![Page 1: Modulation of TNFα and Nitric Oxide Production by Macrophages and Uterine Protein Expression in HIV Patients Taking Contraceptive Steroids: An Animal Model](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042716/55a6f4891a28abb41f8b46ff/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MELAKU TEFERA
![Page 2: Modulation of TNFα and Nitric Oxide Production by Macrophages and Uterine Protein Expression in HIV Patients Taking Contraceptive Steroids: An Animal Model](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042716/55a6f4891a28abb41f8b46ff/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
250TH
Recent outbreaks of West Nile Virus, Ebola, HemorrhagicFever, SARS, Monkey pox, Mad Cow Disease ,Avian Influenzaand Swine Influenza remind us that human and animal healthare intimately connected.
![Page 3: Modulation of TNFα and Nitric Oxide Production by Macrophages and Uterine Protein Expression in HIV Patients Taking Contraceptive Steroids: An Animal Model](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042716/55a6f4891a28abb41f8b46ff/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
•Combined oral contraceptives •Progestin only pills •Inject able contraceptives •Hormonal implants •Tubal ligation and vasectomy •IUD (copper bearing and levonorgestrelIUS) •Fertility awareness methods and LAM •Barrier methods •Emergency contraception •New contraceptive technology
There
is no
safe co
ntracep
tion
![Page 4: Modulation of TNFα and Nitric Oxide Production by Macrophages and Uterine Protein Expression in HIV Patients Taking Contraceptive Steroids: An Animal Model](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042716/55a6f4891a28abb41f8b46ff/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Macrophages of the uterus show a change in number and functional ability in the production of cytokines, reactive oxygen intermediates and bioactive lipids depending on the reproductive cycle
• Estrogen stimulates, whereas progesterone and testosterone suppress systemic and local production of immunoglobulins
![Page 5: Modulation of TNFα and Nitric Oxide Production by Macrophages and Uterine Protein Expression in HIV Patients Taking Contraceptive Steroids: An Animal Model](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042716/55a6f4891a28abb41f8b46ff/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Modulation of TNFα and Nitric Oxide Production by Macrophages and Uterine Protein Expression in HIV Patients Taking Contraceptive Steroids: An Animal Model](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042716/55a6f4891a28abb41f8b46ff/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Modulation of TNFα and Nitric Oxide Production by Macrophages and Uterine Protein Expression in HIV Patients Taking Contraceptive Steroids: An Animal Model](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042716/55a6f4891a28abb41f8b46ff/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Modulation of TNFα and Nitric Oxide Production by Macrophages and Uterine Protein Expression in HIV Patients Taking Contraceptive Steroids: An Animal Model](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042716/55a6f4891a28abb41f8b46ff/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Modulation of TNFα and Nitric Oxide Production by Macrophages and Uterine Protein Expression in HIV Patients Taking Contraceptive Steroids: An Animal Model](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042716/55a6f4891a28abb41f8b46ff/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Modulation of TNFα and Nitric Oxide Production by Macrophages and Uterine Protein Expression in HIV Patients Taking Contraceptive Steroids: An Animal Model](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042716/55a6f4891a28abb41f8b46ff/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Modulation of TNFα and Nitric Oxide Production by Macrophages and Uterine Protein Expression in HIV Patients Taking Contraceptive Steroids: An Animal Model](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042716/55a6f4891a28abb41f8b46ff/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• HIV patients should use the barrier method
• The demand for fertility control is expected to in developing countries alone is expected to grow to nearly 1 billion.
• The crucial issues in the future will therefore be aimed at optimizing the use of currently available methods and making them safe, effective and acceptable,
• In addition, there should be new developments in contraceptive technology.
• no completely novel breakthrough in this century at least.
![Page 12: Modulation of TNFα and Nitric Oxide Production by Macrophages and Uterine Protein Expression in HIV Patients Taking Contraceptive Steroids: An Animal Model](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042716/55a6f4891a28abb41f8b46ff/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)