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North Carolina’s Response to the Peanut Butter Incident
Joseph W. Reardon, Director
Food & Drug Protection Division
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Timeline Earliest onset of illness, according to CDC 9/08/08
CDC monitors illnesses in 12 states11/10/08
MN identifies Salmonella in King Nut peanut butter
1st recall by PCA initiated1/10/09
FDA finds 12 instances of PCA shipping contaminated product 1/13/09
PCA expands recall to include all peanut paste1/18/09
1/16/09 PCA expands peanut butter recall
1/28/09 Recall expands to include all peanut products made in GA firm
2/12/09 PCA in TX initiates recall of peanut products
PCA (TX and GA) informs customers to stop using all products2/20/09
4/04/09 Last illness reported
5/12/09 Last recall initiated
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Impact of PCA Peanut Butter Recall
• Public health– US: 9 deaths and 714 illnesses– NC: 1 death and 6 illnesses
• Consumer confidence eroded– US: 2,833 food products recalled– NC: 3 food and 2 animal feed manufacturers
directly impacted
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Impact of PCA Peanut Butter Recall
• Economic impact– US: Estimated $1 BILLION impact
– US: 20% decline in peanut butter consumption in January
– NC: 23% decline in
peanuts planted
– NC: Substantial number
of employees laid-off
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Laboratory
PlanningMFRPS
ICS
Technology
Rapid Response
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ICS
• Integration of Federal, state, and local resources
• Holistic management of an event– Common objectives– Situational awareness– Maximize resources
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Planning• Food Emergency Response Plan
– ICS and unified command – Technical Advisory Group– Triggers – Exercise, train, and revise
• NC Food Safety and Defense Task Force– Foundation of public-private and interagency
partnerships
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Technology Real-time data
Situational awareness
Accurate decisions
Rapid response
Mitigate incident
Web-based tools
• Recall effectiveness
• Task tracker
• After action reporting
• Finance tracker
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Laboratory
• Investments in rapid testing capabilities coupled with ISO 17025 accreditation
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Laboratory
• Surge capacity– Partnering states Colorado, Florida, Indiana,
Michigan, Minnesota, and Ohio
• PFGE: NC Public Health Laboratory
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Manufactured Food Regulatory Program Standards
• Continuous improvement program– Training and auditing– Regulations– Risk-based inspections and resources – Emergency preparedness– Outreach– Laboratory resources
• Parallels goals of the Food Safety Enhancement Act
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Incident Identification
Containment
Disposal and Decontaminate
Recovery and Mitigation
Prevention
What is rapid response?
We typically think linearly
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Prevention
Recovery and Mitigation
Disposal and Decontaminate
Containment
Incident Identification
Rapid response is when events are happening concurrently or in parallel
Rapid Response
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Incident Identification
• Traceback investigation– FDA– NCDA&CS
• Major snack manufacturer receiver of PCA peanut paste
• Four additional firms directly impacted
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Containment
• Within the affected major snack foods manufacturer– Halt production– Obtain environmental baseline – In-line and finished product testing– Witness disposal
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Containment
• Across the state– Recall effectiveness checks– Oversee activities at other affected firms– Traceback/forward investigations
• Transparency– Industry– Public– Regulatory partners
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Decontamination
• Firm developed decontamination and restoration plan
• Approved and confirmed by regulatory agencies– Physical verification of cleaning and sanitation– Auditing of procedures and records– Environmental and finished product sampling
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RecoveryExtensive Finished Product Testing
Day 1 7 samples / machine / 24 hr
Line Machines Samples Sub-
samplesPacks of crackers
100 7 49 1568 4704
200 3 21 672 2016
400 8 56 1792 5376
126 4032 12,096Samples collected on Day 2 and 3 of production
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Finished Product Sampling Snack Manufacturer
162 samples 5,184 subsamples
15,552 packs of crackers
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Recovery
• Commissioner Steve Troxler orders in-depth inspections at all peanut butter manufacturers
• Transparent public information campaign
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Total Samples Collected During PCA Peanut Butter Incident
Enviro.
SwabsIngredient
Finished Product
Snack Foods 249 58 224
Peanut Processors (5)
294 6 20
Ice Cream (2) 15 0 1
Animal
Feed/Treats (2)15 1 5
Total 573 65 250
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Entire Response573 environmental samples
315 samples8,316 subsamples
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North Carolina’s
Response Required
6,209 man hours31,964 miles
$248,588.20
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Prevention
• Workshop held– New science behind Salmonella– Review of regulations– Lessons learned
• Enhanced routine inspections– Environmental sampling– Finished product sampling
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