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Native Americans in the Chicago Area
Answers to guided reading questions
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#1. Native American groups in the area Sauk Fox Potawatomi Illinois
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Patterns in how they got their names All related to nature, earth, mankind,
animals
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World Heritage Site, and why that is significant Cahokia mounds Shows importance of Native American
civilization (similar to Great Wall of China, pyramids) which so many whites coming to the area ignored
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#2. Why Sauk and Fox moved west Pushed west by Iroquois who were
pushed west by white settlers
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How Potawatomi angered Iroquois They gave the Iroquois poisoned food
when the Iroquois were starving
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#3. Why Sauk and Fox had two villages They were hunters/gatherers, but also
farmers-different villages for different times of the year
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How animals were used to the fullest Used for food, clothing, tools--all parts of
animal were used, including the brain (softened clothing)
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How chiefs were organized War and peace chiefs
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The extent of their power Limited--could not force people to follow
their ideas, just made suggestions
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#4. Describe clans and how created Family groups named after an animal Children given names stored by clan Sacred objects/celebrations
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Why people were also grouped by color Promoted unity within the tribe--people
were related to each other by clan name and by color (black/white)….this was not a skin color, just an arbitrary designation
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#5. Traditions associated with first menstruation Girls went to a special lodge Stayed there for 10 days Female relatives visited with clothing
and advice
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What older women said girls should do Be pleasant and respectful to everyone
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What older women said girls should NOT do Don’t touch your hair during
menstruation or it will all out No sweet or sour food during
menstruation or your teeth will fall out
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#6. Early stages of courtship Man asked woman’s mother for
permission Came to woman’s lodge with a piece of
burning bark
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How a woman indicated acceptance/disapproval Blow flame out if accepting proposal; do
not blow it out if not accepting
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What a man could do about it Play love songs on a flute all day Then return again with the piece of
burning bark If still no, then NO
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#7. Typical age at marriage 20
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Policies about divorce People could agree to separate and find
new mates
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Taboos for pregnant women Could not touch a dead body If she looked at a corpse sideways, her
baby would be cross-eyed Could only carry wood on back and not
in arms, or birth would be difficult No sexual relations during pregnancy or
the baby would be sickly
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Traditions associated with birth Private lodge where woman stayed for
ten days to a month Special celebration when she returned
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#8. Death and burial traditions Public announcement People outside the clan prepared body
for burial while clan grieved Feet facing west, tobacco on body Sometimes buried in a log, on a
scaffold, or on top of a dead enemy
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Beliefs about what happened to the spirit Followed White River (Milky Way) Pass a guardian spirit and his dog to get
to the land of the dead
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Traditions associated with mourning Wear shabby clothing Messy hair No work duties
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What happened after mourning period, and why Clan adopted someone symbolically to
make up for the loss