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Contents
1
Product Documentation
First Steps
Basic Photography
Advanced Photography
Playback
Camera Setup
Connections
The Guide to Digital Photography
with the
COOLPIX 990DIGITAL CAMERA
Electronic Edition
Technical Notes
Click to go
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Product DocumentationThank you for your purchase of a COOLPIX 990 digital cam-era. The documentation for this product includes the manualslisted below. Please be sure to read all instructions thoroughlyto get the most from your camera.
Fast Track Guide/For Your Safety In addition to taking first time users step-by-step throughthe process of setting up and using the camera, the printedFast Track Guide gives a quick overview of camera settings.For Your Safety , printed on the reverse of the Fast Track Guide,lists warnings and cautions that should be observed whenusing and storing your camera, together with legal informa-tion. Please keep this document where all those who usethe camera will read it.
Menu GuideThis printed guide provides an overview of the camerasmenus.
Guide to Digital Photography The Guide to Digital Photography (this manual, available in bothelectronic and printed formats) provides detailed informa-tion about your camera. The electronic edition featuresclickable links not available in the printed guide; otherwisethe contents of the two manuals are identical. Both aredivided into the following chapters:
First StepsGuides you step-by-step through the process of setting upyour camera and taking your first photograph
Basic PhotographyIntroduces the shooting options available in A-REC mode, a
point-and-shoot mode that gives you control over flash,focus, and image quality settings, while the camera auto-matically adjusts other settings for the best results
Advanced PhotographyDetails the shooting options available in M-REC mode, anadvanced shooting mode that gives you complete controlover camera settings
PlaybackExplains how to view and delete the photographs stored inthe cameras memory
Camera SetupDetails the options available in the SET-UP menus
ConnectionsDescribes how to connect your camera to a television orcomputer
Technical NotesProvides information on caring for your camera, cameraaccessories, specifications, and troubleshooting
ProductDocumentation
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To make it easier to find the information you need, the follow-ing symbols and conventions are used:
A table of contents appears on the first page of theelectronic Guide to Digital Photography . In addition,each chapter begins with an outline of the topics
covered. Click on the heading to open the guideto the indicated chapter or section.
Click the icon at the bottom right corner of each page for an explanation of the symbols andconventions used in this manual.
Click the icon at the bottom of each page for
an explanation of how to use the camera menus.
Click the icon at the bottom of each page fora quick overview of camera menus.
Click the icon at the bottom of each page toview an illustration identifying camera parts.
Blue text indicates a link to another part of theGuide to Digital Photography . To follow the link, click the blue text.
This icon marks cautions, information that youshould read before use to prevent damage to yourcamera.
This icon marks notes, information that you shouldread before using your camera.
This icon marks tips, additional information you mayfind helpful when using your camera.
This icon marks references to other documenta-tion or to another part of this manual.
This icon is used throughout these manuals to mark cross references to the Fast Track Guide.
This icon is used throughout these manuals to mark cross references to For Your Safety .
This icon is used throughout these manuals to mark cross references to the Guide to Digital Photography .
While this guide is also available in printed format, you may find it conve-nient to print portions of the electronic edition for ease of reference. Thedesired pages can be printed using the Print command in the Adobe
Acrobat Reader File menu.
Printing this manual
ProductDocumentation
About
As part of Nikons Life-Long Learning commitment to providing ongoingproduct support and education, a continuing set of new and updated infor-mation is always available on-line at www.nikon-euro.com . Please visit thissite to keep up-to-date with the latest in product information, tips, FAQs,
and general advice on the subjects of Digital Imaging and Photography.
Life-Long Learning
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First StepsThis chapter: Introduces you to the parts of the COOLPIX 990 and the
camera menus Takes you step-by-step through the process of setting up
your camera Outlines the steps involved in taking photographs and play-ing them back
Getting to Know the COOLPIX 990
Putting Batteries in the Camera
Inserting the Memory Card
Choosing a Language
Setting the Time and Date
Taking a Photograph
Playback and Deletion
FirstSteps
4
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Click
for more information
Shutter-releasebutton
Mode dial
Exposure compensation(FUNC 2) button
Commanddial
Getting to Know the COOLPIX 990
Take a few moments to familiarize yourself with camera con-trols, displays, and menus.
MODE (FUNC 1)button
MENU button
MONITORbutton
Zoom-out (Wide)button
Zoom-in (Tele)button
Multiselector
Image-quality/Size button
Flash/Sensitivity(Thumbnail)button
Focus mode(Delete)
button
Flash-readylamp
Autofocuslamp
Viewfindereyepiece
LCDMonitor
FirstSteps:Getting to Knowthe COOLPIX990
5
The lens section is attached to the camera body by a hinge that permitsthe lens to be rotated through 270 . For more information, see:
First Steps: Taking a Picture
Control panel
Lens
Viewfinder
DC-INconnectorUSB/serial
connector
Diopter-adjust-
ment dial
Photocell
Connectorfor external
flash
Battery-chamber latch
Eyelet forcamera strap
Battery-chamber
cover
Memory-cardslot
Tripodsocket
Built-inflash
VIDEOOUT
Red-eyereduction
lamp
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Control Panel Through the Viewfinder
FirstSteps:Getting to Knowthe COOLPIX990
6
Focus target (A-REC)/Center focus area for manual or
automatic AF area selection (M-REC)
Use this area to framephotographs at ranges of
less than 90 cm (1 yd)
Use the diopter-adjustment dial to adjust viewfinder focus.
Manual focusindicator
Sensitivity (ISO equivalency)indicator
Shutter-speed/aperturedisplay (press to
switch between shutter-
speed and aperture)
Focus mode
Continuous
Flash mode
Exposurecompensationindicator
Exposure count display(shows number of
exposures remaining)Image quality
Image size
Exposuremode
Memory-cardindicator
Battery
indicator
Meteringmode
White-balanceindicator
(FUNC. 1/
FUNC. 2)
Click
for more information
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Camera MenusChanges to some settings can be made with the help of menusthat appear in the LCD monitor. Separate menus are availablefor each operating mode:
LCD Monitor
27
30
28B-LAE-L
P 1/60 F2.7FINEINEVGAA
NOOV
[ 10 ]
BS S
X2.0
ISOSO
+0.7
22
24
20
15
119
1 2 3 54
67
810
121314161718
19
2123
25
26
29
1 Zoom indicator2 Digital zoom3 Focus mode/manual focus dis-
tance4 External flash indicator5 Flash mode (built-in flash)6 Battery indicator7 Image sharpening8 White-balance program9 Sensitivity (ISO equivalency)
10 Image adjustment11 Image size12 Image quality
13 Number of exposures remain-ing at current settings
14 Exposure compensation15 Aperture (f number)
16 Shutter speed17 Exposure mode18 Metering mode19 Continuous (multi-shot) mode20 Exposure bracketing indicator21 Auto-exposure lock 22 White-balance lock 23 Best-shot selection24 Lens converter indicator25 Current folder26 User set number27 Self-timer indicator28 Auto-exposure target (spot
metering)29 Focus areas30 Exposure display (manual expo-
sure mode)
FirstSteps:Getting to Knowthe COOLPIX990
7
Controls
Playback options
Advanced shooting options (e.g.,white balance, metering)
Basic camera setup (e.g., formattingmemory cards, setting time anddate). SET-UP menus for M-RECand PLAY accessible from SHOOT-ING and PLAY BACK menusrespectively. Options availabledepend on operating mode.
Menu
PLAY BACK
SHOOTING
SET-UP
Mode
PLAY
M-REC
A-REC,M-REC,PLAY
Menu operations are performed with the multi selector, theMENU button, and the command dial, as described on the pagesthat follow.
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Highlightoption
Displayoptions
Making a selectionUse the multi selector to make a selection.
31
2
SMENU OF F
METERING
MatrixSpotCenter-WeightedSpot AF Area
A
S EL ECT S ETAA
21
2
SMENU OF F
METERING
MatrixSpotCenter-WeightedSpot AF Area
A
SELECT SETAA
41
2
S
A
SELECT SET
METERING
A
AMENU PAGE2
To go back one step, press the multi selector to the left. The selection for some menu options is made from a sub-menu. Repeat steps 3
and 4 to select the desired setting from the sub-menu. Changes to settings apply as soon as the selection is made. In M-REC mode, the view through the lens is visible behind the main menu. Photo-
graphs can be taken while the menu is displayed by pressing the shutter-releasebutton.
In A-REC mode, the view through the lens can be restored by half-pressing theshutter-release button. You can take a picture at any time by pressing the shutter-release button all the way down. The A-REC menu will be restored when youremove your finger from the shutter-release button.
1
MENU PAGE2
1
2
S
A
SELECT SET
METERING
AAHighlightmenu item
FirstSteps:Getting to Knowthe COOLPIX990
8
Make selection
1
2
S
MENU PAGE2
WHITE BALANCEA
SELECT SET
AA
Viewing the menusPress the MENU button to display the menu for the current mode.
The menu can be hidden by pressing the MENU button when is dis-played in the lower left corner of the LCD monitor (to clear the M-REC menufrom the monitor when MENU PAGE2is displayed as shown at left, press the MENUbutton twice: once to display the second page of the M-REC menu, the secondtime to clear the menu from the screen).
