Download - Monocots II Sedges have edges Rushes are round Grasses have nodes from the top to the ground
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Monocots II
Sedges have edgesRushes are round
Grasses have nodes from the top to the ground
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General flowers
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Juncaceae - Rush family
• Perennial herbs
• Spiral, sheathing leaves
• Trimerous flowers
• Actinomorphic flowers
• Loculicidal capsule
• 7 genera / 430 species
P 3+3 [2+2 or 3] A 3+3 [3+0 or 2] G (3), superior, hypanthium absent
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Juncus acutus
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Juncus bufonius
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Juncus dubius
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Juncus dubius
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Juncus phaeocephalus
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Cyperaceae – Sedge Family
• Sedges have edges• BUT, Scripus (Bulrush) has very
round stems• Bristles or hairs in place of sepals
and petals• Fruit is an achene or a nutlet and
lens-shaped or triangular• 90 genera and 4000 species
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Cyperaceae
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Cyperaceae
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Cyperus papyrus - papyrus
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Eleocharis dulcis – water chestnut
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Poaceae - Grass family
• Hollow-pithed stems
• Open-sheathed, distichous leaves
• Ligule may be present at inner junction with blade
• Grass spikelet
• = axis + two basal glumes + 1-∞ florets
• Floret = short lateral axis + lemma + palea + flower
• Fruit is a caryopsis (grain).
• 668 genera / 9,500 species
P 2-3 lodicules A 2-3 (pendulous) G (2-3)
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1) Agricultural grains (most important food in world):
barley (Hordeum)
corn (Zea)
oats (Avena)
rice (Oryza)
rye (Secale)
wheat (Triticum);
2) forage and grazing plants;
3) important components of many ecosystems, such as grasslands and savannahs.
Economic Importance
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distichousleaf
arrangement
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open sheath
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ligule
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Bambusa spp. - Bamboo
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Fruit is a caryopsis
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Achnatherum coronatum
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Agrostis pallens
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Arundo donax Invasive
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Avena barbata
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Avena fatua – Wild Oats
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Bromus tectorum – Cheatgrass Invasive
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Cortaderia selloana – Pampas Grass
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Cynodon dactylonBermuda Grass