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Multiphase flow studies with
tomometric techniques for
identifying
flow regimesAn interesting interplay of Tomography/ Tomometry
Saba Mylvaganam
Faculty of Technology
University College of Southeast Norway
21/12/2016 1
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Terminology- Technolgy
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Tomography
ECT, ERT,EIT etc
Gamma, X-Ray, Tera-Hertz etc.
Tomometry
ECTm, ERTm,EITm
E – Electrical, C- Capacitance, R- Resistane
I- Impedance
Depends permittivity, conductivity,
permeability etc.
Also radiation based tomometry
Tomography and
Tomometry as
complimentary
techniques
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Fig. 3. Illustrating the difference between in-line, online, and at-line product measurements during manufacturing.
Anneleen Burggraeve, Tinne Monteyne, Chris Vervaet, Jean Paul Remon, Thomas De Beer
Process analytical tools for monitoring, understanding, and control of pharmaceutical fluidized bed granulation: A review
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Volume 83, Issue 1, 2013, 2–15
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.09.008
On-line, In-Line and At-Line
INTRODUCTION
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Anneleen Burggraeve, Tinne Monteyne, Chris Vervaet, Jean Paul Remon, Thomas De Beer
Process analytical tools for monitoring, understanding, and control of pharmaceutical fluidized bed granulation: A review
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Volume 83, Issue 1, 2013, 2–15
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.09.008
Real Time Process Sensors / Data Fusion
INTRODUCTION
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Non-Invasive Techniques in
Medicine and Industries
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Beginning of tomography/tomometry?
• Stethoscope - acoustic medical device
• Listening - acoustic water leakage
detection
• Empty/full vessel with «knocking» and
frequency based detection etc.
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Oil & Gas Journal August 1990
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ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS DETECT SAND IN
NORTH SEA FLOW LINES08/27/1990
Trond Folkestad, Kanaga S. Mylvaganam
Chr. Michelsen Institute
Bergen, Norway
Clamp-on acoustic emission (AE) transducers have
been developed for detecting sand in flow lines on
offshore oil producing platforms.
Sand production is determined by using the
integrated value of measured noise generated by
collisions of sand particles on the pipe wall.
INTRODUCTION
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Non-invasive Sand- detection
and monitoring with AE
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AE – Acoustic Emssion
INTRODUCTION
Courtesy – Roxar
Emersons Process Management
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Sensor Data Fusion
Another Perspective
Gedanken-experiment
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Sensor Related Matrix
Electrical Modalities:
V = IR C = QV V = L di/dt
Radiation – Modalities: dsyx,μ exp II if
S can be R - Resistance, C – Capacitance,
L – Inductance. Z – Impedance, Attenuation
RAMAN, IR, FTIR, NIR, Gamma, MR, AAS,AFS,
XRD,XPS, Terahertz), camera etc.
μ
Gedanken-experiment
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1610Courtesy : Krohne
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IDENTIFICATIONIMAGING
11
TWO ROUTES FOR MULTIPHASE FLOW STUDY
1. Introduction ⇾ 2. Experiments ⇾ 3. Flow Regime Identification⇾ 4. Conclusion
Images of two-phase flows,
with high speed cameraCategorization of fully-developed two-phase flows
into flow regimes
Adapted from D. O. Bratland, "Example of steady-state
flow regime map for a horizontal pipe," ed, 2010.
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On Multiphase Flow Studies
Based on
Pradeep, Chaminda; Yan, Ru; Vestøl, Sondre; Melaaen,
Morten Christian; Mylvaganam, Saba. ‘Electrical
capacitance tomography (ECT) and gamma radiation meter
for comparison with and validation and tuning of CFD
modelling of multiphase flow.' : Transactions of IOP journal
of Measurement science and technology, Vol:25, Issue: 7,
March 2014 pp: 075404-075411.
Fusion of Gamma radiation Measurement, ECT, High Speed
Camera – An interesting interplay of Tomography/
Tomometry
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IDENTIFICATIONIMAGING
15
Images of two-phase flows,
with high speed cameraCategorization of fully-developed two-phase flows
into flow regimes
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16
Set of 72 experiments and the identified flow regimes superimposed on map by Mandhane (1974)
From Dupré A., Ricciard, G., Bourennane S., Mylvaganam S. (2016) Identification of flow regimes
using raw EIT measurements. 8th World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Brazil.
Transitions are fuzzy, visual assessment of flow regime is complex
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Various Stages of Fluidisation
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1617Crowe, C. T. (2006). Multiphase flow handbook. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press.
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Electrical Capacitance Tomography for
Powder Flow Studies
Axial velocity
Transverse component of velocity
Estimate the solid flowrate
Number concentration of particulate passing
through cross sectional area
Estimate the particle size to understand the
segregation phenomena.