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Multi-page menusUse the multi selector to move between pages in the M-REC menu, or to access the SET-UP menu from the M-REC andplayback menus.
4
MENU OF F
1
2
S
USER SETTING
SELECT SETS
You can also go from Page 1 to Page 2 of the M-REC menu by pressing the MENUbutton once.
The SET-UP menu for playback mode can also be accessed from the main playback menu. The SET-UP menu for M-REC can be accessed from the second page of theM-REC menu.
FirstSteps:Getting to Knowthe COOLPIX990
9
Displayselected page
1 12
S
MENU PAGE2
WHITE BALANCEA
SELECT SET
AA
Positioncursor in main
menu
Highlight pagetab
2 12
S
MENU PAGE2
SHOOTING MENU 1
A
SELECT SET
AA
3
MENU OF F
1
2
S
SHOOTING MENU 2
SELECT SETSHighlight page
number ( S forSET-UP menu)
Using the command dial to make a selectionA icon next to a menu item indicates that the command dial can be used instead of the multi selector to make a selection.
1
2
S
MENU PAGE2
WHITE BALANCE
SELECT SET
A
A
2 Stop whendesired option
is displayed
1
2
S
MENU PAGE2
WHITE BALANCEA
SELECT SET
A
A
1
Rotatecommand dial
Changes to settings apply as soon asthe selection is made. You can thenmake further changes to other settings
as described above, or use the MENUbutton to clear the menu from the dis-play.
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MENU O F F
S
SET-UP
FoldersMonitor OptionsShutter SoundAuto OffSeq. NumbersCF Card FormatDate
SELECT S ET
DATE
2 0 0 0 . 0 1 . 0 1
0 0 : 0 0
Y M D
FirstSteps:Getting to Knowthe COOLPIX 990
1The A-REC Menu
CF CARD FORMAT
NoFormat
WARNING!All images willbe deleted!
3 0 S1 M5 M3 0 M
BrightnessHue
ONOFFReset
OptionsN I K O N
ONOFF
OPTIONS
New
Delete
Rename
BRIGHTNESS
HUE
NEW
LM
N I K O N
OPRENAME
N O V
S H O WDELETE
S H O WN O V
RENAME
QR
S H O W
T
U
DELETE
YesNo
S H O Wdeleting folder?
Click
for more information
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MENU O F F
1
2
S
USER SETTING
SELECT SETS
1
2
S
MENU PAGE2
WHITE BALANCEA
SELECT SET
AA
FirstStep
s:Getting to Knowthe COOLPIX 990
11
USER SETTING
RESET ALL
NoReset
Reset all settingsto default values?
FOCUS OPTIONS
AF Area ModeAuto Focus ModeFocus ConfirmationDistance Units
ZOOM OPTIONS
Digital TeleStartup PositionFixed Aperture
SPEEDLIGHT OPT.
Variable PowerSpeedlight Cntrl
The M-REC Menu, Page 1 The M-REC Menu, Page 2
IMAGE SHARPENING
HighNormalLow
Auto
Off
A IMAGE ADJUSTMENT
NormalAuto
More ContrastLess ContrastLighten ImageDarken Image
0
Black&White
A
LENS
NormalWide AdapterTelephoto 1Telephoto 2Fisheye 1Fisheye 2
METERINGMatrixSpotCenter- WeightedSpot AF Area
BSS
OFFON
CONTINUOUS
SingleContinuousMulti-shot 16VGA SequenceUltra HSMovie
WHITE BALANCEAutoWhiteite Bal Pres ettFineIncandescentncandescentFluorescentluorescentC loudyoudySpeedlight
A
EXPOSURE OPTIONSAE LockAuto BracketingExp +/
WHITE BALANCE PRESET
CancelMeasure
MFONOFF
m
ft
AutoManualOff
Continuous AFSingle AF
OFFON
Last PositionWideTele
ONOFF
+ 0. 3
0. 3
0
le PowerInt & Ext ActiveInt Flash Off
OFFONReset
OFFON
+ 0. 3
0. 3
0
Click
for more information
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SET-UP
FoldersMonitor OptionsControlsAuto OffSeq. NumbersCF Card Format
Shutter SoundShot Confirm LampDateVideo ModeLanguage
FirstStep
s:Getting to Knowthe COOLPIX 990
12The M-REC Set-up Menu
DATE
2 0 0 0 . 0 1 . 0 1
0 0 : 0 0
Y M D
CF CARD FORMAT
NoFormat
WARNING!All images willbe deleted!
3 0 S1 M5 M3 0 M
Display ModeBrightnessHue
ONOFFResetON
OFF
NTSCPAL
DEFJ
MemorizeFunc.1Func.2
OptionsN I K O N
ONOFF
BRIGHTNESS DISPLAY MODE
ONReview OnlyPreview OnlyMonitor Off
HUE
MEMORIZE
Mode
DoneFUNC. 1
Mode
Metering
White Balance
FUNC. 2
Mode
Metering
White Balance
OPTIONS
New
Delete
Rename
NEW
LM
N I K O N
OP
RENAME
N O VS H O W
DELETE
S H O W
N O V
RENAME
QR
S H O W
TU
DELETE
Yes
No
S H O Wdeleting folder?
Click for more information
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MENU OF F
1
S
SET-UP
Monitor OptionsShutter SoundAuto Off
DateVideo Mode
CF Card Format
LanguageSELECT SET
MENU OF F
1
S
PLAY BACK MENU
DeleteFoldersSlide ShowProtectHide ImagePrint SetSet-up
SELECT SETS
FirstStep
s:Getting to Knowthe COOLPIX 990
13The Playback Menu The Playback Set-up Menu
DATE
2 0 0 0 . 0 1 . 0 1
0 0 : 0 0
Y M D
CF CARD FORMAT
NoFormat
WARNING!All images willbe deleted!
3 0 S1 M5 M3 0 M
BrightnessHue
ON
OFF
NTSCPAL
DEFJ
DELETE
Print Set
Selected Images
FolderAll Images
SLIDE SHOW
(Pause )
StartFrame Intvl
HIDE IMAGE
FOLDERS
N O V
Options
N I K O NAll Folders
PROTECTPRINT
DELETE
DELETE
S H O WN O V
ERASE ALL IMAGES
YesNo
Erasing all images( excluded)
OPTIONS
New
Delete
Rename
PRINT SET
InfoDate
Done
BRIGHTNESS
HUE
Click
for more information
1
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FirstSteps:Putting Batteries inthe Camera
1
For more information on:
The batteries can be removed without affecting photographs stored onthe cameras memory card. All M-REC settings except date and languagewill, however, be reset.
The cameras clock-calendar is powered by a separate rechargeable bat-tery. When you put batteries in your camera for the first time or after along period of storage, wait a few hours for the clock battery to recharge
before removing the main batteries.
Putting Batteries in the Camera
1 Turn the camera off Turn the mode dial to the off position.If the camera is on a tripod, removethe tripod before proceeding to thenext step.
2 Open the battery-chamber coverFirmly pressing the button in the cen-ter of the latch, slide the latch to theopen position ( ), then open the bat-tery-chamber cover as shown at right.
3 Insert the batteriesInsert four LR6 (AA) batteries with the+ and poles oriented as shown inthe label inside of the battery-cham-ber cover.
4 Close and latch the battery-chamber coverClose the battery-chamber cover and, keeping the coverheld firmly closed by pressing it where labeled w Push ,return the latch to the locked position ( ). To prevent thebatteries from falling out of the camera during operation,confirm that the cover is latched.
5 Check the battery levelTurn the mode dial to A-REC and check the battery level inthe control panel.
Batteries fully charged
Low batteryReplace the batteries as soon as possible.
Batteries exhaustedNo photographs can be taken until the batterieshave been replaced.
Battery types approved for use in your camera
Safe storage and handling of batteries
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While alkaline batteries are suitable for use in the COOLPIX 990, batterylife can be extended by using high-capacity lithium or nickel-metal hydride(Ni-MH) batteries.
The following techniques can be used to extend battery life: Turn the LCD monitor off whenever possible (see right). Turning the
monitor off eliminates the single biggest draw on battery power. If the batteries become exhausted, try turning the camera off and warming
the batteries gently, for example in an inside pocket. The batteries mayrecover sufficient charge for a few extra shots with the monitor turnedoff.
Use the AC adapter (available separately) when the camera is connectedto a computer, when playing images back, or when using the slide-showoption.
In M-REC mode, power consumption is also affected by the options in theFOCUS OPTIONS > Autofocus Mode and the SET-UP > MonitorOptions > Display Mode sub-menus (see table below).
Extending battery life
FirstStep
s:Putting Batteries inthe Camera
15
Powerconsumption
Autofocus modeDisplay mode
High
Low
Review Only N.A.*
Monitor Off N.A.*
On /Preview Only
Single AF
Continuous AF
* Single autofocus is used while Review Only or Monitor Off are ineffect.
For more information on:
Connecting to a computer
Playback
Autofocus mode
Focus options
Display mode
The MONITOR button
The MONITOR button controls the LCD monitor. Press the button tocycle through monitor settings as shown below.
