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MODULE 4
ELEMENTS OF PLUMBING
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What is Plumbing?
Plumbing is the art and technique of installing
pipes, fixtures and other apparatuses in
buildings for bringing in the supply, liquids
substances and/or ingredients and removing
them; and such water, liquid and other carried
wastes hazardous to health, sanitation, life,
property, also the pipes and fixtures after
installation i.e., the plumbing system.
(Section 217.6 NPC 1999)
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What is a Plumbing System?
Plumbing Systemincludes all potable water
supply and distribution pipes, all plumbing
fixtures and traps; all sanitary and storm
drainage systems; vent pipes, roof drains,
leaders and downspouts, and all building drains
and sewers, including their respective joints andconnections; devices, receptacles, and
appurtenances within the property; water lines
in the premises; potable, tap, hot and chilled
water piping; potable water treating or usingequipment; fuel gas piping; water heaters and
vents for same.(Sec.217.12 NPC 1999)
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What are the major components of the
Plumbing System?
The system constitute the following:
1. Water supply & Distribution Systemcarries water from the water source, street main or apump to the building & to various points of use.
2. Plumbing FixturesThe receptacles that receive the supplied water &allow the building occupants to avail & use the water
3. Drainage, Waste & Vent
The piping network within the building which conveysfrom the plumbing fixtures all wastes and rainwaterto a treatment facility & point of disposal.
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TYPICAL PLUMBING
SYSTEM OF A TOILET AND
BATH
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Who is the Plumber?
ThePlumberis the one who works or
engages in the business of installing
in buildings the pipes, fixtures and
other apparatus for bringing in the
water supply and removing liquid and
waterborne wastes.
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What are the different categories of
Plumbers? There are 3 categories of plumbers:
1. Apprentice Plumber a beginner at the trade whousually serves for 3 to 5 years as a helper to ajourneyman.
2. Journeyman Plumber has served hisapprenticeship and is competent to perform the tasks of
installing and repairing the plumbing system.3. Master Plumber a person technically and legallyqualified and licensed to practice the profession ofmaster plumbing without limitations in accordance withR.A. 1378, having passed the examinations conducted
by the Professional Regulation Commission, hasreceived a Certificate of Registration from the Board ofMaster Plumbing and possesses the current License toPractice.(Sec. 214.5 NPC 1999)
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What is the Plumbing Code?
The Plumbing Code is manifestation of theright of the government to regulate thepractice of the plumbing profession basedon the principle of the protection of publichealth.
The basic goal of the National PlumbingCode of the Philippines is to ensure thequalified observance of the latestprovisions of the plumbing &environmental laws.
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What are the basic principles that
govern the National Plumbing Code of
the Philippines?
There are 22 basic principles of the 1999National Plumbing Code of the Philippines
which are updates of the tenets in thePlumbing Law of the Philippinesapproved on 18 June 1955 as amendedon 28 November 1959 and revised on 21December 1999.
The basic principles are as follows:
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Principle No. 1:
All premises intended
for human habitation,
occupancy or use
shall be provided with
a supply of pure andwholesome water,
neither connected
with unsafe supplies
nor subject to hazardsof backflow or back
siphonage.
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Principle No. 2: Plumbing fixtures,
devices and
appurtenances shall
be supplied with
water in sufficient
volume & at apressure adequate to
enable them to
function satisfactorily
& without undue noiseunder normal
conditions of use.
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Principle No. 3:
Plumbing shall be
designed and
adjusted to use the
minimum quantityof water consistent
with proper
performance and
cleaning.
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Principle No. 4:
Devices for heating
and storing water
shall be so
designed andinstalled as to
prevent dangers
from explosion
throughoverheating.
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Principle No. 5:
Every building havingplumbing fixtures
installed & intended for
human habitation,
occupancy or use onpremises abutting on a
street, alley or easementwhere there is a public
sewer, shall be
connected to the publicsewer system.
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Principle No. 6:
Each family dwelling unit on premises abutting
on a sewer or with a private sewage disposal
system shall have at least 1water closet & 1
kitchen-type sink. Further, a lavatory or bathtub
or shower shall be installed to meet the basic
requirement of sanitation & personal hygiene.
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Principle No. 7:
Plumbing fixtures
shall be made of
smooth non-
absorbent material,
free from
concealed fouling
surfaces & shall be
located in
ventilatedenclosures.
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Principle No. 8: The drainage
system shall be
designed,
constructed and
maintained to
safeguard against
fouling, deposit of
solids, cloggingand with adequate
cleanouts so
arranged that the
pipes might bereadily cleaned.
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Principle No. 9:
All piping of plumbingsystems shall be of
durable NAMPAP
APPROVED
materials, free fromdefective
workmanship,designed &
constructed by
Registered MasterPlumbers to ensure
satisfactory service.
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Principle No. 10:
Each fixture
directly connected
to the drainage
system shall beequipped with
water sealed
trap.
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Principle No. 11:
The drainage
piping system shall
be designed to
provide adequate
circulation of free
air from siphonage,
aspiration or
forcing of trap
seals underordinary use.
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Principle No. 12:
Vent terminals shall
extend to the outer air
and installed to
preempt clogging and
the return of foul air to
the building.
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Principle No. 13:
Plumbing systems shall be subjected to
such tests to effectively disclose all leaks
and defects in the workmanship.
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Principle No. 14:
No substance whichwill clog the pipes,
produce explosive
mixtures ,destroy the
pipes or their joints orinterfere unduly with
the sewage disposal
process shall be
allowed to enter the
building drainage
system.
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Principle No. 15:
Proper protection shall beprovided to prevent
contamination of food,
water, sterile goods &
similar materials bybackflow of sewage.
When necessary, thefixture, device or
appliance shall be
connected indirectly withthe building drainage
system.
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Principle No. 16:
No water closet shall be located in a room
or compartment which is not properlylighted or ventilated.
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Principle No. 17:
If water closets or otherplumbing fixtures areinstalled in buildingswhere there is no sewerwithin a reasonable
distance, suitableprovision shall be madefor disposing of thebuilding sewage by someaccepted method of
sewage treatment anddisposal, such as septictank.
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Principle No. 18:
Where a plumbing drainage system may be
subject to backflow of sewage, suitable provision
shall be made to prevent its overflow in the
building.
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Principle No. 19:
Plumbing systems shall be maintained in
serviceable condition by RegisteredMaster Plumbers.
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Principle No. 20:
All plumbing
fixtures shall
be properly
spaced, tobe
accessible
for their
intendeduse.
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Principle No. 21:
Plumbing shall be
installed by Registered
Master Plumbers with
due regard to the
preservation of thestrength of structural
members and the
prevention of damage to
walls and other surfacesthrough fixture usage.
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Principle No. 22: Sewage or other
waste from aplumbing system
which may bedeleterious tosurface or sub surface watersshall not be
discharge into theground or onto anywaterway, unlessfirst renderedinnocuous throughsubjection to someacceptable form oftreatment.
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