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Page 1: Napoleonic Wars
Page 2: Napoleonic Wars

Napoleonic Wars

1793-1815Napoleon tried to conquer all of EuropeBritain led allies against France

U.S. got dragged in

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Neutrality

Jefferson kept the U.S. neutral like the Washington and Adams administrations

American Merchants profiting by trade with both France and Britain

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Neutral Rights Violated

France and Britain threaten to search and seize ships trading with the enemy

Impressment◦British sailors often deserted

Poor pay and conditions◦British would stop ships and look for deserters

and force them to serve in navy Forced native born Americans too

◦Still have English accent

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Attack on the Chesapeake

British warship, the Leopard intercepted the Chesapeake ◦June 1807 off the coast of Virginia◦Chesapeake captain refused to allow search◦Leopard opened fire

Killed 3, Wounded 18 and crippled the American ship

Americans outraged◦Jefferson avoids war

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Embargo Act

December 1807Banned trade with European countriesWas a disaster

◦Britain traded with Latin America for goods◦New England trade hurt

Merchants not happyRepealed March 1809

◦Replaced by Nonintercourse Act Banned trade with France or Britain

◦Also unsuccessful

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4th President

Jefferson follows Washington’s precedentJames Madison wins election

◦Not ideal time to be president

Father of the Constitution

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The Frontier

Governor of the Indiana Territory making treaties with Natives to gain land◦William Henry Harrison

Powerful and charismatic Shawnee chief uniting the Native American nations◦Tecumseh

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Battle of Tippecanoe

Harrison concerned about Tecumseh’s success◦Decided to strike first (1811)

Battle lasted 2 hours

As a result Tecumseh allied himself with the British

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War Hawks

Republicans

John C. Calhoun ◦S. Carolina

Henry Clay◦Kentucky

Land Hungry◦Canadian land◦Florida

Congress quadrupled army’s size

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War

Madison asks Congress to declare war◦June 1, 1812◦Britain was trying to avoid war, ended search and seizure

policy, but too late

Americans still relying on militia◦Poorly trained and equipped

Nicknames◦“Madison’s War”◦“The Forgotten War”◦The Second War for Independence”

Video

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Invasion of Canada

Three-pronged attack

Detroit – July 1812◦General William Hull◦Americans fearful of Indian cruelty and

surrender Niagara

◦American forces defeatedThird attack never happened

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Battle of Lake Erie

Prezi

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Battle of the Thames

Tecumseh killed◦October 5, 1813

William Henry HarrisonNative Americans will no longer be a

problem

Americans burned parliament buildings◦York (Toronto)

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End of Napoleon

Napoleon loses at Battle of Waterloo◦Exiled from the country

With Napoleon out of the way British can focus on U.S.

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U.S.S. Constitution

The world’s oldest commissioned warship afloat

Wooden shipUSS Constitution vs. HMS Guerriere

◦August 19, 1812◦Cannon balls bounced off the side of the ship◦An American sailor reportedly exclaimed

"Huzzah! her sides are made of iron!" “Old Ironsides”

42-0

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Battle of Horseshoe Bend

Andrew Jackson◦“Old Hickory”

◦ March 1814

◦Attacked Creeks in Mississippi Territory◦Slaughtered more than 550 Creeks

Lost land

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Attack on the Capitol

August 1814◦Capitol not well defended

The British sailed into Chesapeake Bay◦Overpowered militia ◦Marched into the city and burned buildings

including the president’s mansion◦A storm prevented some damage

Video

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Fort McHenry

The British move onto Baltimore

Baltimore was waiting◦Barricaded roads, blocked harbor, 13,000 militia◦Held back the British attack

Francis Scott Key◦Star Spangled Banner

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Battle of Lake Champlain

Naval Battle won by Americans◦September 1814

British decides war is not worth the cost

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Treaty of Ghent

Ghent, Belgium◦December 1814

Peace agreement◦Didn't change borders◦Impressment was not mentioned

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Battle of New Orleans

Did not know that Treaty of Ghent had been signed

Still takes about a month for news to travel

January 1815Andrew Jackson

◦Leads Americans to victory, becomes hero

Video

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Hartford Convention

December 1814New England Federalists met in

Connecticut◦Proposed amendments◦Seen as unpatriotic

Federalist Party loses respect in American politics

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Who Won?

The Battle of New Orleans Arrogant Worms

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Stalemate

Neither British nor Americans won the war◦Neither gained territory

Although:◦Americans get Star Spangled Banner◦Revived sense of Nationalism (especially after

winning the last major battle)◦Manufacturing developed when weren’t getting

goods from Europe◦Gained respect from other countries

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The real winners of the War

Canada◦Held off invasions◦Nationalism

William Henry Harrison◦Gains fame◦Uses Tippecanoe as presidential slogan

Andrew Jackson◦War hero who later becomes president

Erie, PA◦Shipbuilding industry builds the economy and city

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And the losers

Native Americans◦Without Tecumseh will not unite

Federalists◦Their lack of support for American cause during

the War will lead this party to disappear


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