Muscular UnitMuscular Unit
Muscle:Muscle:Definition:Definition:
– Type of Type of tissue able to tissue able to shorten or shorten or contract and contract and move a body move a body part.part.
Functions:Functions:
– MovementMovement– PosturePosture– HeatHeat
Muscle facts:Muscle facts: Over Over muscles muscles
Sheath – Sheath –
Tendons – Tendons –
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outer coveringouter covering
muscle to bonemuscle to bone
Muscle facts:Muscle facts: Muscles are named by:Muscles are named by:
LocationLocationShapeShapeFunction (movement)Function (movement)Point of attachmentPoint of attachment
Sterno-cleido-mastoid
Pectoralis Major
Obliques
Rectus Abdominis
Masseter
Trapezius
Deltoids
Biceps
Flexors
Quadriceps
Tibialis Anterior
Sartorius
TricepsLatissimus Dorsi
Gluteus Maximus
Extensors
Hamstrings
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Muscle typesMuscle typesSkeletalSkeletal
CardiacCardiac
SmoothSmooth
Skeletal (striated) muscle:Skeletal (striated) muscle:
Voluntary ControlVoluntary Control You controlYou control
Used in movement and exerciseUsed in movement and exercise
Examples:Examples:Biceps, Abdominals
Quadriceps,
Smooth (Visceral) muscle:Smooth (Visceral) muscle:
Involuntary muscleInvoluntary muscle you can you can notnot move move
Internal organs and blood Internal organs and blood vesselsvessels
Examples:Examples:Digestive tract, Urinary tract,
Stomach, Esophagus
Cardiac muscle:Cardiac muscle:
Involuntary muscleInvoluntary muscle You can not control.You can not control.
Found in the heart. Found in the heart.
Example:Example: heartheart
(Myocardium)
How muscles work:How muscles work:
Stimulation/use =Stimulation/use =
Muscle fiber development is when Muscle fiber development is when muscles become bigger and better muscles become bigger and better reacting.reacting.
Carbohydrates are changed into an Carbohydrates are changed into an energy rich compound calledenergy rich compound called
fiber developmentfiber development
ATP.ATP.
How muscles work (cont’d):How muscles work (cont’d):
ATP (energy) + Oxygen =ATP (energy) + Oxygen =
ATP (energy) + no Oxygen =ATP (energy) + no Oxygen =
A build up of Lactic Acid will A build up of Lactic Acid will causecause
Water and Carbon Dioxide
Lactic Acid
Muscle Cramps
Muscle MovementsMuscle Movements FlexionFlexion
– decrease decrease angleangle
ExtensionExtension– Increase angleIncrease angle
Muscle MovementsMuscle Movements AbductionAbduction
Movement away Movement away from the centerfrom the center
AdductionAdductionMovement Movement towards the towards the centercenter
Muscle MovementsMuscle Movements PronationPronation
Palms downwardPalms downward
SupinationSupinationPalms Palms upward/forwardupward/forward
RotationRotationTurningTurning
Origins – InsertionsOrigins – Insertionsand Functionsand Functions
Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-Function
Sterno-Sterno-Cleido-Cleido-mastoidmastoid
ClavicleClavicle
SternumSternum
CraniumCranium RotatesRotatesheadhead
NAME ORIGIN INSERTION MOVEMENT
Sternocleidomastoid
ORIGIN
INSERTION
Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-Function
Sterno-Sterno-Cleido-Cleido-mastoidmastoid
ClavicleClavicle
SternumSternum
CraniumCranium RotatesRotatesheadhead
TrapeziusTrapezius VertebraVertebra ColumnColumn ScapulaScapula Lifts the Lifts the
scapulascapula
NAME ORIGIN INSERTION MOVEMENT
ORIGIN
INSERTION
TRAPEZIUS
Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-FunctionNAME ORIGIN INSERTION MOVEMENT
DeltoidClavicle
ScapulaHumerus
Extends
Humerus
ORIGIN
INSERTION
DELTOID
Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-Function
DeltoidDeltoid ClavicleClavicleScapulaScapula
HumeruHumeruss
Extends Extends
HumerusHumerus
NAME ORIGIN INSERTION MOVEMENT
PectoralisPectoralis
MajorMajorSternumSternum HumerusHumerus
MovementMovement
of Humerusof Humerus
INSERTION
ORIGIN
PECTORALISMAJOR
Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-Function
DeltoidDeltoid ClavicleClavicleScapulaScapula
HumerusHumerus ExtendinExtendingghumerushumerus
PectoraliPectoralissMajorMajor
SternumSternum HumerusHumerus MovemeMovement ofnt ofhumerushumerus
NAME ORIGIN INSERTION MOVEMENT
BicepBicep ScapulaScapula RadiusRadius
UlnaUlna
FlexionFlexionof of ForearmForearm
BICEPS
INSERTION
ORIGIN
View: From the Front
Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-FunctionNAME ORIGIN INSERTION MOVEMENT
TricepsTricepsScapulaScapula
HumerusHumerusUlnaUlna
ExtensionExtensionofofForearmForearm
View: From the Back
ORIGIN
TRICEPS
INSERTION
Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-FunctionNAME ORIGIN INSERTION MOVEMENT
TricepsTricepsScapulaScapula
HumerusHumerusUlnaUlna
Extension Extension ofofForearmForearm
LatissimusLatissimus
