2012 Chemical Hazard Communication Standard

New Chemical Hazard Communication StandardGlobally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals, WAC 296-901-1401Overview of GHS and changes to the standard2What is the GHS?Harmonized criteria for classifying substances and mixtures according to their health, environmental and physical hazards.Harmonized hazard communication system including requirements for labeling and safety data sheets (SDS).Target audience - workers, employers, consumers, transport workers, emergency responders.

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The current edition is the 4th; revision continue on a 2-year cycle. So far, most have been text clarifications. 4

Agencies Involved with the GHS

FederalWashington StateDOTWSDOTOSHAL&I / DOSHEPADOE & WSDACPSC The DOT was actually the first American agency to implement GHS and OSHAs adoption brings the regulations between those two agencies into greater harmony. The EPA is expected to follow closely on the heels of OSHAs adoption with revisions to its own standards to bring them into alignment with GHS.

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Dark green: Countries/regions that have already implemented GHS. Light green: Countries/regions where GHS is voluntary. Yellow: Countries/regions that are in the process of implementing GHS. Blue: Countries/regions where GHS is not implemented or not available.To date, over 65 countries have adopted GHS or are in the process of adopting GHS.

6OSHAs HazCom 2012 StandardPublished March 26, 2012Conforms to the GHS, Rev. 3Changes to:Hazard classificationLabel contentSafety Data Sheet content (mandatory 16 section SDS, % required)

On March 26, 2012, OSHA revised the Hazard Communication Standard to align with the GHS.

OSHA calls the new version HazCom 2012.7Stay tuned . . .The GHS is updated on a two year cycle. Recent updates have mostly been text clarifications.Future updates of the Chemical Haz Com standard may be necessary.

8WISHAs new GHS-basedHazard Communication Standard

Effective April 15, 2013

On March 26, 2012, OSHA revised the Hazard Communication Standard to align with the GHS.

OSHA calls the new version HazCom 2012.

9Substantially identical to OSHAs standardPhase-in schedule:During the transition period, there is the option to comply with the applicable requirements in the existing rules, or the requirements in the new rule, or both.June 1, 2014: ERs train EEs on Safety Data Sheet (SDS) format and new label elements.June 1, 2015: Manufacturers & importers comply with new SDS and label requirements.Dec. 1, 2015: Distributors not to ship unless container has GHS label.10Substantially identical to OSHAs standardPhase-in schedule, cont.:June 1, 2016: ERs update labels, EE hazard training, and written Haz Com programs.Upon completion of the transition period, the existing standard (296-800-170) will be repealed.

11ExemptionsAll the current exemptions from the rule, and exemptions from labeling, still apply.

One new exemption from the rule:Nuisance particulates where the chemical manufacturer or importer can establish that they do not pose any physical or health hazard covered under this section.

Nuisance particulates where the chemical manufacturer or importer can establish that they do not pose any physical or health hazard covered under this section;

This is rather complicated12Major Changes Labels & SDSNo longer performance-based.Each hazard class and category has specified hazard statement(s), signal word, pictogram(s), and precautionary statement(s) in mandatory Appendix C. Those elements must appear on the label and SDS.13Major Changes Hazard determinationNow titled hazard classificationDetailed data-based criteriaHealth hazard criteria in mandatory Appendix A and non-mandatory Appendix FPhysical hazard criteria in mandatory Appendix BSpecified; no longer performance-based

14Classification of chemical hazardsHazard class: the nature of the physical or health hazards, e.g., flammable solid, carcinogen, oral acute toxicity.Hazard category: division by degree or type of hazard within each hazard class. Appendix A discusses health hazards, and Appendix B discusses physical hazards.

Hazard Class: Describes the nature of the physical or health hazards For example, "Gases under Pressure" is an example of a class in the physical hazards group.

Hazard Category: Describes the degree of hazard within a class. The specific criteria varies with the type of hazard.

15Hazard ClassHazard Category (health hazard criteria, Appendix A)Acute toxicity1234Skin corrosion/irritation1A1B1C2Serious eye damage/irritation12A2BRespiratory or skin sensitizers 1A1BGerm cell mutagenicity 1A1B2Carcinogenicity 1A1B2Reproductive toxicity 1A1B2lactationSpecific target organ toxicity - single exposure 123Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure12Aspiration1These are the hazard classes and categories for health hazards, from Appendix A.