Monitor on,settings displayed
Monitor on,settings hidden
Monitor off
Press
Press
Press
1i d
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FirstStep
s:Inserting the Mem
ory Card
For more information on:
Inserting the Memory Card
1 Turn the camera off Turn the mode dial to the off position.
2 Insert the memory card
Open the card-slot cover (1) and in-sert the card (2) oriented as shown inthe v INSERT label on the undersideof the cover, sliding it in until it is firmlyin place at the back of the slot and theeject button pops up (3).
3Close the card-slot coverFold the eject button back into posi-tion (4) and close the card-slot cover(5). If the button is not folded overwhen the cover is closed, closing thecover may partially eject the card, caus-ing errors in recording photographs or
during playback.
Safe handling of memory cards
Approved memory cards
Reading memory cards with a computer
Formatting memory cards
Memory cards must be formatted for use in the COOLPIX 990 beforethey can be used. To format the memory card:
Select A-REC
1
Press MENU OF FS
SET-UP
FoldersMonitor OptionsShutter SoundAuto OffSeq. NumbersCF Card FormatDate
SELECT SET
2 A-REC setupmenu displayed
Removing memory cards
Memory cards can be removed without loss of datawhen the camera is off. To remove memory cards,turn the camera off and open the card-slot cover.Stand the eject button up (6) and press it down (7)to eject the card.
Highlight CFCard Format
MENU OF F
S
SET-UP
FoldersMonitor OptionsShutter SoundAuto OffSeq. NumbersCF Card FormatDate
SELECT SET
3
Press
4
Confirmation dialog displayed. Press multiselector down to highlight Format , then pressto right to format card. Do not turn camera off or remove card until FORMATTING messagehas disappeared from display. All data on cardwill be permanently deleted.
MENU OF F
S
CF CARD FORMAT
SELECT SET
NoFormat
WARNING!All images willbe deleted!
5
14 Choose a language from the Language sub menu
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MENUOF F
1
S
PLAY BACK MENU
DeleteFoldersSlide ShowProtectHide ImagePrint SetSet-up
SELECTSET
SHighlightSet-up
FirstSteps:Choosing aLanguage
Choosing a Language
The language in which menus and messages are displayed canbe set using the Language sub-menu.
1 Turn the mode dial to PLAY
2 Press the MENU buttonThe playback menu will be displayed (the appearance of themenu will vary depending on the language currently selected).
3 Display the SET-UP menu
4 Choose a language from the Language sub-menu
MENU OF F
1
S
PLAY BACK MENU
DeleteFoldersSlide ShowProtectHide ImagePrint SetSet-up
SELECT SET
S
A
B
MENU OF F
1
S
SET-UP
Monitor OptionsShutter SoundAuto Off
DateVideo Mode
CF Card Format
LanguageSELECT SETPress
MENU OF F
1
S
SET-UP
Monitor OptionsShutter SoundAuto Off
DateVideo Mode
CF Card Format
LanguageSELECT SETHighlight
Language
A
B
MENU OF F
1
S
LANGUAGE
SELECT SET
Monitor OptionsShutter SoundAuto Off
DateVideo Mode
CF Card Format
Language
DEFJ
The languages available in the Language sub-menu are:D German (Deutsch)E EnglishF French (Franais) J Japanese
Press
PressMENU OF F
1
S
LANGUAGE
SELECT SET
Monitor OptionsShutter SoundAuto Off
DateVideo Mode
CF Card Format
Language
DEFJHighlight
option
C D
1S i h Ti d D 4 Display the DATE menu
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FirstSteps:Setting the Time andDate
Setting the Time and Date
1 Turn the mode dial to PLAY
2 Press the MENU buttonThe playback menu will be displayed.
3 Display the SET-UP menu
4 Display the DATE menu
MENU OF F
1
S
PLAY BACK MENUDeleteFoldersSlide ShowProtectHide ImagePrint SetSet-up
SELECT SETS
Any photographs taken before the time and date have been set will have atime stamp of 2000/01/01 0:00. Until you have set the time and date, aflashing clock icon will be displayed in the top right corner of the LCDmonitor when the camera is set to A-REC or M-REC.
The clock-calendar is powered by a separate, rechargeable battery, whichis charged as necessary when the main batteries are installed. If the cam-era has been stored with the main batteries removed for a long period of time, the clock may need to be reset. Once the main batteries have beenreinserted, the clock battery will recharge in several hours, during which
time the batteries should be left in the camera.
MENU OF F
1
S
PLAY BACK MENUDeleteFoldersSlide ShowProtectHide ImagePrint SetSet-up
SELECT SETSHighlight
Set-up
A
B
MENU OF F
1
S
SET-UP
Monitor OptionsShutter SoundAuto Off
DateVideo Mode
CF Card Format
LanguageSELECT SETPress
MENU OF F
1
S
SET-UP
Monitor OptionsShutter SoundAuto Off
DateVideo Mode
CF Card Format
LanguageSELECT SETHighlight
Date
A
B
MENU OF F
1
S
DATE
2 0 0 0 . 0 1 . 0 1
0 0 : 0 0
Y M D
SELECT SETPress
15 Set the time and date using the multi selector 6 Exit the DATE menu
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FirstSteps:Setting the Time andDate
B
MENU OF F
1
S
DATE
2 0 0 0 . 0 2 . 0 1
0 0 : 0 0
Y M D
SELECT SETEdit selecteditem
A
MENU OF F
1
S
DATE
2 0 0 0 . 0 1 . 0 1
0 0 : 0 0
Y M D
SELECT SETHighlightdesired item
MENU OF F
1
S
DATE
2 0 0 0 . 0 4 . 2 4
2 0 : 1 6
Y M D
SETSELECT
5 Set the time and date using the multi selector 6 Exit the DATE menuTo set the time and date to the values displayed, highlightY M D and press the multi selector to the right.
To exit without changing the timeand date, press the MENU button.
To change the or-der in which theyear, month, and dayare displayed, high-light Y M D an dpress the multi se-lector up or downto cycle throughsettings in the fol-lowing order:
Y M D
M D Y
D M Y
2Taking a Photograph In you can control the camera controls
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FirstSteps:Taking aPhotograph
Taking a Photograph
The COOLPIX 990 offers two shooting modes, A-REC andM-REC. In A-REC, the majority of camera settings are con-trolled by the camera in response to lighting conditions andfocus distance, producing the best possible results. M-REC
allows you greater control over such settings as shutter speed,aperture, and white balance.
In
A-REC
you can control
Optical and digitalzoom
Flash settings Focus mode
(autofocus, macro-close-up, infinity, self-timer)
Image size and quality Exposure compensa-
tion
the camera controls
Shutter speed Aperture Focus distance (in
autofocus and macro-close-up modes)
Exposure metering White balance Contrast Sharpness
M-REC
All settings listed above,as well as: Focus area
Focus distance(manual focus)
Sensitivity (ISOequivalency)
Advance rate (singleframe, continuous,video)
Best-shot selection for
sharper, clearer photo-graphs
Other settings
Depending on theexposure mode se-lected, the camera can
control any or all of shutter speed, aperture,and focus distance inresponse to othersettings made by theuser
This section outlines the basic steps involved in taking a pho- 3 Check the number of exposures remaining
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P 1/60/60 F2.7.7NORMALORMAL
[ 100 ]
s sect o out es t e bas c steps vo ved ta g a p otograph in A-REC mode.
1 Remove the lens capRemove the lens cap as shown below.
2 Turn the mode dial to A-RECAfter a short pause, a beep will soundand current settings will be displayed inthe LCD monitor and the control panel.
3 Check the number of exposures remainingThe control panel and LCD monitor show the number of exposures remaining at current settings for image qualityand size.
FirstSteps:Taking aPhotograph
The MONITOR button
The monitor button controls the LCD monitor. Press the button to cyclethrough monitor settings as shown below.
Monitor on,settings displayed
Monitor on,settings hidden
Monitor off
P 1/60/60 F2.7.7NORMALORMAL
[ 100]
When this number reaches zero, you will need to insert anew memory card or delete some pictures before you willbe able to take more photographs. It may be possible to
record more photographs at a different image quality orsize.
Press
Press
Press
Number of exposures remaining
Lift latch andremove cap
For more information on:
Deleting photographs
Image quality and size
4 Adjust camera settings 22Before taking a photograph, you can make changes to these
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Focus mode
j gWhen the mode dial is turned to A-REC, the following set-tings will return to their default values:
For more information on:
Using the flash
Focus mode
Image quality and size
Exposure compensation
FirstSteps:Taking aPhotograph
g p g p , y gsettings using the camera buttons and command dial.
OperationButton Controls
Press
Press
Press
Image size
Full XGA VGA 3 : 2
Press while turn-ing command dial
Exposurecompensation
(2.0 EV to +2.0 EV inincrements of 0.3 EV)
Press while turn-ing command dial
The icons shown above are displayed in the control panel.
Image qualityFINE
BASICNORMAL
Flash mode
Autofocus
* These settings apply the first time you turn the camera on.Image quality and size are not restored to default settings thenext time the mode dial is turned to A-REC (an image-quality
setting of HI becomes FINE in A-REC).
