Download - Non-native Common Reed
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J RandallNature Conservancy
Non-native Common Reed
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Literature Cited:
A Guide to the Control and Management. INVASIVE PHRAGMITES, http://www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/deq-ogl-ais-guide-PhragBook-Email_212418_7.pdf
Phragmites: Common Reed, Morphological Differences (this text is at least partially authored by Dr. Bernd Blossey, Cornell University) http://www.invasiveplants.net/phragmites/phrag/morph.htm
Science Daily 2007. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071012084128.htm
Common Reed, Missouri Department of Conservation, Invasive Species Coordinator, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102-0180
Swearingen, J. and K. Saltonstall. 2010. Phragmites Field Guide: Distinguishing Native and Exotic Forms of Common Reed (Phragmites australis) in the United States. Plant Conservation Alliance, Weeds Gone Wild. http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/index.htm
Wisconsin Wetlands Association http://wisconsinwetlands.org/phragmites.htm#invasion
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J. MillerUS Forest Service
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Native Lineage: Phragmites australis subsp.americanusSaltonstall et al. 2004. SIDA 21(2): 683-692
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Gulf Coast Lineage: Phragmites australis subsp.berlandieriSaltonstall et al. 2004. SIDA 21(2): 683-692
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Introduced Lineage: Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. Ex SteudSaltonstall et al. 2004. SIDA 21(2): 683-692
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Non-nativePhragmites
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Upland Site
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J. RandallNature Conservancy
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Leslie J MehrhoffU Conn, Bugwood.org
Stolon
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Rhizome
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Ohio State Weed Lab
Roots
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Allelopathy – production of biochemical substances that influence other organisms
• Common reed releases gallic acid• Dissolves roots of nearby competitor plants• Non-native form contains elevated levels
compared to native form of Phragmites• Competitive advantage
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Leslie J. MehrhoffUniversity of ConnecticutBugwood.org
Mono-cultures reduce diversity• Degrade wildlife habitat• Alter local hydrology• Obstruct vistas/reduce
recreational value• Increase fire danger
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Economic costs of non-native species introductions in the U.S.
• Damages and control of all species combined may be up to $219 billion/year (Pimentel 2011)
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Plant Conservation AllianceAlien Plant Working GroupFact Sheet
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Plant Conservation AllianceAlien Plant Working GroupFact Sheet
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Seedhead in winter
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R.E. Meadows
Native
Non-native
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R.E. Meadows
Non-NativeNative
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R. E. Meadows
Native Non-native
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Sludge Disposal Beds
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Vegetation Control
• Disking – can spread plant fragments• Mowing – should not be used by itself, but may facilitate
follow-up treatments after herbicides have killed the original stand. Use care so as not to spread seed or live stolon/rhizome fragments
• Flooding – use only as a follow-up to herbicides• Traditional drawdowns (moist soil mgt.)– may increase
non-native Phragmites• Spring fire – encourages non-native Phragmites
Methods to avoid
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Vegetation Control
• Herbicides – always follow the label and current laws regarding use.• Imazapyr - can be absorbed by tree
roots if applied to overlying soil. Foliar app. mid-June-early October.
Methods to use
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Vegetation Control
• Glyphosate – Glyphosate- mid-August through early October. Application rates are 4-6 pints (64-96 oz.) per acre or use at 1.5% solution. A methylated seed oil or non-ionic surfactant should be added at 1% v/v as a surfactant.
• Imazapyr at 1.25% + glyphosate at 1.2% with 0.25-0.5% NIS v/v. Late June-October
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Vegetation Control
• Imazamox at 1% v/v + glyphosate at 1% v/v + 1% MSO ([email protected]) Foliar apply August through early October.
This would be a safer method to use where valuable landscape trees are present. However, this mix is still non-selective.
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Vegetation Control
• For combinations of herbicide and fire see: A Guide to the Control and Management. INVASIVE PHRAGMITES
A common method is to use fire during July-August one year after herbicide treatment, followed up by additional herbicide efforts as needed.
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Before Herbicide
3 Years After Herbicide
Untreated
2 Weeks Post Rx
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Follow-up by Monitoring
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Questions???