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Multiplication from the
Ages
Mrs. Fox
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Multiplication has been dated Multiplication has been dated back to 2300 BC in many places back to 2300 BC in many places
around the globe from around the globe from Mesopotamia to Europe, Asia Mesopotamia to Europe, Asia
and the United Statesand the United StatesDifferent methods Different methods of multiplication of multiplication have been used have been used
through the through the centuriescenturies
Some are common Some are common to us and some are to us and some are
bizarrebizarreSome have Some have interesting interesting
trivia to go with trivia to go with themthem
Let’s Let’s take a take a look !look !
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Akkadians and Sumerians
Invented the
Abacus
add
subtract
divide
2300 BC Mesopotamia
multiply
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Old Babylonian Period
2000 BC Archeologist unearthed stone tablets much like
our current multiplication
tables
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Gomutrika
11th Century Indian
Translation – trajectory of a cow’s urine ?????
3 4 5 2
1 4 5 2
5 4 5 2
1 3 5 6 4 5 2
2 2 6 0 1 4 2 3 8 0
3 X 452
1 X 452
5 X 452++
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Rome
Multiplication with fingers
Not really multiplication
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Ancient Egyptian
Multiplication
Add the “yes” Add the “yes” doublesdoubles
14
28
56
+224
14 X 23
322
DoublDouble this e this digitdigit
1414
2828
5656
112112
224224
Halve Halve this this digitdigit
2323
1111
55
22
11
Odd? Odd?
YesYes
YesYes
YesYes
yesyes
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Jalousia
European Leonardo of Pisa
Lattice
Gelosia
Italian men would place this grid over their
windows to keep strangers from staring at their
wives
Iron Grid
3 3 2211
552233
11
0011
5544
88 00
32 X 15 = 32 X 15 = 480480
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Spanish1500’s
875x978=85575875x978=8557500 875/97875/97
888x98x9 8x78x78x88x8
7x97x97x77x77x7x885x5x995x5x775x5x88
726460726460 56956955 45454343
855750855750
63563544
Can you Can you figure figure
this one this one out?out?
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Napier’s Bones
1600’s England
Scottsman with way too much
time on his hands makes
one of the first know calculators
from animal bones
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Russian Peasant Multiplication
9 X 8
9
18
36
72
8
4
2
1
Double this numeral Halve this numeral
When the right When the right side = 1side = 1
The left side is The left side is the answerthe answer
72
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TraditionalTraditional
2020thth century century 2323
X 43X 43
6969
9292++
989989
Multiply 23 X 3Multiply 23 X 3
Multiply 23 X 40Multiply 23 X 40
Add the two Add the two productsproducts
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CalculatorCalculator
Today’s Today’s modern modern miraclemiracle
Push buttonsPush buttons
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References
www.noisefactory.co.uk/mathshistorywww.noisefactory.co.uk/mathshistory
www.multiplication.comwww.multiplication.com
www.triviumpublishing.comwww.triviumpublishing.com
www.maxon.comwww.maxon.com
www.mathforum.orgwww.mathforum.org
www.pde.org/standardswww.pde.org/standards
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Pa Math Standards
2.1.4.E – Apply factors and multiples to represent larger numbers in various ways
2.2 – Computation and EstimationM4.A.2 – Understanding the meaning of operations, use operations and understand how they relate to each other