Setting
Flash mode
Focus mode
Image quality
Image size
Exposurecompensation
Description
Flash fires automaticallywhen lighting is poor
Camera focuses automati-cally at distances over30 cm (1 ft)
Photographs compressedfor best balance betweenfile size and image quality
Photographs are 2048 1536 pixels in size
No exposure compensa-tion performed
Default
Auto
Autofocus
Normal *
Full*
0 EV
5 Ready the camera 23Frame photographs in the monitor when:
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yTo reduce blurring caused by camera shake, hold the cam-era firmly in both hands. Photographs can be framed in theLCD monitor (A) or the viewfinder (B).
FirstSteps:Taking aPhotograp
h
Keep your fingers and other objects away from the lens and flash windowwhen taking photographs.
When framing photographs in the viewfinder at ranges of 90 cm(1 yd) or less, use the smaller of the two frames in the viewfinderdisplay (the area shaded in purple in the illustration at right).
you are using macro close-up you are using digital zoom you are using a lens converter image size is set to 3 : 2 you want direct confirmation of camera settings or the
view through the lens
Frame photographs in the viewfinder when: you want to save power by turning the monitor off bright ambient lighting conditions make it difficult to see
the display in the monitor
A B
26 Select your subjectWhen framing photographs in the LCD monitor, you can
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FirstSteps:Taking aPhotograp
h
Button Operation Function
Frame the photograph using the zoom buttons.
For more information on:
Macro close-up
Optical and digital zoom
Lens converters
Image size
take advantage of the rotating lens section to hold the cam-era at almost any angle. You can even rotate the lens topoint at yourself and frame self-portraits in the monitor, asshown below (in this case, all indicators are hidden and themonitor shows a mirror image of what will appear in the
final photograph).Press
Zoom camera out(zoom position shown in LCD
monitor)
P 1/60 F2.7NORMALORMAL
[ 10 ]
Press
Zoom camera in
P 1/60 F2.7NORMALORMAL
[ 10 ]
Hold for2 sec. at
maximumopticalzoom
position
Enter digital zoom mode
P
X2.0
1/60 F2.7NORMALORMAL
[ 10 ]
Digital zoom ratio can beadjusted using andbuttons. Press button atminimum digital zoom ratio toreturn to optical zoom.
258 Take the photograph7 Focus
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FirstSteps:Taking aPhotograp
h
For more information on:
Autofocus
Focus lock
Focus area
Using the flash
To take a photograph, press the shutter-release button all the way down. A beepwill sound to let you know that a pho-tograph has been taken, and the greenAF lamp will blink slowly while the im-
age is saved to the memory card.
In A-REC, the camera focuses on thecenter of the frame, shown by the fo-cus target in the viewfinder. Before tak-ing a photograph, press the shutter-re-lease button halfway to initiate
autofocus, and check the status of theautofocus lamp (green) and the flashlamp (red) next to the viewfinder.
MeaningLamp
Camera unable to focus usingautofocus. Use focus lock tofocus on another subject at samedistance, then recompose photo-graph.
Subject in focus
AFlam
p
Flashes rapidly
Glows steadily
Flashlamp
Glows steadily Flash will fire when photograph istaken
Flash charging. Remove fingerbriefly from shutter-releasebutton, then try again.
Blinks
Flash not required or flash set tooff
Off
29 Check the results 10Turn the camera off
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w w
FirstSteps:Taking aPhotograp
h
After a photograph has been taken, the autofocus lamp willblink and an hourglass icon ( ) will be displayed in the LCDmonitor while the photograph is recorded. Before the pho-tograph is transferred to the memory card, it will be dis-played briefly in the LCD monitor.
When you have finished using the cam-era, be sure to turn the mode dial toOFF. To avoid wasting batteries, check that the camera is off before putting itaway.
11 Replace the lens capReplace the lens cap as shown below.
Press to deletephotograph
Press to pause display for 20 sec.Press again to record photograph,or press ( ) to delete as
shown at left. Photograph re-corded automatically after 20 sec.
MENU OF F
DELETE
SELECT
YesNo
SET
erase images?
Delete dialog displayed. Press multiselector up or down to highlight option,press to right to select. Select Yes to delete photograph Select No to save photograph and
return to shooting mode
While photographs are being recorded to the memory card, the autofocuslamp will blink. Do not eject the memory card, remove the batteries, orunplug the AC adapter (available separately) until the lamp has stoppedblinking. Removing the card or cutting power while recording is in progresscould result in loss of data.
Lift latch andreplace cap
2Playback and Deletion Single-image playback
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FirstSteps:Playback andDeletion
y
Photographs stored on the memory card can be played back for review or deletion.
1 Turn the mode dial to PLAYThe most recent photograph in memory will be displayedin the LCD monitor.
2000.04.25000.04.2514:20
NORMAL 5/5 ]
100NIKON0005.JPG
The MONITOR button
The monitor button controls the LCD monitor. Press the button to cyclethrough monitor settings as shown below.
Monitor on,photo info displayed
Monitor on,photo info hidden
Monitor off
Press
Press
Press
OperationButton Function
Press
Zoom in on currentphotograph (use multiselector to view other
areas of image)( )
Cancel zoomPress
Select current photo
for deletionPress( )
Start or stop movieplayback Press
Press up or left toview earlier images,down or right toview later images
View other photo-graphs in memory oneat a time (hold down
to scroll rapidly todesired frame number)
Rotate
View additional infor-mation on current
photo
2Thumbnail playback Deleting photographs
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FirstSteps:Playback andDeletion
OperationButton FunctionSingle-image
playbackThumbnail
playback000.04.25000.04.25
14:204:20
ORMALORMAL 5/5 ]
100NIK00NIKONN0005.JPG
( ) Press
Press once to displaymenu of nine thumbnailimages, twice to displayfour thumbnail images,
a third time to returnto single-image play-
back
Press ( )
button
MENU OF F
DELETE
SELECT
YesNo
SET
erase images?
Delete dialog displayed. Press multiselector up or down to highlightoption, press to right to select. Select Yes to delete photograph
Select No to save photograph andreturn to shooting mode
Highlight thumbnail.Use ( ) button
to view highlightedthumbnail at full size.
Press up, left,down, or right
Select highlightedthumbnail for deletionPress( )
Rotate
Scroll through thumb-nails page by page
2Basic Photography These topics are covered in the sections that follow.
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BasicPhotography
Optical and Digital Zoom
Using the Flash
Focus
Using the Self-Timer
Image Quality and Size
Exposure Compensation
Reviewing Photographs
This chapter covers operations that can be performed usingthe cameras dials and buttons in A-REC mode. A-REC modeis a simple, point-and-shoot mode in which the majority of settings are made automatically by the camera to produce thebest results. The user controls the following settings directlyby means of the cameras buttons and dials:
optical and digital zoom flash settings focus-mode settings image quality and size exposure compensation
In addition, you can also perform the following operations inA-REC mode:
focus lock delay shutter release using the self-timer review and delete photographs as they are taken
Click to go
3Optical and Digital Zoom Digital Zoom
At th i ti l iti h ldi th b t
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BasicPhotography:OpticalandDigitalZoom
The COOLPIX 990 is equipped with motor-driven, 3 opticalzoom linked to the viewfinder. By changing the area visible inthe viewfinder (the field of view), zoom helps you establishthe right balance between subject and background. A wide
field of view is suitable for group portraits or landscapes, anarrow field of view for close-ups or long-range photography.Digital zoom can be used to further enlarge photographs elec-tronically by up to 4.0. Note that zooming in on a subjecttends to decrease the amount of light entering the camera,resulting in slower shutter speeds, while simultaneously de-creasing the apparent distance between the subject and the
background. Zooming out has the opposite effect.
Optical ZoomPhotos can be framed in the viewfinder or LCD monitor usingthe zoom buttons.
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Indicator in LCDmonitor displays amount
of zoom while eitherbutton is pressedZoom inZoom out
At the maximum optical zoom position, holding the but-ton down for two seconds triggers digital zoom.
While digital zoom is in effect, the zoom factor increases eachtime the button is pressed, to a maximum of 4.0. Press-ing the button decreases the zoom factor. To restore op-tical zoom, press the button until the digital zoom indica-tor disappears.
P 1/60 F2.7NORMALORMAL
[ 10 ]
AF lamp blinks slowlyto show that photoscan not be accuratelyframed in viewfinder
P
.2.0
1/60 F2.7NORMALORMAL
[ 10 ]
Maximum opticalzoom position
Zoom factor displayedin LCD monitor
Hold for twoseconds
31Digital zoom Using the Flash
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BasicPhotography:Using the Flash
For more information on:
Initial zoom position
Digital zoom settings
Zoom aperture
Metering
Focus area selection
Image adjustment
In digital zoom, image data from the CCD are processed digitally, enlargingthe center portion of the image to fill the frame. Unlike optical zoom,digital zoom does not increase the amount of detail visible in the photo-graph. Instead, details visible at maximum zoom are enlarged, producing aslightly grainy image. Because only the center portion of the image ap-pears in the final photograph, center-weighted metering is used, and the
center focus area is automatically selected.
Digital zoom can not be used when Black & White is chosen in theM-REC IMAGE ADJUSTMENT sub-menu.
