MODULE “PROJECT MANAGEMENTAND CONTROL”
RADIATION PROTECTION
SAFE DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”
Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci” 2
CONTENTS
1. Radiation protection program
2. Radiation protection measures during decommissioning
Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci” 3
TRAINING OBJECTIVES
Upon completion of training trainees should be able to: Describe the programme for radiation protection during
decommissioning. Describe the protective measures (technical and
organizational) during the implementation of the activities. Classify the types and periodicity of radiation control. List the measures for radiation protection improvement.
Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci” 4
RADIATION PROTECTION
Use of protective equipment for shielding Availability of sufficient qualified staff occupied with radiation
protection Train decommissioning staff on needed skills, qualification and
radiation protection methods Organizational housekeeping experience Division of reactor building into zones (areas) Provision of appropriate system allowing to maintain workers and
public doses as low as reasonably achievable Document all radiation protection measures and results of surveys
Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci” 5
CONTENTS OF CONCEPT AND RADIATION PROTECTION PROGRAMS
Measures to prevent exceeding of exposure doses Division of facility into zones (areas) Expected exposure evaluation Radiation control and facility site and environment investigation Monitoring and documenting of measurement results List of protective means and equipment to decrease ionizing radiation
impact List of technical means to measure radiation parameters Methods and means to decontaminate equipment and constructions Measures for RAW control and management Specific requirement for quality assurance Staff training
Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci” 6
KNPP RADIATION PROTECTION POLICY
Basic Norms for Radiation Protection and BSS-115 of IAEA
The ALARA principle Obligations of the workers Control in zones (areas) of ionizing radiation Appropriate organizational structure
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RADIATION PROTECTION OBJECTIVES
To maintain minimum but reasonably achieved level of individual and collective dose staff and population
To perform needed control of radioactive source To minimize radioactively contaminated surfaces,
equipment and staff To minimize radioactive waste generation
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RADIATION PROTECTION ORGANIZATION
Radiation protection policy Structures for:
• Staff dosimetric control;• Operative assurance of radiation protection;• Environment monitoring.
Radiation protection instructions Procedures and programs for radiation protection activities Records and archive of activities for radiation protection
assurance
Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci” 9
SPECIAL-PURPOSE INDICATORS FOR RADIATION PROTECTION ASSESSMENT
Annual collective dose (Man.mSv), outage or main activities
The highest annual individual dose Number of individuals who exceeded the administrative
limit Number of violations of radiation protection rules
Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci” 10
ORGANIZATIONAL AND TECHNICAL MEASURES TO ENSURE RADIATION PROTECTION
Sanitary places including hot shower Sanitary locks Control and marking of radioactive contaminated zones
(areas), rooms Fencing RAW control Supplementary special protective clothing Decontamination of special clothing and shoes Decontamination of floors and walls Sanitary and hygienic rules
Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci” 11
EXTERNAL RADIATION INDIVIDUAL DOSE MINIMIZATION
Control of current radiological conditions at the work place Planning of different activities Training and practice of workers with the help of models Use of procedures Remote control equipment is used Stay in rooms of higher level ionizing radiation is within
permissible limits Control of occupational doses
Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci” 12
MINIMIZATION OF RADIONUCLIDE INHALATION
Experience of workers, good understanding of the conditions, organization and qualified management of the works
Use of protective clothing covering the whole body; protection of respiratory organs
Continuous operation of ventilation system during implementation of works
Dust equipment in operation (if needed), with aerosol filters Control of current concentration of radioactive aerosols in the air and
measurement of summary beta and gamma activity
Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci” 13
LIMITATION OF CONTAMINATION SPREADING
Sanitary places prior to go into restricted area Fencing and tagging of work place and controlled area Storage and handling of RAW upon packing and/or
dumping in containers
Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci” 14
INDIVIDUAL PROTECTIVE MEANS
Standard special clothing:• Cotton underwear and socks;• Cotton overall and a cap;• Shoes.
Additional special clothing:• Gloves – made of latex or fabric;• Rubber impregnated overall for work
with chemicals and liquid RAW ofhigh activity;
• Rubber overshoes - galoshes;• Filter mask.
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TYPES AND PERIODICITY OF RADIATION CONTROL IN NPP
Continuous (permanent) RC:• Working media;• Technological process;• Individual dosimetry;• Radiation control of releases;• Environment radiation control;• Additional measurements.
24 – hour cycle of radiological control:• Working media;• Technological process;• Radiation control of releases.
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TYPES AND PERIODICITY OF RADIATION CONTROL IN NPP – CONTND.
Monthly cycle of radiation control:• Individual dosimetry;• Technological process.
Periodic radiation control:• Individual dosimetry;• Environment radiation control;• Technological process.
Radiation control during outage:• Environment radiation control.
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MONITORING AND CONTROL TO ENHANCE RADIATION PROTECTION
Documenting and research of radiological incidents Critical reviews to identify root causes of an issue Identification of radiation protection weak points Correction of identified issues by interference from
management
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REFERENCES
Decommissioning of Nuclear Power Plants and Research Reactors, Safety Guide, SS № WS-G-2.1 (1999)
International Basic Safety Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources, SS № 115 (1996)
Radiological Characterization of Shutdown Nuclear Reactors for Decommissioning Purposes, TRS № 389 (1998)
Regulation for the Safety of the Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities, 2004
Regulation for the Basic Norms for Radiation Protection, 2004
Safety rules. Radiation protection in Kozloduy NPP plc.