BasicChemistry—FinalExam 1
Name:________________________________
Studentnumber:_______________________
AutumnSemester
BasicChemistryforEngineering/FundamentalInorganicChemistry
FinalExam
2February2015
Time:60minutes
Instructions:Answerany4questionsoutof5possiblequestions.Youmayanswermorethan4questionsifyouwish.Yourmarkswillbetakenfromyourtop4questions.Showallrelevantworking.Writeallanswersandfinalworkinginpen.Giveyouranswerstoanappropriatenumberofsignificantfigures.9pagesincluding:1toppage,1datapage,1periodictable,5questionpages,1pageforroughworkingHandinallpagesattheendoftheexam.Permissiblematerials:Calculator.EnglishorEnglishbilingualDictionary.
BasicChemistry—FinalExam 2
EquationsandData
Avagadronumber6.022x1023pV=nRTwherep=pressure,V=volume,n=no.ofmoles,R=idealgasconstantT=temperatureR=8.3144JK–1mol–1orR=0.082057LatmK–1mol–1Totalheatreleased/gainedbyreaction=∑∆Hfproducts–∑∆HfreactantsEnthalpiesofformation∆HfH2O(g):–242kJmol–1∆HfCH4(g):–74.9kJmol–1∆HfCO2(g):–394kJmol–1Somecommonmetalsalts:FeCl3,MgSO4,ZnSO4,CaCO3Benzylacetatepropertiesat25°CMaximumsolubilityinwater:0.31gml–1Densityofpureliquid:1.05gml–1.Commonunitcells
simple cubic body centred cubic face centred cubic
BasicChemistry—FinalExam 3
BasicChemistry—FinalExam 4
Question1A)Lookatthephasediagramright.
ii)Steelismadebydissolvingsmallcarbonatoms
intotheironcrystal.Whichoftheunitcellsonthe
phasediagramcandissolvethemostcarbon?
Why?
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[2]
iii)Roughlywhatisthebesttemperaturerangeformakinghigh-carbonsteel?
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[2]
B)i)Aninventorclaimsthatsolidsodiumchloride(NaCl)willbeagoodconductorof
electricitybecausesodiumisametal.IshecorrectaboutNaCl?Why?
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[2]
ii)Explainthemostcommonchoiceofmaterialsforthefollowingapplicationsintermsof
theirionic/molecularproperties:
Coffeemugs:material_____________________
Why?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Gardeningtools:material_____________________
Why?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
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[4]
—
—
—
—
—
— — — — — — — — —
T/°C
P/atm
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
10 –1210 –1010 –8 10 –6 10 –4 10 –2 1.0 10 100
solid (BCC)
solid (FCC)
solid (BCC)
liquidvapour
BasicChemistry—FinalExam 5
Question2
A)Benzylacetate(C9H10O2)isaliquidusedasstrawberryflavouringinfoodproducts.
i)Whatisthemolarityofasaturatedsolution?
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[2]
ii)Whatisthepercentagebyvolumeofasaturatedsolution?
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[2]
iii)Afoodtechnicianstoressaturatedbenzylacetatesolutioninarefrigeratorbutcomesback
thenextdaytofindsmalldropsofanoilyliquidatthebottomoftheflask.Whathas
happened?
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[2]
B)Onemethodofproducingdrinkingwaterfromseawateristouseelectricitytopullions
outofthewaterthroughamembrane.
i)Thisprocessiscalled‘reverseosmosis’.Why?
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[2]
Reverseosmosisproducestwooutputstreamsofwater:drinkingwaterandwastewater.
ii)Explainatleasttwodifferencesinthephysicalpropertiesoftheoutputstreams.
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[2]
BasicChemistry—FinalExam 6
Question3
A)Labelthefollowingcasesasbeing‘open’or‘closed’whenapplyingthelawsof
thermodynamics.Explainyourreasoning.
i)Acarengineobservedoverseveralminutes.
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[2]
iii)Asealed,insulatedflask,observedoverthreedays.
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[2]
B)Hydrogengas(H2)isanewfuelforcars.
i)Calculatetheheatreleased,permoleofH2,inthereaction2H2+O2⟶2H2O.
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[1]
ii)Calculatetheheatreleased,permoleofCH4,inthereactionCH4+2O2⟶CO2+2H2O.
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[1]
iii)OfH2andCH4,whichfuelproducesthemostenergyfromafull25Lgastank?Why?
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[3]
iv)Fuelcellsrequireaplatinumcatalysttoproduceelectricityefficiently.Brieflyexplainone
reasonwhyacatalystisnecessary.
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[1]
BasicChemistry—FinalExam 7
Question4
A)i)Explainthedifferencebetweenanelectrolyticcellandavoltaiccell.
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[2]
ii)Drawanapparatusforplatinganironnailwithzinc(Zn)metal.Labelallnecessary
components.
[6]
iii)Givetworeasonsthezincplatingwillprotectthenailfromcorrosion.
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[2]
BasicChemistry—FinalExam 8
Question5
A)Achemistissynthesisingamoleculeusingthefollowingreactants:
Writetheletterofthefunctionalgroupthatisexpected…
i)tomaketheproductflatandrigid.___
ii)toactasabase.___
iii)towithdrawelectronsbyaninductiveeffect.___
iv)toallowextraatoms/moleculestobeaddedtotheproductlater.__
[4]
v)Whichfunctionalgroupsdoyouexpecttoreacttogether?Why?
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[2]
vi)Thechemistwantstoorderthereactantsfromasupplierbuttheir
catalogueshowsmaleicacidasthediagramontheright.Isthissuitable
forthechemist’sreaction?Why?
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[2]
B)
Drawtwoisomersofthefollowingmolecule.
[2]
NO2
NH2
HO OH
OO
+ product
a d
ec
b
p-nitroaniline maleic acid
HO
O
O
HO
maleic acid
HF
BasicChemistry—FinalExam 9
RoughWorking