The effects of digital zoom are not visible in the viewfinder. Digital zoomis only available when the LCD monitor is on or the camera is connectedto a television set.
The flash settings can be changed in A-REC and M-REC modesusing the button.
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Confirm flash setting incontrol panel or LCDmonitor (setting notdisplayed in monitorwhen flash set to auto)
Press
Flash fires whenlighting is poorAuto Best for general use
Flash will not fireeven when lighting
is poor
Use where flash is prohib-ited or to capture natural
lighting under dim light
(use of tripod advisedwhen lighting is poor)
Flash
Cancel (off)
How it worksSetting When to use it
The following flash settings are available:
32How it worksSetting When to use it
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BasicPhotography:Using the Flash
For more information on:
Safe flash use
Focus mode
Multi-shot settings
Best-shot selection
Lens converter settings
Exposure options
Flash exposure level
Using an external flash
When lighting is poor and the flash is set to Off ( ) or Slow Sync( ), shutter speed slows and photos may be blurred. If possible, use atripod when lighting is poor. At speeds of below 1/4 sec., the shutter speedindicator in the LCD monitor turns yellow. Noise may appear in photo-graphs taken at speeds slower than this value.
The built-in flash will automatically be set to Off ( ) when: you use autofocus with a setting of Infinity ( ) you choose a multi-shot setting of Continuous , Multi-shot 16, VGA
Sequence , or Ultra HS (an external flash can still be used with thesesettings)
you choose a multi-shot setting of Movie you use best-shot selection (BSS) you use lens converter (LENS) settings the AE Lock option in the EXPOSURE OPTIONS sub-menu is on
When using the flash, be sure the flash window is unobstructed.
Pre-flash lamp firesbefore main flashto minimize red-
eye caused byflash reflecting
from retina
Auto withred-eye
reduction
Use for portraits (worksbest when subjects are
well within range of flashand are looking directly at
camera)
Flash fires when-ever photo is
taken
AnytimeFlash (fill
flash)
Use to fill-in (illuminate)back-lit subjects
A short pause is required between exposures for the flash system to charge.While the flash is charging, the red flash lamp next to the viewfinder willblink when the shutter-release button is pressed halfway. Try again afterbriefly removing your finger from the shutter-release button.
Auto flash com-bined with low
shutter speed
Slowsynchro-
nized
Use to capture bothsubject and background at
night or under low lightconditions
33Focus Focus mode will cycle through the following settings:
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BasicPhotography:Focus
A-REC offers a choice of three autofocus settings, plus a self-timer mode. Focus mode can be set in A-REC or M-REC usingthe button.
How it worksSetting When to use it
Camera automati-cally adjusts focus
according todistance to subject
NO ICONAutofocus
Use with subject 30 cm(1 ft) or more from lens
Focus is fixed atinfinity. Flash is
disabled.
Use for photographingdistant scenes in daylight(a manual focus setting of Inf is available for whenyou want to use the flash)
Infinity
Focus adjustedautomatically for
subjects 2 cm(0.8 in) or more
from lens
MacroClose-up
Use for close-up photog-raphy
Shutter releasedelayed 10 sec.after shutter-
release button is
pressed (releasedelayed 3 sec. if pressed twice)
Self-timer
Use for self-portraits orto reduce camera shake.
Focus mode set to(macro close-up), allowing
photographs to be takenat ranges of 2 cm to
infinity.
When the camera is zoomed to the middle optical zoom position, macro
close-up can be used with subjects as little as 2 cm (0.8 in) from the lens.At zoom positions suited to macro close-up, the macro close-up icon( ) in the LCD monitor will turn yellow.
It is recommended that you frame photographs in the LCD monitor whenusing macro close-up.
While the flash can be used in macro close-up mode, it may sometimes beunable to light the entire subject. Take a test picture and verify the resultsin the LCD monitor.
Macro close-up
For more information on:
Manual focus
Using the self-timer
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[ 100]
Confirm focus-modesetting in control panelor LCD monitorPress
3Autofocus ModeAt settings of autofocus or macro close-up the camera
In A-REC, autofocus mode is determined by whether the LCDmonitor is on or off: continuousAF is used when the monitor
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BasicPhotography:Focus
At settings of autofocus or macro close up , the cameraautomatically focuses on the subject in the selected focus areawhen the shutter-release button is pressed halfway (in A-RECmode, the camera automatically focuses on the subject in thecenter focus area). The autofocus system operates in one of
two modes:
monitor is on or off: continuous AF is used when the monitoris on, single AF when it is off. M-REC offers additional settingsthat give greater control over autofocus mode.
How it worksAF Mode Pros and cons
Camera focuseswhen shutter-release button
pressed halfway
PROPhotographs can only betaken when camera is infocus; saves batteries
CONSlight delay beforecamera focuses
Single
Camera adjustsfocus continuouslyContinuous
PROMinimizes time requiredto focus
CONPhotos can be takeneven when camera isnot focusedcheck AFlamp before shooting
Getting good results with autofocus
Autofocus performs best when: There is contrast between the subject and the background. For ex-
ample, autofocus may not perform well on subjects that are the samecolor as the background.
The subject is evenly lit.
Autofocus does not perform well when: The focus area contains objects at different distances from the camera.
For example, autofocus may not perform well when photographing anobject inside a cage, as the bars of the cage will be closer to the camerathan the main subject.
The subject is very dark (the subject should not, however, be too muchbrighter than the background).
The subject is moving rapidly.
If the camera is unable to focus using autofocus, use focus lock to focus onanother subject at the same distance, or measure the distance to yoursubject and use manual focus. For more information, see:
Focus lock (following)
Advanced Photography: Manual Focus
For more information on:
Autofocus mode (M-REC)
Focus area
35Focus LockInA-REC mode, the camera automatically focuses on the sub-
2 Check the AF lampWith the shutter-release button held halfway down, check
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BasicPhotography:Focus
In A REC mode, the camera automatically focuses on the sub ject at the center of the frame. If your subject is not located atthe center of the frame when the shutter-release button ispressed halfway, the camera will focus on the background. Fo-cus lock allows you to first focus on your subject, then adjust
the composition before taking the photograph.1 Focus the camera
Position the subject in the center focus area (shown by thefocus target in the viewfinder) and press the shutter-re-lease button halfway.
y ,that the green AF lamp next to the viewfinder glows steadily.
3 Recompose the photograph and shootFocus will remain locked as long as the shutter-release but-ton is held halfway. Keeping the shutter-release button heldhalfway down, recompose your photograph. Press the shut-ter-release button the rest of the way down to shoot.
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[ 100]
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[ 10 ]
Do not change the distance between the camera and the sub-
ject while focus lock is in effect. If your subject moves, removeyour finger from the shutter-release button and focus again atthe new distance.
In M-REC mode, you can also use focus area selection to focus on an off-center subject. See:
Advanced Photography: Focus Area Selection
3Using the Self-Timer 3 Compose the photograph.
4 F ll d h h l b
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BasicPhotography:Using the Self-Timer
The COOLPIX 990 is equipped with an automatic timer withtwo settings: three seconds, useful for reducing camera shake,and ten seconds, ideal for self-portraits. To use the self-timer,follow these steps:
1 Mount the camera on a tripod (recommended) or rest iton a flat, stable surface.
2 Press the button until the icon appears in thecontrol panel or LCD monitor.
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[ 100]
3
4 Fully depress the shutter-release but-ton to activate the timer. Press theshutter-release button once for a ten-second delay. For a three-second de-lay, press the shutter-release buttontwice.
The red-eye reduction lamp next to the flash window willstart to blink when the shutter-release button is pressed,and continue to blink until one second before the shutter isreleased. The red-eye reduction lamp will stay lit during thefinal second to warn that the shutter is about to be re-
leased.
To stop the automatic timer before a photograph is taken, turn the modedial to a different setting. The timer will stop and the indicator will disap-pear from the control panel and LCD monitor.
Count-down timer in LCDmonitor shows number of seconds remaining toshutter release after shutter-release button fully pressed
Image Quality and Size
3Image QualityTo reduce memory requirements, images are compressed us-
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Image quality and size together determine the file size of pho-tographs taken with the camera. This in turn determines howmany photographs can be stored on a single memory card.The number of images that can be stored at different combina-tions of image quality and size is illustrated in the followingtables:
P 1/60 F2.7NORMALORMAL
[ 10 ]
BasicPhotography:Image Quality andSize
Setting File format How it works
y q g ping JPEG compression, which can result in changes in imagequality. Image quality is set using the button.
