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National Transformation
Unit 4
Chapters 9-11
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The Market Revolution
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A. The Transportation Revolution • Roads
First Turnpike- 1790 Lancaster, PA
By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road connected most major cities.
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A. The Transportation Revolution
The Cumberland or National Road - 1811
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A. The Transportation Revolution • Canals The Erie Canal System
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Mechanical Inventions • Steamboats
Robert Fulton
The Clermont - 1807
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A. The Transportation Revolution • Railroads
*1830 - 13 miles of track built by Baltimore & Ohio RR
*By 1850 - 9000 mi. of RR track
*By 1860 - 31,000 miles.
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B. The Growth of Industry
• Mechanical Inventions 1800 - 41 patents were approved.
1860 - 4,357 patents were approved
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The Growth of Industry • Factory System
Samuel Slater
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Eli Whitney: the Cotton Gin
And Interchangeable
Parts
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Mechanical Inventions • Elias Howe
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The Growth of Industry • Corporations for Raising Capital
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The Growth of Industry The Waltham-Lowell System
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Mechanical Inventions & Farming
John
Deere
Steel Plow
Cyrus
McCormick
Mechanical Reaper
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What impact did Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) have on the Market Revolution?
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IMPACTS OF THE MARKET
REVOLUTION
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The South
• King Cotton
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The South
• It’s �peculiar institution�
Denmark Vesey (1822) Nat Turner (1831)
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The Midwest
• Commercial Agriculture
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The Northeast
$During the American Revolution, 45% of all wealth in the top 10% of the population.
$1845 Boston à top 4% owned over 65% of the wealth. $1860 Philadelphia à top 1% owned over 50% of the wealth.
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The Northeast • Workingmen�s Party
– Robert Owens & others
Early labor unions & and worker oriented parties were local, social, & weak.
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The Northeast
• Urbanization
1820 1860
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The Northeast
• Immigration
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Immigration
• The Irish
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Immigration
• The Germans
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Immigration • Nativism
American or Know-Nothing Party
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Did the Market Revolution make
America a more or less democratic
society? How so?
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Politics of the Common Man
• Universal Male Suffrage
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Politics of the Common Man • Nominating Conventions
– Replaced caucuses
• Popular Election of the Electors
• Popular Campaigning -mudslinging
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Politics of the Common Man • Spoils System & Rotation of Officeholders -party machines
• Rise of 3rd Parties or Minor Parties
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The Election of 1824 • John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, William Crawford, & Andrew Jackson
• �A Corrupt Bargain�
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Andrew Jackson (1829-1836) • Domestic Issues
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Andrew Jackson (1829-1836)
• Domestic Issues -Tariff of 1828 -The South Carolina Exposition
-Tariff of 1832 -Columbia Convention -Force Bill -Tariff of 1833
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Domestic Issues • Native Americans
-Worcester v. Georgia (1832) -Indian Removal Act (1830)
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Domestic Issues • Native Americans
-Trail of Tears (1838-1839)
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Domestic Issues • Bank Crisis
Nicholas Biddle
Henry Clay Jackson
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Domestic Issues • Specie Circular
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Effects • Bank notes lost value • Land sales plummeted • Credit was less available • Businesses began to fail • Unemployment Rose
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Martin Van Buren (1837-1840)
• Domestic Issues
-Panic of 1837 -Texas Revolution of 1836
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Election of 1840
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Effects of the Jacksonian Era
• Triumph of populist democratic style
• Reaffirmation of the 2 party system
• Expansion of presidential power
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The Second Great Awakening Charles Finney
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The Second Great Awakening • The Mormons
Joseph Smith
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Transcendentalism
Nature (1832)
Walden (1854)
Civil Disobedience (1849)
Self-Reliance (1841)
�The American Scholar�� (1837)
R3-1/3/4/5
Emerson Thoreau
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Social Reforms • The Temperance Movement
American Temperance
Society (1826)
Neal Dow
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Social Reforms
• Public Asylums & Penitentiaries
Dorothea Dix
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Social Reform
• Public Education
Horace Mann
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Social Reform • Women�s Rights Movement -Cult of Domesticity -Separate Spheres Concept
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Seneca Falls� Declaration of Sentiments
1848
Lucretia Mott Elizabeth Cady Stanton
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If Women Had Their Way!
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Abolitionism
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Abolitionism • American Colonization Society • American Antislavery Society • Liberty Party
Birn
ey
Garrison
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Abolitionism • Black Abolitionists
Frederick Douglass
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Abolitionism
• Violent Abolitionism
David Walker Henry Highland Garnet