Download - Nanotechnology
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Introduction
A nanometer is 10 times the diameter of a hydrogen atom
The study of manipulating the atoms is called nanotechnology
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Cobalt Oxide nanoparticles
Cobalt oxide is inorganic compound with the formula Co3O4.
It is a black antiferromagnetic solid.It has a cubic structure
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Synthesis methods
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Reaction conditions (Temp, Pressure)
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Reference
1. Co precipitation method
Cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride, ammonia, sodium hydroxide, polyethylene glycol.
450 degrees celcius, 1atm.
2 hours Katalin Sinkó, Géza Szabó, and Miklós Zrínyi,2011
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2. Sol gel synthesis method
Cobalt nitrate, ethyl acetate, ethanol
500 degrees celcius, 1atm.
24 hours M. Hamdani, R. N. Singh, and P. Chartier,2010
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3. Template Synthesis
Cobalt chloride,Ammonium hydroxide, anodic aluminium oxide membrane
450 degrees celcius, 1atm.
15 hours Juan Xu, Lan Gao, Jianyu Cao, Wenchang Wang, Zhidong Chen, 2010
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Sl no Process brief
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Reaction conditions (Temp, Pressure)
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4. Microemulsion process
Cobalt acetate, CTAB, butanol, isooctane
400 degrees celcius, (pyrolysis)
1atm.
Mix slowly overnight for precipitate formation
Jahangeer Ahmed , Tokeer Ahmad , Kandalam V. Ramanujachary , Samuel E. Lofland ,Ashok K. Ganguli, 2008
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Sl no Process brief
Chemicals used
Reaction conditions (Temp, Pressure)
Reaction time
Reference
5. Solution Combustion process
citric acid monohydrate, cobalt nitrate hexahydrate , ammonium nitrate.
550 degrees celcius, 1atm.
1 hour Jiachun Deng, Litao Kang, Gailing Baid, Ying Li, Peiyang Li, Xuguang Liu,Yongzhen Yang, Feng Gao, Wei Liang, 2014
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Sl no Process brief
Chemicals used
Reaction conditions (Temp, Pressure)
Reaction time
Reference
6. Solvothermal Process
Cobalt acetate, ethanol, water, precursor (isonicotinic acid)
120 degrees celcius, 400 degrees celcius1atm.
24 hours, 2 hours
Yanan Huang, et al, 2014
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Applications
The key applications of cobalt oxide nanoparticles are as follows:
In micro-electronics As nanoparticles with numerous uses in microbatteries, nanowires,
and specific alloy and catalyst applications In catalysis, superconductors, electronic ceramics and other fields as
an important inorganic material As catalyst and catalyst carriers As an electrode active materials For glass, porcelain colorants and pigments Chemical industry oxidants In temperature and gas sensors In electrochromic devices In enamels, grinding wheels, and solar energy absorbers Water Splitting
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Economic analysis
World consumption is 22000 tons/yearCobalt oxide (99.9%) nanoparticles per 100g
costs Rs. 18,509/-Cobalt chloride salt (99.7%) costs Rs. 5,089/-
per 100 gms.Sodium Hydroxide (97%) costs approximately
Rs. 300/- per 100g To prepare 100g of cobalt oxide by
precipitation method, it costs approximately Rs. 11,000/-
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References
Y. Liu, W.W. Zhao, X.G. Zhang, J.Electrochem. Acta. 53 (2008) 3296
F. Zhang, L. Hao, Q.B. Fu, X.G. Zhang, Chin. J. Inorg. Chem. 26 (2010) 827
J.Ahmed , T. Ahmad , K.V. Ramanujachary , S.E. Lofland, A. K. Ganguli, J.Col.Sc .321 (2008) 434
W.Yang, Z. Gao, J. Ma, J. Wang, B.Wang, L.Liu, J.Electrochem.Acta . 112 (2013) 378