QualitySize
Full XGA VGA 3 : 2
HI 10 11
FINE 61 239 588 69
NORMAL 121 466 1101 137
BASIC 239 885 1952 269
Number of images that can be stored on 96 MB memory card
Press
Confirm image qualitysetting in control panelor LCD monitor
HI(M-REC
only)TIFF No compression, maximumquality
FINE JPEG File size reduced to roughly1/4
of original
NORMAL JPEG File size reduced to roughly1/8
of original
BASIC JPEG File size reduced to roughly1/16
of original
Image quality will cycle through the following settings:
Quality
HI
FINENORMAL
BASIC
SizeXGA VGA 3 : 2
8MB 16 MB 8MB 16 MB 8MB 16 MB 8MB 16 MB
Number of images that can be stored on 8 MB and 16 MB memory cards
1938
73
4891
161
0
511
22
1
1020
40
4079
151
100187
333
1
1123
46
Full
0
510
19
3 JPEG compression analyzes images in blocks 8 8 pixels insize, and selectively reduces detail within each block. At higher
Setting Size (pixels) Notes
The following options are available:
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BasicPhotography:Image Quality andSize
compression ratios, the block pattern becomes more visibleand there may be noticeable loss of detail. The actual effectdepends on the size of the image when output on a monitoror printer and on the type of subject. While a setting of NOR-
MAL represents the best trade-off between memory and im-age quality in most cases, a setting of BASIC can be used tosave memory. Settings of HI (M-REC only) or FINE are suit-able for photographs that will be enlarged or printed at highresolution.
Image SizeImage size can be set by holding down the button whileturning the command dial.
P 1/60 F2.7NORMALORMAL
[ 38 ]
VGAA
Confirmsize settingin controlpanel orLCDmonitor
Setting Size (pixels) Notes
Full 2048 1536
VGA 640 480 Not available at HI imagequality
XGA 1024 768 Not available at HI imagequality
Same aspect ratio as 35 mmfilm. AF lamp blinks slowly to
indicate that viewfinder can notbe used to frame photo accu-
rately. Use LCD monitor.
3 : 2 2048 1360
Image size determines the size at which an image can be reproduced on aprinter or monitor. If the output size is too large, the individual pixels willbe visible to the naked eye, giving the image a rough, uneven appearance. A
typical target resolution for an ink-jet printer is about 200 pixels per inch.At this resolution, a VGA picture will be output at a size of 3.2 2.4 inches(8.1 6.1 cm), a full-size image at a size of about 10.2 7.7 inches(26.0 19.5 cm). Computer monitors typically have a resolution of about100 pixels per inch.
JPEG compression (image quality) reduces file size, but has no effect onthe number of pixels in the image or on the size of the image when outputon a printer or monitor.
3Exposure Compensation
b h d d l h b
To cancel exposure compensation, set the compensation valueto 0.0 EV.
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BasicPhotography:Exposure C
ompensation
To obtain the desired result with certain subject compositions,particularly those containing complex patterns of light and shadeor areas of high contrast, it may be necessary to use exposurecompensation to modify the exposure value suggested by thecamera. Exposure compensation is available in both A-RECand M-REC.
Exposure compensation can be set to values between +2.0 EV(overexposure) and 2.0 EV (underexposure) in increments of 1/3 EV.
By default, exposure compensation returns to 0.0 when the camera isturned off. In M-REC mode, the camera can be set to remember thecompensation value in effect when the mode dial is turned off, restoringthe value when the mode dial is next set to M-REC. For more informa-tion, see:
Camera Setup: Customizing Camera Controls
Exposure compensation can also be set using the EXPOSURE OPTIONS >Exp. +/ item in the M-REC menu. See:
Advanced Photography: Camera Control
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Confirm exposurevalue in control
panel or LCDmonitor. Results of exposure compen-sation visible inmonitor; adjustcompensation untildesired resultachieved.
Press while turningcommand dial
icon displayed incontrol panel whileexposure compensationis in effect
4Reviewing Photographs
I A REC d h h di l d i h LCD i
While the display is paused, a REC icon appears in the LCDmonitor. Press the button again to record the photo-
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BasicPhotography:Reviewing Photographs
In A-REC mode, photographs are displayed in the LCD moni-tor after shooting (in M-REC, you can choose whether or notto display photographs after shooting using the Monitor Op-tions > Display Mode item in the SET-UP menu). The reviewfeature is not available when the monitor is off.
graph and return to shooting mode, or press the ( )button to delete the photograph as described above. The pho-tograph will automatically be recorded if neither button ispressed before twenty seconds have passed.
M-REC review settings
For more information on:
Press to deletephotograph
Press to pausedisplay for 20 sec.before recording
MENU OF F
DELETE
SELECT
YesNo
SET
erase images?
Delete dialog displayed
Select Yes to delete photograph Select No to save photograph and
return to shooting mode
Photographdisplayed in
monitor aftershooting
41Advanced PhotographyThis chapter covers settings available only when shooting in
In addition, menu options give the user control over: white balance camera settings, in-
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Advanced
Photography
Continuous Photography
Best-Shot Selection
Contrast, Brightness, and Image Type
Image Sharpening
Camera Control
Settings for Optional Lens Converters
p g y gM-REC mode. In addition to the settings discussed in the pre-vious chapter, in M-REC the user can use camera buttons anddials to control:
focus area
exposure mode focus distance (manual focus) sensitivity (ISO equivalency)
White Balance
Metering
These topics are covered in the sections that follow.
metering method frame advance rate best-shot selection contrast, brightness,
and image type (coloror black-and-white) image sharpening
cluding user settingsand settings for expo-sure, autofocus, zoom,and flash
settings for optionallens converters
Focus Area Selection
Exposure Mode
Manual Focus
Sensitivity (ISO Equivalency)
Click to go
42Focus Area Selection
In M REC you can choose the focus target for autofocus op
Focus area selection can be used in combination with AF-areaspot metering to match spot metering to the selected focus
l b d b h f l k f h
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AdvancedPhotography:Focus AreaSelection
In M-REC, you can choose the focus target for autofocus op-erations from one of five focus areas. Focus area selection isuseful when the subject is not positioned in the center of theframe. There are five focus areas: center, top, bottom, right,left.
To use focus area selection, the LCD monitor must be on andManual selected in the Focus Options > AF Area Modesub-menu of the M-REC shooting menu. The focus area canthen be selected using the multi selector.
When Auto (the default setting) is selected in the Focus Options > AFArea Mode sub-menu for M-REC mode, the camera automatically se-
lects the focus area containing the subject closest to the camera when theshutter-release button is pressed halfway. No focus area indicators appearin the LCD monitor until the shutter-release button is half-pressed, whenthe active focus area is shown in red. Focus area selection can also bedeactivated by selecting Off in the Focus Options > AF Area Modesub-menu, in which case the center focus area is used. For more informa-tion, see:
Advanced Photography: Camera Control
Focus options
AF-area spot metering
Focus lock
Digital zoom
For more information on:
area. It can also be used in combination with focus lock if thesubject would not fall in any of the focus areas in the finalcomposition.
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[ 10 ] P 1/60 F2.7NORMALORMAL
[ 10 ]
Center focus areaselected
Use multi selector toselect new focus area
Manual focus selection is not available when the monitor is off or whendigital zoom is in effect. In these cases, the center focus area (shown bythe focus target in the viewfinder) is used for autofocus operations.
43Exposure Mode
In M-REC you can choose from four exposure modes that
Mode How it works When to use it
hLarge apertures (small f
b ) bl b k d
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P 1/60 F2.7NORMALORMAL
[ 10 ]
AdvancedPhotography:Exposure Mode
In M-REC, you can choose from four exposure modes thatmake it possible to manually adjust shutter speed and/or aper-ture and still achieve optimal exposures. To set the exposuremode:
Mode How it works When to use it
Programmedauto
Camera sets shutterspeed and aperturefor best exposure.
Flexible program canbe used to select
further combinationsof shutter speed andaperture that yield
equivalent exposure.
Best for general useand for snapshots
Confirm modesetting in controlpanel or LCDmonitor
Press while turningcommand dial
Aperture-priority auto
User choosesaperture;
camera setsshutter speedfor best expo-
sure
numbers) blur backgrounddetails and increase rangeof flash; small apertures
(large f numbers) increasedepth of field, bringing both
main subject and back-ground into focus
Shutter-priority
auto
User choosesshutter speed;camera setsaperture for
best exposure
High shutter speeds freezemotion; low shutter speeds
suggest movement byblurring moving objects
ManualUser choosesshutter speedand aperture
Use when you want com-plete control over expo-
sureThe following modes are available:
The term exposure refers to the amount of light allowed to enter thecamera when a photograph is taken. The exposure depends on the aper-ture (the size of the opening through which light enters the camera) andshutter speed (the length of time that light enters the camera). The sameexposure can be achieved using many different combinations of apertureand shutter speed. You can use flexible program to choose from one of several combinations, or set either aperture or shutter speed to suit yourcreative designs, while the camera takes care of the other to ensure cor-rect exposure. Manual exposure mode gives you the freedom to modifyexposure from the value suggested by the camera.
4Programmed AutoIn programmed auto, the camera automatically adjusts shutter
d d t t d th b t Adj t
Aperture-Priority AutoIn aperture-priority auto, aperture can be chosen by rotatingth d di l A t b t t l b t
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A 1/60 F2.7NORMALORMAL
[ 10 ]
AdvancedPhotography:Exposure Mode
* appears in controlpanel and LCD monitorto indicate that flexible
program is in effect.When monitor is on,values for shutter speedand aperture aredisplayed in controlpanel and LCD monitor(values are not displayedin control panel when
monitor is off).
Rotate
Exposure compensation
Exposure bracketing
For more information on:
speed and aperture to produce the best exposure. Adjust-ments to the exposure value selected by the camera can bemade using exposure compensation or exposure bracketing.
