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AquaponicsMyron Kebus and Nicole Nietlisbach
Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection 2811 Agriculture Dr., Madison, Wisconsin 53708
School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Fish are needed but don’t generate bulk of revenues• Vegetables depend on fish for nutrients
• 90% of revenues are generated by vegetable sales
• Fish health problems draw labor resources from vegetables
• Moribund or dead fish look bad (appearance is important because public visits these farms)• Perception drives higher prices received for vegetables
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Veterinary Perspective
•Less regulatory more production medicine
•Smaller numbers of fish so more individual medicine
•Challenge is to connect fish health to productive vegetable production
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“Tilapia are bullet-proof”
• “Unlike other fish species”
• “Easy to grow”
• “Don’t get sick”
• “Can’t kill ‘em”
•Yeah - Not
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Streptococcus iniae1996 coelomic distension, peritonitis, pericarditis, exophthalmia
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New Disease Syndromes (2016)
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Epitheilocystic
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Assessed 6 Tilapia Aquaponic Farms from 2016 to 2018
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Redhead Syndrome
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Where do you start?
• History
• Physical exam
• Skin scrapes and gill mounts for ectoparasites
• Bacterial testing
• Viral testing
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Red Body Syndrome
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Signs of Bacterial Hemorrhagic Septicemia?
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Began with new farmers experiencing tilapia mortalities
• 40% cumulative mortalities in 3-5 month old fish
• Red raised skin lesions in near market adults
• 75-78 F tank temperature
• Relatively good water quality• Oxygen
• Ammonia
• Nitrite
• CO2
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Francisellosis
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Francisellosis
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Francisellosis
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Francisellosis
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Francisellosis
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Francisella noatunensis
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Superfast Purge Tank Syndrome
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Superfast Purge Tank Syndrome
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Aeromonas sobria/ veronii
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“Exploding Brian Syndrome”
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Old Big Fatty Tilapia Syndrome
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Old Big Fatty Tilapia Syndrome
• High protein, high fat diets
• Cool water temperature
• > 2 year old fish
• Intentionally over-feed to “feed” vegetables
• Limited swimming
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Bacterial Hemorrhagic Septicemia
• Aeromonas hydrophila
• Edwardsiella tarda
• Pasteurella multocida
• Pseudomonas flourescens
• Vibrio species
• Streptococcus agalactiae
• Streptococcus iniae
• Francisella noatunensis
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“Tilapia Lake Virus?” producer
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Most all have ectoparasites at high levels
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Pale livers
• Why pale?• Excess protein and or fat in diet (high for benefit of
vegetable production)
• Why does it matter?• Prone to secondary infections
• Reduced survival
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Thoughts• Limited pathogen testing
• Not testing for major pathogens, testing for less significant or salmonid pathogens in tilapia
• Quarantine for small farm not included in design of facility• trichodina, gyrodactylus, and dactylogyrus in all farms
• Aquaponics are very good potential beneficiaries of veterinary service• Very receptive to help - more than established farmers
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More Thoughts
• Feeding strategies contribute to obesity, hepatic lipidosis, slow growth rates
• Aquaponics is in the proving stage• If fish health remains problematic hydroponics will be
pursued instead
• Fish don’t contribute much to revenues, but still impact profitability of entire system• Vegetables generate revenues, fish break-even at best
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Questions?
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List of Tilapia Diseases• Aeromona sp.
• Streptococcus #1
• Epitheilocystis
• Costia/Ichthyoboda
• Mycobacteria
• Francisella #2
• Iridovirus
• Columnaris, Flavobacterium columnare
• Edwardsiella ictaluri
• Betanodavirus
• Viral encephalitis novel herpes virsus
• Co-infections