Nairobi, Kenya, 26 – 27July 2010
EMF MEASURING IN KENYA
Derick simiyu khamaliCompliance and Enforcement Officer
Communications Commission of Kenya
ITU-T Workshop on Delivering Good Quality Telecommunication Service
in a Safe Environment in Africa (Nairobi, Kenya, 26 July – 27 July 2010 )
Nairobi, Kenya, 26 – 27 July 2010 2
Introduction
Kenya has a Memorandum of understanding between
Radiation Protection Board (RPB) and Communications
Commission of Kenya (CCK) to address issues of RF
Emissions from telecommunications infrastructure.
CCK and RPB have adopted various ways to deliver on
this mandate through field monitoring & measurements
The basis is on the reports received from NEMA on EIA
any other complaint from the Public or perceived.
Non Ionising Radiation Measurements - NIR
The Commission measures EMF Radiation levels from Communication installations country wide.The aim is to ascertain the performance by different operators in view of human safety, health and environmental welfare.This is done by Random sampling and visits to several masts/towers and antenna installations.
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Why NIR Monitoring
Due to public concern after the Commission licensed
more GSM operators who rolled out their network by
building towers all over to satisfy growing demand.
The resistance that operators were facing from the
public whenever they wanted to establish new
installations especially in residential places.
Due to corporate responsibility to ensure quality
telecommunication services are delivered in a safe and
healthy environment.
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Objectives of NIR Monitoring
To ascertain public safety as part of the
consumer protection obligations.
To assure and alleviate any public fears
whenever installations are coming up.
To support the operators and ensure
network roll out is not hampered.
Common Concerns and Areas of Interest:
Markets and shopping malls.
Schools, hospitals, sports grounds and other
public amenities.
Residential areas
Protected zones like Embassies, military
and other sensitive facilities.
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Final Reports
These are filed in the inspection reports
file and also kept in soft copy.
Each case stays as an open case until
follow-ups on compliance are finalized.
Future inspections are pegged on the
basis filed and any new developments.
FIELD DATA COLLECTION
The Following procedure is adopted:
1. Initial field strength & site review is done in the office
prior to site visit using EIA reports received from NEMA.
Adhoc sites are managed on the ground.
2. Line of sight is established on ground w.r.t antenna
Azimuth & measurement points are determined using a
compass & GPS
3. Normally two points are selected at about 100m and
200m from the base of the mast
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Results
Data collected is analysed using
specialised software and the reports are
automatically generated.
The results are compared with WHO &
ICNIRP Thresholds to determine site
Compliance & Non Compliance.
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Field work
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MONITORING TOOLS
The Commission uses the following tools:
1. RAHAM – Radaition Hazard Metre
2.Spectrum Analyzer – FSH 18
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A
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Raham - (Radiation Hazard Metre)
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RAHAM PERFORMANCE
The Raham has two antenna Probes with gauges
for 18GHz and 48 GHz.
The measurements are taken by pointing the probe
to the antenna/mast.
The measurements take 6 minutes and are
recorded in terms of power density – W/m.
The system can also be set manually to report
other parameters and units.04/10/23 21:27 14
RAHAM SET UP
One key component is the GPS that records the
geographical data of every site and point
visited.
The Raham has two antenna Probes Covering
different Ranges of the frequency spectrum.
A) Ranges from 100KHz to 3 GHz
B) Ranges from 3GHz to 18GHz.
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Raham main frame and probes
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B
Nairobi, Kenya, 26 – 27 July 2010 17
Spectrum Analyzer (Main Frame)
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SPECTRUM ANALYZER
The Commission uses FSH 18 model
from Rhode and Schwartz.
The spectrum range monitored is from
9KHz to 7.5GHz.
The unit has five antennas to fit this
range as detailed in other slides below.
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FSH 18 PERFORMANCE
The measurements are taken by pointing the
probe to the suspect source - antenna/mast.
The measurements are taken instantaneously
and with respect to the specific operator
frequencies.
The data collected is analysed to ascertain
compliance.
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Spectrum Analyzer (Mounted A)
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Spectrum Analyzer (Mounted B)
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Antenna (0.5 – 7.5 GHz)
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Antenna (200-500MHz)
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Antenna (9KHz-20MHz)
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Antenna (20-200MHz)
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Antenna (DOME)
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Industrial area
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Informal Settlement and school
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Multiple Residential Installations
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School Compound
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Kinder-garden site works
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Thank you!