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Flow High Speed Digital Camera
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Pneumatic transfer – Some issues
Dilute phase Vertical Pneumatic Transport System
Flow monitoring
Particle sizing
Segregation
Non intrusive Instrumentation technique
Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT)
Laser Doppler Anemometry(LDA)
Acoustic Emission
Computational fluid dynamic simulation(CFD)
High Speed Camera
Signal Processing
Correlation20/12/2016 20
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Some Results from
Tomography / Tomometry
Most of the results in the following seven slides on particulate
flow are based on the following publication
Urmila Datta , Thomas Dyokowski, Saba Mylvaganam,
Estimation of Particulate Velocity Components in
Pneumatic Transport Using Pixel Based Correlation with
Dual Plane ECT, The Chemical Engineering Journal,
130(2):87-99 · June 2007 ·
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Axial velocity using ECT and LDA
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Velocity profile over the cross section by ECT
and LDA method with error bar for different inlet air velocity
Solid velocity distribution measured at
different air velocity by LDA method.
Solid velocity distribution measured by ECT
at different air velocity
Variation of average particulate velocity with
inlet air velocity by ECT and LDA method
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Pixel Based Correlation Algorithm
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Interrogation window
Correlation
Correlation peak
Velocity
Tomography/Tomometry
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Case Studies
Rotational Movement of An Object In
Sensor Plane
Flow in Horizontal Channel
Flow in Vertical Channel
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Flow in Horizontal Channel
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Transverse velocity vector plot of 100th frame
Magnitude of transverse velocity of 100th frame.
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Transverse velocity using ECT and LDA
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
-27 -25 -23 -21 -19 -17 -15 -13 -11 -9 -7 -5 -3 -1 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27
Radial position[mm]
Tra
ns
verse v
elo
cit
y c
om
po
ne
nt[
m/s
]
12.73m/s
12.48m/s
11.97m/s
11.48m/s
11.23m/s
10.98m/s
10.49m/s
10.2m/s
9.98m/s
9.48m/s
8.98m/s
8.73m/s
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Transverse component of solid velocity at different superficial
Velocity by ECT and LDA method
Transverse component of solid velocity distribution by
LDA method
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ECT AND OTHER MODALITIES
Some of the following results wre presentd in
University of Southeast Norway during the guest
lecture by Dr. Daniel J. Holland
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Three-dimensional capacitance sensor with three planes and four electrodes in each plane.
Published in: D. J. Holland; Q. Marashdeh; C. R. Müller; F. Wang; J. S. Dennis; L.-S. Fan; L. F. Gladden; Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2009, 48, 172-
181.
DOI: 10.1021/ie8002073
Copyright © 2008 American Chemical Society
Triple Plane 3D Capacitance Sensor
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Snapshot ECVT measurements of the gas and solids distribution in the x−y plane at a superficial gas velocity of 0.04 m s−1.
The images shown were extracted from a full 3D data set and were taken for a slice located in the center of the capacitance
sensor. The field of view was 50 mm × 50 mm × 90 mm, and 20 × 20 × 20 voxels, giving an apparent resolution of 2.5 mm
× 2.5 mm × 4.5 mm. The acquisition time was 12.5 ms, and every second frame is shown such that the data may be
compared with the MR data shown in Figure 7.
Published in: D. J. Holland; Q. Marashdeh; C. R. Müller; F. Wang; J. S. Dennis; L.-S. Fan; L. F. Gladden; Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2009, 48, 172-
181.
DOI: 10.1021/ie8002073
Copyright © 2008 American Chemical Society
ECVT Snapshot of gas/solids distribution
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Snapshot MR measurements of the gas and solids distribution in the x−y plane at a superficial gas velocity of 0.04 m s−1. The
field of view was 60 mm × 60 mm, and 32 × 16 voxels. The data were zero-filled to 32 × 32 pixels, giving an apparent
resolution of 1.9 mm × 1.9 mm. The slice thickness was 2 mm and was located 280 mm above the distributor. The acquisition
time was 26 ms.
Published in: D. J. Holland; Q. Marashdeh; C. R. Müller; F. Wang; J. S. Dennis; L.-S. Fan; L. F. Gladden; Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2009, 48, 172-
181.
DOI: 10.1021/ie8002073
Copyright © 2008 American Chemical Society
MRI Snapshot of gas/solids distribution
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Comparison of the voidage measured using ECVT (dotted lines) and MRI (solid lines) at gas velocities of 0.04 (black) and 0.10
m s−1 (gray). All four profiles were taken along a line through the center of the imaging region, 280 mm above the distributor.
Published in: D. J. Holland; Q. Marashdeh; C. R. Müller; F. Wang; J. S. Dennis; L.-S. Fan; L. F. Gladden; Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2009, 48, 172-
181.
DOI: 10.1021/ie8002073
Copyright © 2008 American Chemical Society
Voidage ECVT vs. MRI