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Myers’ EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed)
Chapter 13
Psychological Disorders
Modified from:James A. McCubbin, PhD
Clemson University
Worth Publishers
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Psychological Disorders
Psychological Disorder “Harmful dysfunction” in which behavior judged to be:AtypicalDisturbingMaladaptiveUnjustifiable
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Perspectives on Psychological Disorders
Medical Model Concept that diseases have physical
causes Assumes “mental” illnesses diagnosed on
basis of symptoms, treated & possibly cured through therapy, may include treatment in psychiatric hospital
Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective Assumes that biological, socio-cultural, &
psychological factors combine & interact to produce psychological disorders
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Classifying Psychological Disorders
DSM-IV (DSM-IV-TR) American Psychiatric Association’s
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th Edition)
Widely used system for classifying psychological disorders
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Anxiety Disorders
Distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety
Generalized Anxiety Disorder Tense, apprehensive & in state of
autonomic nervous system arousal
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Anxiety Disorders Panic Disorder
Minutes-long episode of intense dread Experience terror & accompanying chest
pain, choking, or other frightening sensation
Phobia Persistent, irrational fear of specific
object/situation Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) &/or actions (compulsions)
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Dissociative Disorders Conscious awareness becomes
separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, & feelings
Dissociative Identity Disorder (formerly multiple personality disorder) Rare dissociative disorder in which
exhibits 2 or more distinct & alternating personalities
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Personality Disorders Characterized by inflexible &
enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning Usually without anxiety, depression, or
delusions Antisocial Personality Disorder
Disorder in which exhibits lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends & family
May be aggressive & ruthless or clever con artist
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Mood Disorders
Characterized by emotional extremes
Major Depressive Disorder For no apparent reason, experience
2 or more weeks of depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, & diminished interest or pleasure in most activities
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Mood Disorders
Manic Episode Marked by a hyperactive, wildly
optimistic state Bipolar Disorder (formerly manic-
depressive disorder) Alternate between hopelessness &
lethargy of depression & overexcited state of mania
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Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia (“split mind”) Group of severe disorders characterized
by: disorganized & delusional thinking disturbed perceptions inappropriate emotions & actions
Positive vs. negative symptoms
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Schizophrenia
Delusions False beliefs, often of persecution
or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders
Hallucinations Sensory experiences without
sensory stimulation
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Schizophrenia
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Rates of Psychological Disorders