announced computation load, waiting time, etc.
Service GUID is assigned to a group of replicated servers
Application-level metric is used for routing decision
Application state is periodically announced computation load, waiting time, etc.
WINLAB
Edge Cloud Assignment – Spatial Scheduling An edge application consists of a sequence of requests
each having a deadline and demanding a certain amount of resource
Each edge cloud periodically exposes its available resources CPU utilization, data set, pending workload,
Then we pick one that can satisfy the real-time constraint; if no server is qualified, we consider migrating existing requests (without violating their deadlines) Delayed scheduling
Migration may be needed due to user mobility Mobility prediction
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Parallel, Distributed, and Pipelined Execution
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Efficient Runtime Management
Data shipping or computation shipping? Approximate computing to hide network latency Co-scheduling across multiple sites
PROTOTYPING &EVALUATION
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Initial Prototype
ServiceGUID 1331
VNCS & OFS &MM
MF Central Coordinator
vBS172.21.0.254
NA: 172.21/16Locator: XX
NA: 172.25/16Locator: YY
NA: 172.27/16Locator: ZZ
VR1
VR2
Non-CPS/CPSTraffic Generator
vBS PrototypevBS Prototype MF-VN PrototypeMF-VN Prototype
VR3
CPS Terminal(MF-enabled)
Python script
GUID 21
Cloud Server1
Cloud Server2
GUID 22
vBSvBS
MobilityFirstMobilityFirst
vBS remote control software is implemented in the MF stack Common C-plane for MF and vBS Written in Python
vBS remote control software is implemented in the MF stack Common C-plane for MF and vBS Written in Python
WINLAB
90%ile Response Time Measured
CD
F
Response Time (RTT)
BeforeAfter
vBS onlyvBS&MF w/o vBS&MF
MF VNMF VN
APP-level Query & Response (mfping)
Response Time T=t0 T=t1
90%
90%ile Response Time
query response
• Mode: 802.11n/a• Band: 5GHz• Tx Rate: 65Mbps• Rx Rate: 65Mbps• # of BS: 2 (Ch 36,48)
vBSvBS• Routing: ASR
- Reporting interval: 2s• Transport: hop-by-hop
reliability- Retrans. limit: unlimited- Retrans. timeout: 200ms
MF-VNMF-VN
WINLAB
WiFi Congestion &Dynamic Server Load
20
MF VNMF VN
Server#1
Non-CPS terminals
CPSTerminals
BS#1
Server#2
Isolated for a specific CPS app
Isolated for a specific CPS app
Forwarded to the closest server even if the load is high
Forwarded to the closest server even if the load is high
Shared and competed b/w CPS and Non-
CPS apps
Shared and competed b/w CPS and Non-
CPS apps
Forwarded to less-loaded server
Forwarded to less-loaded server
With vBS
Without vBS
With ASR
Without ASR
MF VNMF VN
Server#1
BS#1
Server#2Non-CPS terminals
CPSTerminals
1.0
T
Server Load
0.2 T
Server Load
1.0
T
Server Load
0.2 T
Server Load
Before
After
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Reduction of 90%ile Response Time from 1900ms to 210msEmulated cloud app with 50KB Data, w/ Server Load and WiFi Cross Traffic
w/ vBS & ASR
w/o vBS &w/o ASR
90%ile
0.24
0.64
214ms 1932ms
100
Due
protocol
Due to retransmissions and the potential bogus state in the MF transport protocol
vBS&ASR
WINLAB
Questions & Answers
