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Network Function Virtualization (NFV): Conception, Present and Future
Rashid MijumbiUniversitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
[email protected]/rashid
Telecommunications Software and Systems Group (TSSG)Waterford, September 2015
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Outline
Motivation for NFV
NFV Timeline
Concept / Definition
Expected gains
Examples / Use cases
NFV Architecture
Relationship with SDN
State-of-the-art
Research Challenges
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Motivation for NFV
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Exab
ytes
per m
onth
Source: Cisco VNI Global IP Traffic Forecast, 2014–2019. May 2015.
1 exabyte = 1 000 000 000 gigabytes
Expand/Change Networks’ proprietary equipment
1
2
Increased CAPEX and OPEX
Continuously increasing user requirements:
- rapidly changing service demands require short development cycles
- even more data, Global IP Traffic Trend
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Motivation for NFV (2)
Increased competition among each other and from O-T-T providers
Limited possibility to raise subscription fees
Continuous reduction in ARPU, PROFITABILITY
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13 Operators Call for Action
A joint operator call for the Telecom and IT industry to take advantage of advances in virtualization to increase service
agility, network flexibility and reduce CAPEX and OPEX
October 2012
http://portal.etsi.org/NFV/NFV_White_Paper.pdf
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ETSI responds to Call
- AT&T, BT, Deutsche Telekom, Orange, Telecom Italia, Telefonica andVerizon selected the European Telecommunications Standards Institute(ETSI) to be the home of the Industry Specification Group for NFV
- Now 270 individual companies including 38 of the world’s major serviceproviders as well as representatives from both telecoms and IT vendors
November 2012
- 1st Phase of work ended at end of 2014, 11 documents: architecturalframework, descriptions of the infrastructure, management andorchestration, security and trust, resilience and service quality metrics.
http://www.etsi.org/news-events/news/864-2015-01-press-etsi-network-functions-virtualisation-completes-first-phase-of-work
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So, what is NFV ? http://portal.etsi.org/NFV/NFV_White_Paper.pdf
NFV Concept
Leverage advances in virtualization to decouple network functions from Hardware
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Anticipated Benefits- Reduced capital expenses (CAPEX)
- Due to economies of scale and more efficient use of resources
(scale up/down),
- Reduced operation expenses (OPEX)
- Power/energy, space, update/upgrade/maintenance
- Flexible, faster deployment, reducing time to market
- Minimizing typical operator innovation cycle. Automated, standard
deployment
1
2
3
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Some examples: Customer Premises Equipment
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Evol
ved
Pack
etCo
re
Access Network (E-UTRAN)
User Equipment
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
eNodeB eNodeB
S-GW MME
PCRF P-GW
External Networks
Access Network (E-UTRAN)
User Equipment
VNFs
eNodeB eNodeB
S-GW
MME
PCRF
P-GW
External Networks
Data Centers
Access Network (E-UTRAN)
User Equipment
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
eNodeB eNodeB
S-GW MME
PCRF P-GW
External Networks
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NFV Reference Architecture
Physical Resources
Virtual Resources
Virtual Network Functions
Computing, Storage, Network Resources
Computing, Storage, Network Resources
Network Function Virtualization InfrastructureNFV
Management &
Orchestration
(NFV MANO)
VNF 1 VNF 2 VNF 3 VNF N
1
2
3. . .
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Software Defined Networking
Distributed Control and Middleboxes
(e.g. Firewall, Intrusion Detection, etc.) in
Traditional NetworksLogical Layers in a Software
Defined Network
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NFV SDN
Decouples control plane from data plane to enable faster innovation,
network flexibility and holistic management
Decouples functions from hardwareto reduce network operator CAPEX
and OPEX, and increase service agility
Service/Function Abstraction Networking Abstraction
Automation
Agility
Isolation
OpenFlow de-facto standard
Multiple Control Protocols (e.g NETCONF, SNMP)
Mainly Telecom service providers
Mainly networking software and hardware vendors
NFV and SDN are highly related and complimentary, combining them may lead to greater value. BUT they are not dependent on each other
Relationship between SDN and NFV
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State-of-the-art (1): Standardization Activities
There is sufficient involvement of standards bodies in NFVactivities.
While many of them work in liaison with the ETSI, some ofthem such as ATIS and 3GPP SA5 have identified and areworking on specific aspects of NFV that have not yet beensufficiently developed by the ETSI.
What remains to be seen is whether the output in terms ofstandards will match with the speed at which vendors andTSPs propose NFV solutions.
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State-of-the-art (2): Collaborative Projects
It is interesting to observe that all the three industrial projects(ZOOM, OPNFV and OpenMANO) are focused on MANO. Thisunderlines the importance of MANO in NFV.
MANO is a critical aspect towards ensuring the correctoperation of the NFVI as well as the VNFs.
Like the decoupled functions, NFV demands a shift fromnetwork management models that are device driven to thosethat are aware of the orchestration needs of networks with bothlegacy equipment and VNFs.
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State-of-the-art (3): Commercial Products
Although NFV is gaining momentum, it is still an emergingtechnology and solutions based on final specifications, andwidespread deployments for end-users may take a few years toappear.
Many organizations/vendors/operators are investing in and arewilling to test NFV-based solutions.
It can be observed from these early implementations andplatforms, that two aspects re-appear in a big number of them:
(1) the high focus on open source, and(2) the ability of current SDN and cloud technologies tosupport NFV.
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A lot of progress, yet many challenges and questions open for research . . .Management and Orchestration
Standardization
Efficient resource allocation
Energy efficiency
Efficient Resource Allocation
Architectural design
Information and data modeling
PerformanceManagement of SDNInter-operability
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References[1] Rashid Mijumbi, Joan Serrat, Juan-Luis Gorricho, Niels Bouten, Filip De Turck, Raouf Boutaba, “Network Function Virtualization:
State-of-the-art and Research Challenges”. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials. Accepted September 2015
[2] Rashid Mijumbi, Joan Serrat, Juan-Luis Gorricho, Niels Bouten, Filip De Turck, Steven Davy, “Design and Evaluation of Algorithms
for Mapping and Scheduling of Virtual Network Functions”, IEEE Conference on Network Softwarization (NetSoft). University
College London. 13-17 April 2015
[3] Rashid Mijumbi, Joan Serrat, Juan-Luis Gorricho, ”Self-managed Resources in Network Virtualization Environments”, IFIP/IEEE
International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM), Ottawa Canada, May 2015. Dissertation Digest Paper.
[4] Rashid Mijumbi, Joan Serrat, Juan-Luis Gorricho, Javier Rubio-Loyola and Steven Davy, “Server Placement and Assignment in
Virtualized Radio Access Networks”, IEEE/IFIP CNSM, International Workshop on Management of SDN and NFV Systems,
Barcelona, Spain. Accepted September 2015