Download - Non Traditional Security: Trends and Issues
Royal Thai ArmyRoyal Thai Army
Shift in Security Trends Coordination Needs and Realities between
Military and CSOs RTA in Dealing with DRO: Case Study
Royal Thai ArmyRoyal Thai Army
Resource Needed (Single or Multiple) Problem Complexity (Low or High) Type of Security (Human or Nation) Type of Threat (Human or Nature) Level of Innovative Coordination (Low or High)
Multiple Resources
Single Resources
Low ComplexityOf Problem
High Complexity of Problem
• High Coordination• Low innovation
• Very High Coordination• Very High innovation
• High Coordination• High innovation
• Low Coordination• Low innovation
Modern Threats/Problems along Borders Insurgency in South Deep Traffic in Bangkok Green House Effect Political Conflict So on
Human Security
Nation Security
Low ComplexityOf Problem
High Complexity of Problem
• High Participation• Low innovation
• Very High Participation• Very High innovation
• High Participation• High innovation
• Low Participation• Low innovation
Political/Administration: • Individual Confidence in a power of the state
Economic• Individual Confidence in an enough income for living
Social• Individual Confidence in trust and understanding among people
Safety• Individual Confidence in safety in live and assets
So on
Large to Very Large Scale
Disaster
Nature-Based Threats
Human-Based Threats
Low Coordination
High Coordination
Very Small Scale
Disaster
Small to Medium
Scale Disaster
High to Very High Complex
Threats Very less Complex Threats
Less to Medium Complex Threats
Nature-Based Threats• Flooding• Wild Fire• Earth quark• Tidal Wave • So on
Human-Based Threats• Pollution • Climate Change• War• Internal Conflict• So on
Royal Thai ArmyRoyal Thai Army
Multiple Resources
Single Resources
Low ComplexityOf Problem
High Complexity of Problem
• High Coordination• Low innovation
• Very High Coordination• Very High innovation
• High Coordination• High innovation
• Low Coordination• Low innovation
Level of involved organization• Strategic Level: Government, Special Organizations• Operation Level: Ministry-Based Organizations• Tactical Level: Many Types of Units in the operation areas
Root of Problems• Political/Administration• Economic• Social• Technology• Security• So on
There exists the differences between Military and CSOs• Culture (Norms)• Rules and Regulations• Knowledge• Technology• Working Process• Beliefs and Values to do things (Mutual benefits)
These differences are constraints to establish innovative coordination
*World Vision International
Civil Society Organizations Military
No Arms Carry Arms
Flexible Set Systems
Flat structure and delegated authority
Hierarchical / command structure
Independent Highly disciplined
Ethic centered Task centered
Multiple Resources
Single Resources
Low ComplexityOf Problem
High Complexity of Problem
• High Coordination• Low innovation
• Very High Coordination• Very High innovation
• High Coordination• High innovation
• Low Coordination• Low innovation
Naturally, organizations maintain their comfort zone Coordination is established when
• They mutually see possible loss(es): not often• They are externally forced by government or influential civil
society(s) when huge damage already generated: quite often In order to establish coordination these difference must
be reduced/adjusted • Beliefs and Values to do things• Culture (Norms)• Rules and Regulations• Knowledge• Technology• Working Process
Optimum Distance generate these mutual Beliefs and Values to do things Culture (Norms) Rules and Regulation Knowledge Technology Working Process / Practice
Distance of Differences
Optimum Distance
Optimum Distance
Royal Thai ArmyRoyal Thai Army
National law: Civil Disaster Prevention Act National Plan: National Civil Defense Plan Management of the Plan:
• Ministry of Interior Administration of the Plan:
• Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Defence Disaster Relief Center (DDRC)
Office of Permanent Secretary for Defence Disaster Relief Center
(OPSD DRC)
Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters Disaster Relief Center
(RTAFs HQs DRC)
Royal Thai ArmyDisaster Relief Center
(RTA DRC)
Royal Thai Navy Disaster Relief Center
(RTN DRC)
Royal Thai Air ForceDisaster Relief Center
(RTAF DRC)
Unit directly reported to RTAFs Disaster Relief
Center(Unit directly reported to
RATFs HQs DRC)
Administer, coordinate, direct and supervise Encourage the rendering of assistance to the disaster victims Use of RTA’s media resources to warn and report to
the public Coordinate operations and practice
Provide knowledge and training Carry out campaigns to enhance the prevention of
accidents or disasters as assigned by the Ministry of Defense
Develop procedures for disaster
RTA Disaster Relief Center• 4 Regional Disaster Relief
Centers• The Military Districts/ Circles Disaster Relief
Centers
o To formulate policies and guidelines o To provide guidelines in assisting disaster victims
o Act as a coordination centero Supervises/monitors the situations and eventso To render timely assistance to disaster victims
Preparation Stage Operation Stage (Level 1, 2, and 3) Rehabilitation Stage
o Monitor situation, gather data and informationMonitor situation, gather data and informationo Prepare personnel, equipment, tools and Prepare personnel, equipment, tools and communication systems communication systems o Confirms coordination, support, procedures and safe Confirms coordination, support, procedures and safe evacuation areas with civil agenciesevacuation areas with civil agencies
o Level 1 is a minor disastero Level 2 is a moderate disaster o Level 3 is a major disaster
Handled by the local civilian authorities.
Situation cannot be controlled or managed by local civilian authorities
Requires support from various agencies within the province, or nearby provinces
The Ministry of Defense will closely monitor the situation, if the degree of disaster continues to increase from level 1 to level 2 and beyond, the ministry will take the appropriate actions.
Affecting the majority of the public or a situation
Plan, administer, coordinate, monitor and publicize available assistance
Provide personnel to rebuild/repair infrastructure and public property
Restore the environment Provide the necessities of life Set up psychological rehabilitation activities Survey damages for future assistance
Flood Shortages of water
Cold weather Forest and bush fires
So on
Domestic• Tsunami
Other Countries• Bangladesh: Cyclone Syd• Union of Myanmar: Nargis• Laos People’s Democratic Republic: Monsoon Kammuri
Low awareness of natural risk: • Regionally• Nationally • Locally
No preventive Mechanism
No plan in managing a large scale natural disaster No MOU in managing international or regional
disaster management
Help promote awareness of natural risk: • Regionally• Nationally• Locally
Involve in developing preventive technology with other sectors
Many international forums have been held to promote cooperation
The cooperation between nations in the region is increasing through many kinds of activities such as seminars and trainings
More Innovative Coordination is needed More Vertical Implementation into Local Level is
sustainably needed• Local Preventive Awareness• Local Preventive Education and Training• Local Preventive Participation
So on