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member of
Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann
Business Architecture Implementation
Knut Hinkelmann
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Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann
Position Enterprise Architecture
Strategy models
Architecture models
Design/Implementation model
Business Model CanvasSWOTBalanced Scorecard
Archimate models
BPMN modelsCMMN modelsDMN modelsUML models
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Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann
Business Model
Strategy
Organisation and Processes
Information Systems
Infrastructure
3Strategic Alignment of Business and IT
Design/Implementation
Strategymodels
Architecturemodels
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Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann
Referencing Detail Models from ArchiMate■ ArchiMate represents an overall architecture
■ Elements in an ArchiMate model can be modeled more detailed in a separate model (e.g. modeling conditional flows and events of a business process in BPMN)
■ Detail models can show the context of buiness architecture elements (e.g. actorsand roles arepart of an organisation model, business objects are part of a datamodel)
Business Architecture 4
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Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann
Example: Implementation Level forBusiness Processes
Business Architecture 5
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Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann
■ ArchiMate represents processes on an architecture level. It showsrelationships♦ Between processes (subprocess, trigger, logical order)
♦ Between processes and other elements (application services used, business services realized, roles assigned, …)
Business Processes on Architecture Level
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Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann
■ An ArchiMate Model is an overall representation of an Enterprise Architecture
■ To model details of elements (e.g. conditional flows and events of a process) one can use specific models
■ Example: Modeling process logic in BPMN and CMMN
Hierarchical Process Maps
7Business Architecture
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Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann
■ There are two ways a role can be related to a process♦ Participants executing (part of) the process are connected via
the "assign to" relation – they ar represented as lanes in BPMN♦ Participants for whom the process "produces" something are
assigned via services – they are represented as pools (external participants) in BPMN
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Distinction between Participants
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Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann
■ This is a view on the Enterprise Architecture from the viewpoint of the process manager for guest services at Portia
9Business Architecture
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Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann
An Example Process■ This is a simplified version of the process for serving guests
Business Architecture 10
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Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann
Relationships from and to Business ProcessDiagrams
There are two kinds of relations from/to BPMN
■ Relations to process models as a whole from♦ Architecture model (ArchiMate)
■ Relations from process elements to elements in other models♦ its element(s) in the architecture model♦ from lanes to organisation units or roles in organisation models/views♦ from lanes to applications and application services in application
models/views♦ from data objects to elements document models and data models♦ to products in product models/views♦ to business rules
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Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann
References in BPMN
Lanes refer to elementsin an organisation model
Data Objects canrefer to- data models- document models
Data storesmay refer toapplications
■ Processes are related to other aspects of business■ These are represented by references to other models.
A process element in thearchitecture refers to a process diagram andvice versa
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Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann
Business Processes, Organisations, andInteractions
■ A pool contains a process♦ The pool is labeled with the
participant who manages this process
■ A lane in a process model is labeled with the participant who performs the action♦ an role or organisation in the
pool
■ Interactions to external roles/organisations are modeled as message flows in a process
(Bridgeland & Zahavi 2009, p. 130f)
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Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann
Modeling Data and Documents
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Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann
An Example Process■ This is a simplified version of the process for serving guests
■ There are three data objects. Can you see a difference between thesedata objects?
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Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann
Modelling Data
Business Objects and Data objects can represent different kindsof data
■ Structured data
■ Documents, which either represent♦ a specific document
● Examples: An application form, the terms and conditions, themenu from which the guests can choose their meals
● Hint: For a specific document we can specify a file name or a URL
♦ a document class, i.e. a generic documents for which a specific instance is created during process execution● Examples: A bill or a filled application form
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Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann
Modelling Structured Data
■ Structured data can be represented for example as♦ Entity Relationship Diagram♦ UML Class Diagram/Object Diagram
■ Data models represent♦ entities/classes♦ columns/attributes♦ relations/associations
ERD:
UML Class Diagram:
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Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann
Document modeling
■ Although some tools like ADONIS have a model type for documents, there is nostandard for modeling documents
■ However, we can♦ reuse a business object or data object views from Archimate or♦ use UML class diagrams and object diagrams to model
documents 1)
ADONIS document model:
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Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann
Document Models
■ Documents can be grouped into document classes (also called document types) according to their usage:♦ Examples: invoice, application, menu, report
■ There can be specialisations of document classes. ♦ Example: There can be special kinds of reports like project
report, expert opinions, or reviews.
■ Metadata are attribute values which describe documents.♦ Example: a report might have an creator, a creation date
and a subject.
■ There are standards for metadata like the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (http://dublincore.org)
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Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann
Information as product
Michael C. Daconta: Information as Product, 2007
Business Architecture 20
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Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann
Data and Meta-data – Examples
■ Each document consists of the♦ usage data (document itself, content)♦ meta-data
■ Kinds of meta-data♦ General metadata
● can be used for any kind of information● Examples: author, date of creation,
subject♦ Application-specific metadata
● Examples:– For a letter: sender and recipient– For a report: project name
♦ Meta-data are structured data and caneasily be modeled in UML
name: Projektmanagementcreation: 18.3.2011modification: 25.6.2011format: PDF
document type: reportrecipient: All Life Insurance Inc.author: Smith
meta-data
usage data (document)
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Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann
Document modeling as UML Diagrams■ In UML
♦ A document class is represented as a class object withattributes describing the meta-data
♦ A specific document is an object (i.e. an instance of a class)
Specific documentsas UML objects:
Document classes as a UML class diagramm:
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Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann
Modeling Documents in ArchiMetric
■ In the Visual Paradigm tool we can use stereotypes tospecialize UML class diagrams for modeling documents.
■ We can define a new stereotype "Document" and♦ change color♦ add an icon
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Prof. Dr. Knut Hinkelmann
Combining Document and Data Modeling
Information about Documents and Data can be combined in one model♦ Document classes♦ Objects♦ Structured Data♦ Associations
contains
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