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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 1
MODULE 2: THE CHALLENGES OF AN AGING WORKFORCE
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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 2
Things that get worse with age…
• Milk
• Remembering names
• Playing basketball
• Other???
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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 3
• Fine wine
• Cheese
• Bus fare
• Others??
Things that get better with age…
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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 4
• Gardening
• Singing
• Driving
• Dancing
• Work???
How does age affect these…
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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 5
The Physical and Mental Changes of Aging
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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 6
How Our Bodies Change With Age
• Strength• Endurance• Vision• Light sensitivity• Hearing• Temperature sensitivity• Balance• Reaction time
• Flexibility• Joint range of motion (e.g.
reach)• Manual dexterity• Chronic conditions (e.g.
arthritis)• Healing time• Learning and memory • Sleep disorders
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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 7
Strength & Endurance
• Strength declines due to changes in muscles and connective tissue– Strength peaks at 20-30 years of age– At 55, our strength is about 80% of strength at 30– Loss in strength is greater in leg muscles than in upper
body• Endurance declines, in part, due to how our bodies
absorb oxygen– Reduced to 70% of maximum by 65 years of age
• Older workers work close to their maximum physical abilities
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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 8
Vision
• Changes begin near 40 due to changes in our eyes’ lenses and the muscles that focus them– Near-sightedness or far-sightedness
– Restricted depth perception
– Restricted field of vision
– Slowed adaptation to changes in light
– Increased sensitivity to bright lights and glare
– Decreased sensitivity to contrast
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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 9
Hearing
• Age-related hearing loss begins around 40 and increases sharply around 60
• Characteristics of age-related hearing loss– Ability to distinguish high-pitched sounds (e.g. doorbell) declines
before ability to distinguish lower frequencies
– Understanding conversations can become a challenge
– Background noise makes hearing harder (e.g. factory)
• Noise-induced hearing loss can make age-related hearing loss worse than it would otherwise be
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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 10
NIHL, Sound Freq and Exposure British Columbia, 2000
0
10
20
30
40
50
500 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 6,000 8,000
Sound frequency (Hz)
Level of hearing loss (dB)
1-5 years
6-15 years
16-25 years
26+ years
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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 11
Balance & Reaction Time
• Increase in reaction time with age
– 40-year old requires 25% more time than 20-year old
– 60-year old requires 150% more time
• Balance declines with age
– Changes in vision and peripheral sensation
– Postural steadiness declines
• Increased risk of trips, slips and falls
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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 12
Flexibility and Joint Range of Motion
• Increase in response time for muscles to relax
• Decrease in number and size of muscle fibers
• Decrease in water content in tendons make tissues stiffer and more vulnerable• Decrease in elasticity of ligaments • Deterioration of cartilage in joints from wear and tear
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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 13
Learning and Memory
• Decline in short term memory, reasoning & processing speed
• Continued increase in long term memory, quantitative knowledge, depth & breadth of knowledge
• No change in ability to learn new tasks
• Increase in time & effort necessary to “encode” information but future retrieval same as for younger person
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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 14
Aging and Mental Function
Multi-Tasking
Working Memory
Names
Procedural
Memory
Meanings
of WordsPre
serv
edD
eclin
e
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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 15
Health, Safety and Aging
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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 16
Prevalence of Chronic Conditions
0 10 20 30 40 50
Percent of Adults 65+
Stroke
Diabetes
Any Cancer
Heart Disease
Arthritis
Hypertension
Data from National Health Interview Survey
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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 17
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Incidents per 100 FTE
15-17 18-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70+ Total:
Age GroupSource: Work-Related Injury Statistics Query System (http://www2.cdc.gov/risqs/default.asp)
Occupational Injuries Treated in U.S. Hospital Emergency Departments, 1999
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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 18
Nonfatal Construction Injury Rates by Age and Incident, 2006
41.6
10.3
89.1
48.5
7.1
78.1
51.9
11
53.2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
15-34 35-54 55+
Falls Transportation Contact with ObjectSource: 2006 Current Population Survey and Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses. Calculations by CPWR.
Inju
ry R
ate
per
10,
000
Wo
rker
s
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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 19Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Median Days Away From Work Due to Non-Fatal Workplace Injury, 2004
0 5 10 15 20
14-15
16-19
20-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65+
Days Away from Work
Ag
e G
rou
p
All-Ages
Median
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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 20
Work-Related Fatalities and Age
2.9
8.7
3.6
10.4
5.7
14.3
02
4
68
10
12
1416
Fatality Rate
(per 100,000 workers)
15-34 35-54 55+
Age Group
All Industries Construction
Source: 2007 Current Population Survey and Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. Calculations by CPWR.
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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 21
Fatal Fall Rates and Age(per 100,000 Workers)
00.2
0.40.6
0.81
1.21.4
1.61.8
16-19 20-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+
Age
Rate
Worker Deaths By Falls: A Summary of Surveillance Findings and Investigative Case Reports. NIOSH, 2000.
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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 22
Workers 55+
In the workforce*... 11%
89%
Fatal falls27%
73%
Fatal falls from ladders
42%
58%Worker Deaths By Falls: A Summary of Surveillance Findings and Investigative Case Reports. NIOSH, 2000.
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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 23
Work-Related Deaths in Construction1992-2005
0
100
200
300
400
500
1992 1995 1998 2001 2004
Year
# of Deaths
Fall to lower level Contact with electric currentHighway accident Struck by object
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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 24
Speed vs. Skill
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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 25
Skills
Experience
Institutional Knowledge
Lower Injury Rates
Chronic Conditions
Decreased Strength
Higher Injury Severity, Lost Time
Balancing Strengths and Weaknesses
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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 26
Rose’s Aging Challenges
Rose is aging. She has creaky knees and heart problems. She is also a very valuable resource for Yeats.
Should she keep working?
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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 27
Generations at Work
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Designing the Age Friendly Worksite 28
Young and Old on the Site Together
Carlos doesn’t always see eye-to-eye with his supervisors at work.
Is he just being difficult?…