16Hazard ClassHazard Category (physical hazard criteria, Appendix B)Explosive UnstableDiv 1.1Div 1.2Div 1.3 Flammable gases12Flammable aerosols12Oxidizing gases1Gases under pressure CompressedLiquefiedRefrigerated liquefiedDissolvedFlammable liquids 1234Flammable solids12Self-reactiveABCDEFGPyrophoric liquids1Pyrophoric solids1Self-heating12Emits flammable gas when in contact with water123Oxidizing liquids123Oxidizing solids123Organic peroxidesABCDEFGCorrosive to metals1These are the hazard classes and categories for physical hazards, from Appendix B.

17Label Requirements181. Find the hazard classFrom Appendix B:

192. Find the hazard categoryFrom Appendix B:

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3. Find the required label elementsFrom Appendix C:21Label pictograms

22Exploding Bomb Symbol

Unstable ExplosivesExplosives (Divisions 1.1-1.4)Self-reactives (Type A and Type B with Flame)Organic Peroxides (Type A and Type B with Flame)

23Flame SymbolFlammable GasesFlammable AerosolsFlammable Liquids (Categories 1-3)Flammable SolidsSelf-Reactives (Type B with bomb, Types C-F)Pyrophoric liquids and solidsSelf-heating substancesSubstances which in contact with water emit flammable gasesOrganic Peroxides (Type B with bomb, Types C-F)

24Flame over Circle SymbolOxidizing GasesOxidizing LiquidsOxidizing Solids

Gas Cylinder SymbolCompressed GasLiquefied GasRefrigerated Liquefied GasDissolved Gas

Corrosion SymbolCorrosive to Metals (steel or aluminum >6.25 mm/year at 55C)Skin corrosion/ irritation Category 1 (A, B and C)Serious eye damage/ irritation Category 1

27Skull and Crossbones SymbolAcute Toxicity Categories 1-3 (oral, inhalation or dermal routes)

Exclamation Mark SymbolAcute Toxicity Category 4 (oral, inhalation or dermal routes)Skin Irritation/ Corrosion Category 2Serious Eye damage/ irritation Category 2ASkin SensitizerSpecific target organ toxicity (single exposure) Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation, narcotic effects)Hazardous to the Ozone Layer

Health Hazard SymbolRespiratory SensitizerGerm Cell MutagenicityCarcinogenicityToxic to ReproductionSpecific target organ toxicity (single exposure) Categories 1-2Specific target organ toxicity (repeated exposure) Categories 1-2Aspiration Hazard

Environment Symbol*Acute hazards to the aquatic environment Category 1 (Categories 2 and 3 use no symbol or signal word)Chronic hazards to the aquatic environment Categories 1 and 2 (Categories 3 and 4 use no symbol or signal word)

*Part of GHS, but not required by WISHA or OSHA standards.Hazard statementsHazard statement is specified for each level of hazard (category) within each hazard class (See Appendix C)

Example: Flammable liquidsCategory 1: Extremely flammable liquid and vapourCategory 2: Highly flammable liquid and vapourCategory 3: Flammable liquid and vapourCategory 4: Combustible liquid323232The text of all applicable hazard statements shall appear on the label.

Hazard statements may be combined where appropriate to reduce the information on the label and improve readability, as long as all of the hazards are conveyed as required.

33Hazard statementsMultiple hazardsThe pictogram and signal word used must reflect the most severe hazard category; and all relevant hazard statements must be used. If skull and crossbones, no exclamation point for acute toxicityIf corrosive, no exclamation point for eye/skin irritationIf health hazard for respiratory sensitization, no exclamation point for skin sensitization or eye/skin irritation

35"Precautionary statement" means a phrase that describes recommended measures that should be taken to minimize or prevent adverse effects resulting from exposure to a hazardous chemical, or improper storage or handling.Precautionary statements35PDC 408 GHS 2012There are 4 types of precautionary statementsPreventionResponseStorageDisposal

36Precautionary statementsPrecautionary statementsMay be combined or consolidated to save label space and improve readability. Where a chemical has multiple hazards and the precautionary statements are similar, the most stringent shall be included on the label.An order of precedence may be imposed.If the chemical manufacturer, importer, or responsible party can demonstrate that a precautionary statement is inappropriate to a specific substance, it may be omitted from the label.37Supplementary hazard informationOnly allowed if it provides further detail and does not contradict or cast doubt on the validity of the standardized hazard information.

Placement shall not impede identification of information required by the Standard.38Label arrangementLabel elements must be located together on the label, tag or mark.Must not conflict with DOT regulations.Pictograms must have red border. Red frame must be wide enough to be clearly visible.Blank red diamonds are not permitted.Where a DOT label appears on a shipped container, the same OSHA pictogram shall not appear.Labels must be in English (other languages also permitted).

Product identifier4. Hazard statement(s)Signal word5. Precautionary statement(s)Pictogram(s)6. Contact info for responsible partyExample of label showing the required elements.

