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Forum Nucleare Italiano, Roma, 10th March 2011 AGENCE NATIONALE POUR LA GESTION DES DÉCHETS RADIOACTIFS
Strategy and industrialization
Low Level Nuclear Waste Management in France
Nicolas Solente International Division, ANDRA, France
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Contents
The general approach to waste management
Keys for a successful management strategy
Available solutions for low- and intermediate-level short-lived radioactive waste
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The general approach to waste management
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General Framework
Generation of radioactive waste
Multiple origins, wasteforms and packaging
Disposal options require flexibility
Example of the French situation, end of 2007
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Main waste streams: operations
Waste from day-to-day operations
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Waste streams: dismantling
Waste from decommissioning and dismantling
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The main pillars of the approach
Radioactive waste management concerns all citizens
Waste management is a national issue (France: Waste Act 19891, Planning Act 2006, TSN Act 2006)
The national framework defines clearly
who does what ? The whole scope of radwaste management must be addressed
liabilities, funding;
guarantees of transparency & information (eg for public awareness);
the local level involvement;
Knowledge of the waste inventory and its forecast;
Safety is the priority.
NO “WAIT & SEE” POLICY
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Keys for the management strategy
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Strategy for disposal
Activity
Time
Contain and IsolateLimit transfer
and/or amount of long lived activity
300 years for surface disposal
Some 105 years for geological disposal
DIFFERENT WASTE TYPES, SAME OBJECTIVE
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Priorities & agendas
Centre de Morvilliers(waste from dismantling operations)
SHORT-LIVED WASTEPeriod ≤ 31 years
LONG-LIVED WASTEPeriod > 31 years
GRAPHITE, RADIUM-BEARING WASTE
(Studies stage in France)
WASTE FROM DISMANTLING OPERATIONS (CSTFA IN FRANCE SINCE 2003)
High level
Intermediate level
Low level
Very low
level
WASTE FROM SF REPROCESSING PLANTS (Geological disposal facility in France to be commissioned in 2025)
WASTE MAINLY FROM DAY-TO-DAY
OPERATION OF NPPS
(CSFMA in France since 1992)
HL vitrified waste : after reprocessing & cooling,
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Basis for a NPP waste management strategy
To be disposed of after some 60 years
CSTFA & CSFMA (Aube district)
Dismantling: 12000 m3
To be disposed of as from
reactor commissioning
CSFMA (Aube district)
Operation & maintenance (LIL waste) To be
disposed of beyond some 40
years
CIGEO (geological repository in Meuse/Haute-Marne districts)SF reprocessing
(HL waste)
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LIL waste disposal as from reactor commissioning time
To prevent future problems as recovering of degraded packages
100m3/year and by reactor = 25000 m3 in 50 years for 5 reactors
Opportunity to implement simultaneously a solution for radioactive waste produced by non-electronuclear activities: Small-scale nuclear activities (R&D, hospitals, universities, industry,
control & testing, etc);
Water treatment and mining tails
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Available solutions for low- and intermediate-level short-lived radioactive waste
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Centre de stockage FMA de l’Aube
•LOW AND INTERMEDIATE LEVEL SHORT LIVED WASTE
Area : 95 ha (total)30 ha (disposal)
Capacity : 1,000,000 m3 waste packagesCommissioning: 1992Disposed volume : 231,000 m3
(end of 2009)
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Design of "centre de l'aube" disposal facility
A turn out in the way to operate disposal facilities
The design of the centre de l’Aube has been improved by the experience gained during 40 years of waste management and operations on 3 different disposal sites
From prototype to industrial process
Adjusting operational tools to waste generators needs
Long-term issues as a daily concern
Building the experience of the closure of a facility
Obtaining and maintaining confidence of the public
Feed back for existing and planned facilities
And international cooperation Centre de l’Aube often used as a model for new projects
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Waste packages flexibility
All types of waste containers accomodated. No overpack required
Metallic drum with/Without compaction
Ingot from meltingMetallic containerWith/without injection
Concrete container Blocked waste drum
Concrete drum
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Large components disposal
Larges components are disposed in dedicated vaults:
Vessel heads …Other items under investigation: neutron shielding elements,
PWR vessels, transportation containers
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Disposal design
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A mature disposal system
A flexible design Disposal of different package types / uncontainerized waste Modularity of concept: adapts to variations in inventories/deliveries
A robust yet adaptable concept large experience available Concept duplicated in countries with different conditions (waste, quantities, geology, regulations)
A continuous improvement process Adapts to waste producers needs Driven by long term safety Maintains cost efficiency
El Cabril
Lithuania
Spain
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Available solutions for very low short-lived radioactive waste
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The need for a VLLW disposal facility
A significant decommissioning program Nuclear research facilities : by 2010 30 dismantling worksites and 15 sites
completely decommissioned Power plants: under 25 years deconstruction of 9 power reactors Eurodif enrichment plant decommissioning Early reprocessing plants decommissioning
A new regulation being prescribed for nuclear wastes A waste zoning to be implemented in nuclear facilities Nuclear wastes / conventional wastes No clearance level for nuclear wastes
About 650,000 m3 with a very low specific activity (range = a few Bq/g) or just potentially radioactive to be disposed of till 2030
A need for a safe and cost effective disposal solution
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General presentation and design 1/3
Commissioned : August 2003 Footprint : 45 ha including 28.5 ha for the disposal
zone
Disposal capacity : 650,000 m3
26 % of disposal capacity at the end of 2010
Operating lifetime : around 30 years
Initial investment : €40 million
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General presentation and design 2/3
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General presentation and design 3/3
1 - Preparation
2- Construction
3- Operation
4- Implementationof the capping system
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VLLW storage: fit-for-purpose
A fit for purpose solution: safe disposal solution well fitted to the radiological hazards procedures that remain consistent with LIL wastes repositories
Built-in flexibility Types of waste forms Packaging of wastes Cells sizes modified to increase disposal volume
A cost effective disposal option A significant increase of deliveries risk threatens of an anticipated
saturation of the facility
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Conclusions: Lessons learnt
No deferred solutions LLW management solutions required with the first produced kWh
Safety is the primary issue fit-for-purpose solutions
Concept must have built-in flexibilities Built for decades, a repository must adapt to waste producers’ need
The Centre de l’Aube design is a widely used model Concept backed by 40 years of operations, including the closure of the
Centre de la Manche Succesfully transposed to other countries, with different local context