DorsiDorsi VertebraeVertebrae HumerusHumerusMovementMovementofofHumerusHumerus
ORIGIN
INSERTION
LATISSIMUS
DORSI
Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-FunctionNAME ORIGIN INSERTION MOVEMENT
TricepsTricepsScapulaScapula
HumerusHumerusUlnaUlna
Extension Extension ofofForearmForearm
LatissimusLatissimus
DorsiDorsi VertebraeVertebrae HumerusHumerusMovementMovementofofHumerusHumerus
RectusRectus
AbdominisAbdominis
Ribs/Ribs/
SternumSternumPubisPubis
Flexion ofFlexion of
TrunkTrunk
INSERTION
RECTUS
ABDOMINIS
ORIGIN
Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-FunctionNAME ORIGIN INSERTION MOVEMENT
Internal/Internal/
ExternalExternalObliquesObliques
Trunk Trunk
RotationRotation
INTERNAL
OBLIQUES
EXTERNAL
OBLIQUES
Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-FunctionNAME ORIGIN INSERTION MOVEMENT
Internal/Internal/
ExternalExternalObliquesObliques
Trunk Trunk
RotationRotation
GluteusGluteus
MaximusMaximusPelvisPelvis FemurFemur
HipHip
ExtensionExtension
ORIGIN
INSERTION
GLUTEUS
MAXIMUS
Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-FunctionNAME ORIGIN INSERTION MOVEMENT
Internal/Internal/
ExternalExternalObliquesObliques
Trunk Trunk
RotationRotation
GluteusGluteus
MaximusMaximusPelvisPelvis FemurFemur
HipHip
ExtensionExtension
HamstringsHamstrings
(Biceps Femoris)(Biceps Femoris)PelvisPelvis
TibiaTibia
FibulaFibula
Leg Leg
FlexionFlexion
ORIGINORIGIN
INSERTIONINSERTION
HAMSTRINGSHAMSTRINGS
Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-FunctionNAME
QuadricepsQuadriceps IliumIlium
FemurFemur
TibiaTibia ExtendsExtends
Lower LegLower Leg
QUADRICEPSINSERTION
ORIGIN
Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-Function
QuadricepsQuadriceps IliumIlium
FemurFemurTibiaTibia Lower leg Lower leg
extensionextension
NAME
Gastroc-Gastroc-
nemiusnemiusFemurFemur TarsalsTarsals FootFoot
ExtensionExtension
GASTROCNEMIUS
ORIGIN
INSERTIONtoes
Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-Function
QuadricepsQuadriceps IliumIlium
FemurFemurTibiaTibia Lower leg Lower leg
extensionextension
Gastroc-Gastroc-
NemiusNemiusFemurFemur TarsalsTarsals Foot Foot
extensionextension
NAME
TibialisTibialis
AnteriorAnteriorTibiaTibia
TarsalsTarsals
MetatarsalsMetatarsals
FootFoot
FlexionFlexion
ORIGIN
INSERTION
TIBIALIS
ANTERIOR
toes
Muscular Muscular System System
DisordersDisorders
Muscle CrampsMuscle Cramps
A. Muscle contracts, but will not relax.A. Muscle contracts, but will not relax.
B. Lactic Acid build-up occurs during B. Lactic Acid build-up occurs during strenuous exercise.strenuous exercise.
C. These methods will help prevent C. These methods will help prevent muscle cramps: warm-up, watermuscle cramps: warm-up, water
D. Relax, rub, and massage the D. Relax, rub, and massage the muscle to relieve the pain.muscle to relieve the pain.
Muscle StrainMuscle Strain
A. Overstretching of a muscle.A. Overstretching of a muscle.
B. Improperly warming-up.B. Improperly warming-up.
C. Proper warm-up and regular C. Proper warm-up and regular exercise can help prevent strains.exercise can help prevent strains.
D. Ice and rest.D. Ice and rest.
Muscle TearMuscle Tear
A. The tendon is torn from the bone.A. The tendon is torn from the bone.
B. Sudden pull on a muscle. B. Sudden pull on a muscle.
D. Ice, rest and sometimes surgery. D. Ice, rest and sometimes surgery.
C. Proper warm-up and regular C. Proper warm-up and regular exercise will help prevent muscle exercise will help prevent muscle pulls.pulls.
TendinitisTendinitis
A. Inflamed tendon A. Inflamed tendon
B. Repeated stress or irritation to the B. Repeated stress or irritation to the tendon. tendon.
C. Proper warm-up and regular exercise.C. Proper warm-up and regular exercise.
D. Ice and rest.D. Ice and rest.
HerniaHernia
A. Tear in the muscle layer of the abdomen. A. Tear in the muscle layer of the abdomen. The intestines press through causing a The intestines press through causing a
bulge.bulge.
B. Caused by sudden pressure at a weak B. Caused by sudden pressure at a weak spot in the abdominal cavity.spot in the abdominal cavity.
C. Proper toning and proper lifting.C. Proper toning and proper lifting.
D. Wearing a support, surgery.D. Wearing a support, surgery.
Muscular DystrophyMuscular Dystrophy
A. Gradual destruction of muscle fiber, A. Gradual destruction of muscle fiber, which causes the muscles to become which causes the muscles to become useless.useless.
B. Cause is unknown, but it is hereditary.B. Cause is unknown, but it is hereditary.
C. Regular exercise. No preventions. C. Regular exercise. No preventions.
D. Medicines, physical therapy.D. Medicines, physical therapy.
Get UP and Get UP and
MOVE!!MOVE!!
Use it or Use it or lose it!!lose it!!
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