Pictograms are for flammability, acute toxicity, health hazard, and corrosivity.

Note that mfr chose to use all 4 pictograms if only using one, it would have to reflect the most severe hazard.40Potential for confusionIn NFPA 704 and HMIS, 4 = severe hazardIn GHS, 4 = low hazard

GHS Category Hazard 1 highest 2 high 3 medium 4 lowHMIS/NFPAIndexHazard 1slight2moderate3serious4severe

From the preamble to OSHAs new standard:Neither the proposal nor final rule prohibits the use of NFPA or HMIS rating systems. Federal Register, 77(58), Monday, March 26, 2012, p. 17758

42May confuse employers who need to look up hazard categories.Most employees wont notice unless its covered in their training, because hazard categories dont appear on labels or SDSs (only used to determine required label info)Potential for confusionPotential for confusion

44MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETSSAFETY DATA SHEETS4516-section format now required, similar to the current ANSI format.Order of the sections is specified.Specific required information for each section is in mandatory Appendix D.Environmental provisions are included to be GHS-compliant; DOSH will not enforce (sections 12-15).

SAFETY DATA SHEETSSafety Data Sheets12 Ecological information13 Disposal considerations14 Transport information15 Regulatory information46Safety Data SheetsMust be in English (additional languages OK)If theres no relevant information for a section, it must be marked to indicate no dataPreparer must assure information accurately reflects the scientific evidence used in making the hazard classificationPreparer must update within 3 months of significant new information. If not currently produced, then before shipped again or introduced into the workplace.

SDS distributionProvide with initial shipment, and with first shipment after update.Either before or with the shipment, on request.Retail and wholesale distributors shall post a sign or inform employers that SDSs are available.

New SDS elements Standardized pictograms, hazard statements, signal words, and precautionary statementsExact percentages of ingredients are required in most cases; some may still give ranges:When there is a trade secret claim.When a product varies batch-to-batch.For a group of substantially similar mixtures with similar chemical composition.

Conditions to avoid and hazardous decomposition products have been in the ANSI standard for several years.

Percentage ranges are allowed when:-- there is a trade secret claim.-- when there is batch-to-batch variability in a product.-- for a group of substantially similar mixtures with similar chemical composition.49SDS required sections1.Identification2.Hazard(s) identification3. Composition/information on ingredients4.First-aid measures5.Fire-fighting measures6.Accidental release measures7.Handling & storage8.Exposure control/personal protection9. Physical & chemical properties10. Stability & reactivity11. Toxicological information12. Ecological information13. Disposal considerations14. Transport information15. Regulatory information16. Other information50Section 1 - IdentificationProduct identifier used on the label or other means of identification;Name, address, and telephone number of the chemical manufacturer, importer, or other responsible party;Emergency phone number51Section 2 - Hazard(s) identificationClassification of the chemicalSignal word, hazard statement(s), symbol(s) and precautionary statement(s). Hazard symbols may be provided as graphical reproductions in black and white or the name of the symbol, e.g., flame, skull and crossbones, etc.

52 Section 3 - Composition / IngredientsFor substances:Chemical nameCommon name and synonymsCAS number and other unique identifiersImpurities and stabilizing additives which are classified and contribute to the classification of the substance. 53For mixtures:

Info required for substances, plus: Chemical name and concentration (exact or range) of all ingredients which are classified as health hazards andare present above their hazard class cut-off/concentration limits; or present a health risk below the hazard class cut-off/concentration limits.

Section 3 - Composition / Ingredients5455Section 4 - First-aid measuresDescription of necessary measures, subdivided according to the different routes of exposure, i.e., inhalation, skin and eye contact, and ingestion.Most important symptoms/effects, acute and delayed.Indication of immediate medical attention and special treatment needed, if necessary.55Section 2 - Classification must be indicated

Section 3 - Changes from the current OSHA limits.PDC 408 GHS 201256Section 5 - Fire-fighting measuresSuitable (and unsuitable) extinguishing media.Specific hazards arising from the chemical (e.g., nature of any hazardous combustion products).Special protective equipment and precautions for fire-fighters.56PDC 408 GHS 2012Section 6 - Accidental release measuresPersonal precautions, protective equipment, and emergency procedures.Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up.Section 7 - Handling and storagePrecautions for safe handling.Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities.Section 8 - Exposure Controls/Personal ProtectionPermissible exposure limit (PEL), Threshold Limit Value (TLV), and any other exposure limit used or recommended by the chemical manufacturer, importer, or employer preparing the safety data sheet, where available.Appropriate engineering controls.Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment.Appearance (physical state, color, etc.)OdorOdor thresholdpHMelting point/freezing pointInitial boiling point and boiling rangeFlash pointEvaporation rateFlammability (solid, gas)Upper/lower flammability or explosive limitsVapor pressureVapor densityRelative densitySolubility(ies)Partition coefficient: n-octanol/waterAuto-ignition temperatureDecomposition temp.Viscosity