Flexible Program
When programmed auto is in effect, different combinations of shutter speed and aperture can be selected using the com-mand dial. Each combination of shutter speed and aperturewill produce the same exposure.
the command dial. Aperture can be set to values betweenmaximum and minimum aperture in increments of 1/3 of a step.
Aperture displayed inLCD monitor andcontrol panel
Rotate
P 1/60/60 F2.7.7NORMALORMAL
[ 100]
If the selected aperture value would result in the photographbeing over- or under-exposed, the aperture value displayed inthe control panel and LCD monitor will flash when the shut-ter-release button is pressed halfway. Choose another aper-ture setting and try again.
Flexible program is reset to the default aperture and shutter speed whenany of the following actions are performed: The camera is turned off The mode dial is turned to another setting Another exposure mode is chosen
45Shutter-Priority AutoWhen the camera is set to shutter-priority auto, shutter speedcan be chosen by rotating the command dial Options range
ManualIn manual exposure mode, you can choose an aperture be-tween maximum and minimum aperture (in increments of 1/
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AdvancedPhotography:Exposure Mode
can be chosen by rotating the command dial. Options rangefrom 8 sec. to 1/1000 sec. in increments of one step.
tween maximum and minimum aperture (in increments of 1/3of a step), and a shutter speed of bulb or values between8 sec. and 1/1000 sec. (in increments of one step). Follow thesteps below to set shutter-speed and aperture in manual ex-posure mode:
1 After setting the exposure mode to manual, release thebutton.
2 Press the button again to select ei-ther shutter speed or aperture in the con-trol panel shutter-speed/aperture display, or
in the LCD monitor, where the selected item is shown ingreen. The item selected changes each time the button ispressed.
When the shutter-speed is set to bulb (manual exposure mode only), theshutter will remain open while the shutter-release button is pressed (maxi-mum exposure 60 sec.). Use of the remote shutter-release cord MC-EU1(available separately) and a tripod is recommended.
Note that if the shutter is open for longer than 1/4 sec. at any setting, noisemay appear in the final photograph.
Long time exposure
Shutter speed displayedin LCD monitor andcontrol panel (shutterspeeds of 1/4 sec. ormore are shown in theLCD monitor in yellowto indicate that noisemay appear in the finalphotograph)
Rotate
If the selected shutter speed would result in the photograph
being over- or under-exposed, the shutter speed displayed inthe control panel and LCD monitor will flash when the shut-ter-release button is pressed halfway. Choose another settingand try again.
1/60/60 F2.7.7NORMALORMAL
[ 100 ]
At a CONTINUOUS setting of Ultra HS , the lowest available shutterspeed is 1/30 sec. At a setting of Movie , shutter speed can not be set to avalue slower than 1/15 sec. A setting of bulb (manual exposure mode only)is only available at a CONTINUOUS setting of Single . For more infor-mation on CONTINUOUS settings, see:
Advanced Photography: Continuous Photography
Shutter speed limitations
43 Rotate the command dial to set the selecteditem (aperture or shutter speed) to the de-sired value The amount the photograph
4 Press the button to select the re-maining item (aperture or shutter speed).
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AdvancedPhotography:Exposure Mode
sired value. The amount the photographwill be over- or under-exposed at the se-lected setting is displayed in the control panel and LCDmonitor.
If sensitivity is set to AUTO when shutter-priority auto or manual expo-sure is used, sensitivity will be fixed at ISO 100 equivalent and will not varywith lighting conditions. This ensures that the desired exposure will beachieved. For more information on sensitivity settings, see:
Advanced Photography: Sensitivity (ISO Equivalency)
Control panel display isin EVs, rounded tonearest EV (display lastsfor eight seconds aftercommand dial isreleased, then is re-
placed by exposure count display). If photograph would be over- orunder-exposed by more than 9 EV, display shows flashing +9 (overex-posure) or 9 (underexposure).
LCD monitor display shows values between 2 and +2 EV inincrements of 1/3 EV.
2 +2 0
1 +1
Underexposed Overexposed
(Values in EVs)
5 Rotate the command dial to choose a valuethat will produce the desired exposure, asshown in the control panel and LCD moni-
tor (see Step 3, at left).
M 1/60 F2.7FINEINE
[ 10 ]
A
4Manual Focus
In M-REC, focus distance can be selected from fifty preset dis-
The value displayed for manual focus is the approximate dis-tance from the front of the lens. The actual focus distance maydiffer slightly from the value shown; check focus in the LCD
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P 1/60 F2.7NORMALORMAL
INF
[ 10 ]
Focus distance isdisplayed in LCDmonitor, and incontrol panel whilecommand dial isrotated. Aftercommand dial is
released, M-FOCUSicon in control panelindicates that manual
focus is in effect. Distances of 30 cm (12 in)or less are shown in red in monitor toindicate that camera may not be able to focusat some zoom settings.
AdvancedPhotography:ManualFocus
y ptances ranging from 0.02 m (0.8 in) to infinity. Manual focuscan be used when you know the distance to your subject inadvance, or when the camera is unable to focus using autofocus.
To choose a distance for manual focus:
Press while turningcommand dial
differ slightly from the value shown; check focus in the LCDmonitor before shooting.
Manual focus can be cancelled by pressing the button.
The flash can be used while manual focus is in effect. This makes it possibleto combine the flash with a manual focus setting of infinity.
The focus distances available depend on the zoom setting. The cameracan focus at a distance of 2 cm at the middle optical zoom position only.
The units used for manual focus distance can be chosen from the FOCUSOPTIONS > Distance Units sub-menu in the M-REC menu. See:
Advanced Photography: Camera Control
A
4Sensitivity (ISO Equivalency)
In A-REC mode, automatic gain control is used to produce
The following settings are available:
Setting Description
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AdvancedPhotography:Sensitivity (ISOEquivalency)
sensitivity equivalent to ISO 100 film. In M-REC mode, you canchoose increased values for sensitivity, or allow the camera toset sensitivity in response to lighting conditions. Increasingsensitivity reduces the time needed to make an exposure, al-lowing increased shutter speed. This can be used to reduceblurring caused by camera motion when lighting is poor, or tofreeze moving objects. Sensitivity is adjusted as shown be-low:
Press while turningcommand dial to cycle
through sensitivitysettings as follows:
100 200 400 AUTO
Sensitivity setting isdisplayed in LCDmonitor, and incontrol panel whilecommand dial isrotated. Aftercommand dial isreleased, ISO icon incontrol panelindicates thatsensitivity adjustment
is in effect.
P 1/60/60 F2.7.7
AUTTO
NORMALORMAL[ 100]
100 Approximately equivalent to ISO 100 (default)
200
400 Approximately equivalent to ISO 400
A slight amount of noise may appear in photographs taken at settingsother than 100 .
In a film camera, sensitivity is a characteristic of the film, not the camera.Sensitivity determines the amount of light needed to produce a given de-gree of exposure. The more sensitive the film, the less light needed tomake an exposure, allowing higher shutter speeds. Higher sensitivity isachieved by altering the chemical composition of the film, causing a ran-dom pattern, called grain, to appear in the final photograph. In a digitalcamera, sensitivity has a similar effect: higher sensitivities allow higher shut-ter speeds, at the expense of noise (the digital equivalent of film grain)appearing in the final image.
Changes to sensitivity have no effect in A-REC mode. Turningthe mode dial to A-REC returns sensitivity to the default value;the M-REC setting is restored when the mode dial is set toM-REC once again.
Approximately equivalent to ISO 200
AUTO
Equivalent to 100 under normal conditions;when lighting is poor, however, camera will
automatically raise sensitivity to compensate.ISO icon appears in control panel and LCD
monitor only when sensitivity is raised above 100 .
A
4 White Balance
The perceived color of an object is af- WHITE BALANCEAutoA A
Setting Description
The following white-balance settings are available:
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AdvancedPhotography:White Balance
fected by the color of the lighting underwhich it is viewed. The human brain isable to detect and compensate for suchchanges in perceived color. As a result, awhite object will look white to humans whether viewed insunlight or under overcast skies, or indoors under incandes-cent or fluorescent lighting. A digital camera must emulate thehuman brain and adjust colors according to lighting so thatcolors that appear white when viewed directly also appear whitein the final photograph. This adjustment is called white bal-ance, and can be made using the WHITE BALANCE sub-menuin the M-REC menu.
1
2
S
MENU OF F
AutoWhiteite Bal PresettFineIncandescentFluorescentC loudyS peedlight
A A
SETSELECT
AA
AAuto
White BalPreset
Fine
Incandescent
Fluorescent
Cloudy
Speedlight
White balance automatically adjusted to suitlighting conditions. Best setting in mostsituations.
White object used as reference point to set
white balance to suit unusual lighting condi-tions
White balance set for direct sunlight
Use when taking photographs indoors underincandescent light
Use when taking photographs indoors underfluorescent light
Use when taking photographs under over-cast skies
White balance set to match light producedby flash
At settings other than A (auto) and (preset),white balance can be fine-tuned by highlightingthe desired setting in the white-balance menu androtating the command dial. Adjustments can bemade in the range of +3 to 3 or, in the case of
(fluorescent), by selecting the type of bulbfrom the following sub-menu:
FL1 : W (default) FL2 : N FL3 : DRaising white balance gives images a blue, cold cast; lowering white bal-ance makes photos appear warmerthat is, slightly yellow or red. Afterselecting the desired white-balance adjustment, press the multi selectorto the right to put your choice into effect.
