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Noam Chomsky
American Linguist Philosopher Cognitive
Scientist
Historian Activist
Father of MODERN LINGUISTICS
• Theory of Transformative Generative Grammar:
• The way people learn to communicate• Description of the syntax process common to
all human languages• Differences:• Deep structure of the language• Surface structure
Principal Linguistic Work
• Syntactic Structures (1957)• Current Issues in Linguistic Theory (1964)• The Sound Pattern of English (Morris Halle-
1968)• Language and Mind (1972)• Studies on Semantics in Generative Grammar
(1972)• Knowledge of (1986)
Transformational Generative Grammar
• Every intelligible sentence conforms not only to grammatical rules peculiar to its particular language, but also to "deep structures," a universal grammar underlying all languages and corresponding to an innate capacity of the human brain.
• Chomsky and other linguists who built on his work formulated transformational rules, which transform a sentence with a given grammatical structure (e.g., "John saw Mary") into a sentence with a different grammatical structure but the same essential meaning ("Mary was seen by John").
• Transformational linguistics has been influential in psycholinguistics, particularly in the study of language acquisition by children
• . In the 1990s Chomsky formulated a "Minimalist Program" in an attempt to simplify the symbolic representations of the language facility.
• The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.