Section 9 - Physical and Chemical PropertiesSection 10 Stability and ReactivityReactivityChemical stabilityPossibility of hazardous reactionsConditions to avoid (e.g., static discharge, shock, or vibration)Incompatible materialsHazardous decomposition productsSection 11 - Toxicological InformationDescription of health effects and the available data used to identify those effects, including:Information on the likely routes of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact)Symptoms related to the physical, chemical and toxicological characteristicsDelayed and immediate effects and also chronic effects from short- and long-term exposure

Section 12 - Ecological InformationNon-mandatoryEcotoxicity (aquatic and terrestrial, where available)Persistence and degradabilityBioaccumulative potentialMobility in soilOther adverse effects (such as hazardous to the ozone layer).Section 13 - Disposal ConsiderationsNon-Mandatory

Description of waste residues and information on their safe handling and methods of disposal, including the disposal of any contaminated packaging.Section 14 Transport InformationNon-MandatoryUN numberUN proper shipping nameTransport hazard class(es)Packing group, if applicableEnvironmental hazards (e.g., Marine pollutant)Special precautions which a user needs to be aware of in connection with transport or conveyance either within or outside their premises.Section 15 Regulatory InformationNon-MandatorySafety, health and environmental regulations specific for the product in question.Section 16 - Other InformationThe date of preparation of the SDS or the last changeReferences Compliance assistance68Effective dates for employersDuring the transition period, option to comply with the requirements in the existing rules, or the requirements in the new rule, or both.June 1, 2014: Train EEs on Safety Data Sheet (SDS) format and new label elements.June 1, 2016: Update labels, train EEs on new hazards, and update written Chemical Haz Com programs.69Help available from DOSH

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Help available from DOSH71

Help available from DOSH72

Help available from DOSH73Additional help from DOSHConsultation ServicesCustomized training assistance for employers on request.Workshops being developed.Education & OutreachOnline training modules being developed by Ernesto Carcamo.74GHS-related changes to other standards75GHS requires changes in 25 other standardsWording of hazard signs and labels.Definitions of flammable and combustible materials in multiple standards.Affects virtually all standards addressing chemical hazards (including PSM, laboratories, spray finishing, dipping, coating, welding, hazardous waste, emergency response, etc.)OSHA is proposing to modify a number of other standards (flammable/combustible liquids, PSM, and substance-specific health standards) to be consistent with the modified HCS requirements

Most OSHA substance- specific heath standards require hazard warning signs, usually for regulated areas, and the language required on the signs varies greatly (e.g., Asbestos, 4-Nitrobiphenyl, 13 Carcinogens, Vinyl Chloride, Inorganic Arsenic, Cadmium, Benzene, Coke Oven Emissions, Cotton Dust, DBCP, Acrylonitrile, Formaldehyde, Methylenedianiline, 1,3-Butadiene, Methylene Chloride, and Lead). With the GHS revision, these standards retain the requirements for specific warning language for specific signs; however, OSHA proposed to modify the language to be compatible with GHS and consistent throughout the OSHA standards. Labels for products, mixtures, and raw materials are included in the GHS-modified HCS and are required to be compliant with it. Labels required by the current standards for contaminated clothing, PPE, and waste and debris, which are not addressed in the GHS, are retained, but their language has been changed to be as reflective of GHS terminology as possible76GHS requires changes in 25 other standardsWelding, Cutting, & Brazing Flammable & Combustible LiquidsSpray finishing Shipbuilding, -Repairing & -BreakingHexavalent ChromiumCotton Dust Coke OvensAsbestos, Tremolite, Anthophyllite, & ActinoliteCarcinogens Vinyl ChlorideAcrylonitrile1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane

CadmiumButadieneMethylene chlorideLeadMethylenedianiline (MDA)Hazardous Chemicals In LaboratoriesProcess Safety ManagementDipping & Coating OperationsHazardous Waste OperationsArsenicBenzeneEthylene OxideFormaldehydeOSHA is proposing to modify a number of other standards (flammable/combustible liquids, PSM, and substance-specific health standards) to be consistent with the modified HCS requirements

77Other resources78www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom

79www.schc.org

80DOSH Specialist on GHS:

Pam Edwards, Industrial Hygienist, MESDOSH Technical Services, TumwaterPamela.Edwards@lni.wa.gov(360) 902-6457 81

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