Fine-tuning white balance settings
1
2
SMENU OF F
WHITE BALANCEAut otoWhiteite Bal PresFineIncandescentFluorescentC loudyS peedlight
A
SELECT SET
+1
1
0
AA
At settings other than A (auto), the current white-balance setting is indicated by an icon in the LCDmonitor.
P 1/60 F2.7NORMALORMAL
[ 10 ]
A
5Preset White BalanceWhen (preset) is selected, the cam-era will zoom in and the preset white-
1
WHITE BALANCE PRESET
Metering
The COOLPIX 990 offers a choice of four1
METERINGA
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CancelRecalls most recent value for preset whitebalance from memory and sets white bal-ance to this value
AdvancedPhotography:Metering
pbalance menu will appear in the LCDmonitor.
MENU OF F
2
S
SELECT SET
CancelMeasure
Option Description
Measure
Camera measures white balance, usingobject displayed in center of LCD monitoras reference point. To use this option, firstplace white or light grey object underlighting that will be used in final photograph,then aim camera at object and press multiselector to right (beep will sound andcamera will zoom out, but no photographwill be taken).
metering methods. Choose a meteringmethod according to your compositionand lighting conditions.
1
2
S
MENU OF F
MatrixSpotCenter-WeightedSpot AF Area
A
SELECT SET
AA
Method When to use it
Spot
Ensures that subject inmetering target will becorrectly exposedeven when back-ground is very light orvery dark. Can beused in combinationwith AE hold (seeoverleaf).
How it works
Camera measureslight in area in centerof frame occupyingroughly 1/32 of total,shown by square incenter of LCD moni-tor
Matrix Best for general use
Exposure calculatedby comparing mea-surements from 256segments of framewith library of typicalcompositions, produc-ing best possiblesetting for entireframe
A
51Method Auto-Exposure HoldPressing the shutter-release button halfway not only locks fo-cus, but also exposure. This can be used together with spot or
How it works When to use it
Camera mea-sures lighting in
Classic meter for portraits;preserves background
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P 1/60 F2.7NORMALORMAL
[ 10 ]
The metering method isshown by icons in the controlpanel and LCD monitor (whenSpot AF Area is chosen, aspot-metering icon ( ) ap-pears in the control panel).
P 1/60 F2.7NORMALORMAL
[ 10 ]
AdvancedPhotography:Metering
center-weighted metering to set exposure for a subject not atthe center of the final composition.
1 Set metering to (spot) or (center-weighted).
2 Position the subjectin the center of theframe and press theshutter-release but-ton halfway.
3 Keeping the shutter-release button heldhalfway down, re-compose your pho-tograph. Press theshutter-release button the rest of the way down to shoot.
Digital zoom
Focus options
Focus area
Focus lock
For more information on:
P 1/60 F2.7NORMALORMAL
[ 10 ]
Center- Weighted
sures lighting inentire frame, butassigns weight of 80% to area incenter of frameoccupying roughly1/4 of total
p gdetails while letting lightingconditions at center of frame determine exposure.Selected automatically
when digital zoom is used.Can be used in combinationwith AE hold (see right).
Spot AFArea
Camera measureslight in currentfocus area only
When Auto or Manual ischosen in FOCUS OP-TIONS > AF Area Modesub-menu, this option canbe used to link spot meter-ing to currently selectedfocus area. When OFF ischosen, this option isequivalent to Matrix.When manual focus is ineffect, this option is equiva-lent to Spot.
A
52Continuous Photography
Using the CONTINUOUS menu, you can1
CONTINUOUS
A
Option Description
Multi shot
Camera takes up to sixteen consecutivethumbnail images and combines them into
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dvancedPhotography:Continuous Photography
set the camera to take photographs oneat a time, shoot multiple photographs insequence, or even record short movies.
1
2
S
MENU OF F
SingleContinuousMulti-shot 16VGA SequenceUltra HS
SELE CT S ETMovie
AA
Option Description
SingleCamera records one photograph each timeshutter-release button is fully pressed
Continuous
Camera records photographs in continuoussequence while shutter-release button is helddown. Not available at HI image quality.
VGASequence
Camera takes series of consecutive photo-graphs 640 480 pixels in size. Image quality isset to NORMAL, allowing photos to be takenat approximately two frames per second.
Ultra HS
Camera takes series of photographs 320 240pixels in size (QVGA). Image quality is set toNORMAL, allowing photos to be taken atapproximately thirty frames per second. Eachsequence of photographs is saved in separate
folder automatically created by camera. Foldername begins with N_ followed by three-digitnumber assigned in ascending order by camera.
The built-in flash will not fire at settings of Continuous , Multi-shot 16 ,and VGA Sequence . Unless you are using an external flash, it is recom-mended that you set the flash to (flash cancel) at these settings toensure that photographs are not underexposed. At settings other thanSingle and Movie , the focus, exposure, and auto white-balance settings
used for the first image are applied to all other images in the same series.Settings of Movie and Ultra HS only take effect when the LCD monitoris on. If the monitor is turned off, the camera will revert to a setting of Single until the monitor is turned on. While Movie or Ultra HS is ineffect, both built-in and external flashes will be automatically turned off. If the lens is rotated to point in the same direction as the LCD monitor at asetting of Movie , the display in the LCD monitor will be inverted andmovies will be recorded upside down.
Image quality and size
Flash settings
For more information on:
Multi-shot16
collage. This option is only available whenimage size is set to full.
Movie
Camera begins recording movie when shutter-release button is fully pressed. Movie endsafter forty seconds, or next time shutter-release button is fully pressed. Movie is stored
in QuickTime format (DOS file extension.MOV). Each frame has image quality of NORMAL and is 320 240 pixels in size(QVGA).
The CONTINUOUS setting isshown by icons in the control A
53The following table shows the number of photographs (nor-mal quality) that can be recorded in a single sequence at eachsetting, together with the approximate frame advance rate.
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P 1/60/60 F2.7.7NORMALORMAL
[ 100 ]Continuous
panel and LCD monitor. dvancedPhotography:Continuous Photography
The camera is equipped with a memory buffer for temporary storage of photos during shooting. This allows you to take several photographs insuccession, as you would with a traditional film camera, without waitingfor the images to be transferred to the memory card. The number of images that can be stored in the buffer depends on the quality and size of
the images. When the buffer becomes full, there will be a short pausewhile the camera transfers images to the card for permanent storage. Thetime required depends on the number of images in the buffer and thespeed of the CompactFlash memory card.
Do not remove the memory card from the camera while images are being trans-ferred from the buffer to the card . Doing so could result in loss of data or indamage to the camera or the card. Be sure the camera is off beforeremoving the memory card.
ModeApprox. no. of
frames per sec.Max. no. of
frames
VGA Sequence 2 44*
Continuous
(full size image)1.5 5
* When battery power is low, the maximum number of frames that canbe taken in a single sequence is ten.
Single VGA sequenceMulti-shot 16
Ultra HS Movie
Ultra HS 30 80*
Movie 15 40 sec.
When the camera is connected to a video device at a video-mode settingof PAL and a continuous setting of Ultra HS or Movie , video output willbe suspended while recording is in progress. Normal output will be re-stored when recording ends.
Ad
5Best-Shot Selection
Best-shot selection (BSS) compensatesf t It i t ff 1
BSS
A
Option Description
BSS off; one photo taken each time shutter-
The options available in the BSS sub-menu are:
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dvancedP
hotography:Best-ShotSelection
for camera movement. It is most effec-tive in situations in which inadvertentcamera movement may affect the out-come of the photograph, for examplewhen:
the camera is zoomed in or you are using a teleconverterlens attachment
you are using macro close-up shutter speed is low
BSS may not produce the desired results with a moving sub- ject or if you change the composition during shooting.
2
S
MENU OF F
OFFON
SELE CT S ET
AA
OFFBSS off; one photo taken each time shutter-release button is fully pressed
ON
Camera shoots photos as long as shutter-release button is held down, to maximum of
ten. These images are then compared andsharpest photo (photo with highest level of detail) saved to memory card.
P 1/60 F2.7NORMALORMAL
[ 10 ]
BSSSS
ZoomOptional lens converters
Macro close-up
Flash settings
Continuous settings
Image quality
For more information on:When photographs are taken with BSS on, the focus, exposure, and autowhite-balance settings used for the first photo when the shutter-releasebutton is pressed apply to all images in the series.
The flash is set to (flash cancel) when BSS is on.
BSS is not available at: CONTINUOUS settings of Continuous , Multi-shot 16 , VGA Se-
quence , Ultra HS , or Movie an image quality of HISelecting any of the above options automatically cancels BSS. BSS can notbe selected while the above options are in effect.
When BSS is on, a BSS icon is displayed in theLCD monitor.
Ad
55Contrast, Brightness,
and Image Type
Increases brightness of mid-tones in image.This setting can be used on images that will be
i i if
Option Description
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