Download - Nitrogen and Its Compound(Chapter 19)
![Page 1: Nitrogen and Its Compound(Chapter 19)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062307/55276a6a4a795926118b46fa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 19: Nitrogen and its compound
![Page 2: Nitrogen and Its Compound(Chapter 19)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062307/55276a6a4a795926118b46fa/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction
![Page 3: Nitrogen and Its Compound(Chapter 19)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062307/55276a6a4a795926118b46fa/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Colourless, odourless gas• 78% by volume in air• Liquid nitrogen as a coolant• Most important use is in the
manufacture of ammonia and nitrogenous fertilizers
![Page 4: Nitrogen and Its Compound(Chapter 19)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062307/55276a6a4a795926118b46fa/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
•Can form a large number of inorganic compounds
•A major constituent of organic compounds
![Page 5: Nitrogen and Its Compound(Chapter 19)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062307/55276a6a4a795926118b46fa/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Extraction of nitrogen from air
• In industry,nitrogen is obtained by the fractional distillation of liquid air.
• Usually contains a little noble gases as impurities.
![Page 6: Nitrogen and Its Compound(Chapter 19)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062307/55276a6a4a795926118b46fa/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Clean air
compression and cooling Liquified air
Fractional distillation
N₂(g) O₂(g)
![Page 7: Nitrogen and Its Compound(Chapter 19)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062307/55276a6a4a795926118b46fa/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Preparation of nitrogen in laboratory
• Obtained by heating solid ammonium nitrate(III).
-NH₄NO₂(s) N₂(g)+2H₂O(g)• Free of noble gas impurities.
![Page 8: Nitrogen and Its Compound(Chapter 19)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062307/55276a6a4a795926118b46fa/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Chemical properties of nitrogen
• Inert under room conditions.
• Can combine with other elements to form compounds under suitable conditions.
![Page 9: Nitrogen and Its Compound(Chapter 19)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062307/55276a6a4a795926118b46fa/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Nitrides of metals are hydrolysed by water to liberate ammonia gas.
• Exhibit variable oxidation states in its compounds.
![Page 10: Nitrogen and Its Compound(Chapter 19)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062307/55276a6a4a795926118b46fa/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Ammonia
![Page 11: Nitrogen and Its Compound(Chapter 19)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062307/55276a6a4a795926118b46fa/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
•A colourless, pungent gas•Easily liquefied (b.p. –33oC)•Extremely soluble in water to form a weakly alkaline solution•Synthesized by Haber Process•Starting material for HNO₃ and many other important chemicals.
Physical Properties
![Page 12: Nitrogen and Its Compound(Chapter 19)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062307/55276a6a4a795926118b46fa/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Haber process
• Ammonia is made by Haber Process from nitrogen&hydrogen.
-N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) H₂NH₃(g)∆H= -92 kJ/mol• Conditions: 500˚C,200 atm.• Fe as catalyst.• Yield: about 15%
![Page 13: Nitrogen and Its Compound(Chapter 19)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062307/55276a6a4a795926118b46fa/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Chemical properties• Weak alkali• Ligands in Complex Formation• As a reducing agent
Ex:–Burning in oxygen4NH3 + 3O2→ 2N2 + 6H2O
–Catalytic oxidation4NH3 + 5O2 (Pt)→ 4NO +6H₂O
![Page 14: Nitrogen and Its Compound(Chapter 19)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062307/55276a6a4a795926118b46fa/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Uses• Use to make:
a) Fertilisers
b) Nitric acid
c) Synthetic fibres
d) Plastic
e) nylon
• Use as:
a) Refrigerant
b) Domestic cleaning agent
![Page 15: Nitrogen and Its Compound(Chapter 19)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062307/55276a6a4a795926118b46fa/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Oxides of nitrogen
![Page 16: Nitrogen and Its Compound(Chapter 19)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062307/55276a6a4a795926118b46fa/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
•Nitrogen oxide -a binary compound of oxygen and nitrogen, or a mixture of such compounds.•3 important oxides:1.Nitrogen monoxide,NO
![Page 17: Nitrogen and Its Compound(Chapter 19)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062307/55276a6a4a795926118b46fa/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
2.Nitrogen dioxide,NO₂
3.Dinitrogen tetroxide,N₂O₄
![Page 18: Nitrogen and Its Compound(Chapter 19)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062307/55276a6a4a795926118b46fa/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Nitric(v) Acid
![Page 19: Nitrogen and Its Compound(Chapter 19)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062307/55276a6a4a795926118b46fa/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Industrial Preparation of Nitric(v)Acid
• By Ostwald process:
1. Catalytic oxidation of NH3• –4NH₃+ 5O₂(Pt/heat)→ 4NO + 6H₂O2.Oxidation of NO
–2NO + O₂→ 2NO₂3.Dissolving NO₂ in water and O₂ –4NO₂ + O₂+ 2H₂O→ 4HNO₂4.Distillation to obtain 68.5% (15M) HNO₃ as
azeotrope
![Page 20: Nitrogen and Its Compound(Chapter 19)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062307/55276a6a4a795926118b46fa/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Colourless,viscous liquid(boils at 86˚С).A very strong acid.Turns yellow because of dissolved NO2 formed from the decomposition of HNO3.
Physical properties
![Page 21: Nitrogen and Its Compound(Chapter 19)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062307/55276a6a4a795926118b46fa/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Kept in amber or dark bottle to avoid exposure to light.
Weak eletrolyte due to ionisation: -2HNO₃(l) NO₂ (l)+NO₃ (l)⁺ ⁻+H₂O(l)
![Page 22: Nitrogen and Its Compound(Chapter 19)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062307/55276a6a4a795926118b46fa/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Chemical Properties
As a strong acidAs an Oxidising Agent
![Page 23: Nitrogen and Its Compound(Chapter 19)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062307/55276a6a4a795926118b46fa/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Uses• Use in the manufacture of:
1.nitrate fertilisers
2.explosives
3.organic dyes
![Page 24: Nitrogen and Its Compound(Chapter 19)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062307/55276a6a4a795926118b46fa/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
******************The End*********************
![Page 25: Nitrogen and Its Compound(Chapter 19)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062307/55276a6a4a795926118b46fa/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Exercise1. Describe the extraction of nitrogen from air. In what
aspect is the composition of the nitrogen obtained from air different from the nitrogen obtained in the laboratory by chemical means.
2. a)Describe the Haber Process in the manufacturing of ammonia.
b)Write balanced equation to illustrate the following properties of ammonia.
i. As a weak base
ii. As a ligand in complex ion formation
iii. As a reducing agent
c)Name two large-scale uses of ammonia.
![Page 26: Nitrogen and Its Compound(Chapter 19)](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062307/55276a6a4a795926118b46fa/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
i. As a weak baseii. As a ligand in complex ion
formationiii.As a reducing agent
c)Name two large-scale uses of ammonia.