Moein Farshchian
Ph.D Candidate of Cell and Molecular Biology
*New Trends in Genetics
*GENOMICS: A “Discipline” Less than 25 Years OldVictor A. McKusick
* 1. Structural Genomics: Mapping and Sequencing Genomes
2. Comparative Genomics: Study of Conservation and Divergence of Genomes of Different Organisms
3. Functional Genomics: Development and Application of Global Approaches
to Assess Gene Function
Epigenetics
*Comparative Genomics
Olson et al., (2002)
Human vs. Great Apes
*Human Genome Project
*Naive Way of Extracting Genes
Same genome Different tissues
• Different physiology • Different proteome
•Different expression pattern
Anise swallowtail, Papilio zelicaon
The Dramatic Consequences of Gene Regulation in Biology
Eukaryotic Gene Structure
Figure 7-44 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)
*Cancer
Model Organisms In Cancer
Figure 7-77b Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)
Eye on leg in Drosophila
*Transgenic Mouse
*Overview of gene regulation by distant-acting
enhancers
*Clonal Hetrogeny in Tumor
Heterogenic Cell Populationin Tumor
Committed to Cancer
Metastasis
Ameboid Migration
Gene Expression Signature
Tumor Microenvironment
Cancer Related Genes
Systems Biology
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The incidence of cancer in non-human primates is very low.
-All examined human cancer genes (n=333) are present in chimpanzee, contain intact open reading frames and show a high degree of
conservation between both species (99.38%) -. Puente et al., (2006)
*Reprogramming of Genome
*Induced pluripotent Stem Cell (iPS Cells)
Ngn3, Pdx1, Mafa
Cellular Reprogramming Model
MODELS OF REPROGRAMMING
* Nature Review Cancer, April 2007
*Gene Therapy
*Thanks