North v. South• North
– Settled by Puritans.– Revivalist, socially
active religious tradition.
– Town, city based culture.
– Diversified industries– Very little Slavery.
•South•Settled by Planters. •Conservative Anglican religion•Plantation-based culture.•Economy based on slavery.
Log Question #12
What do you remember from 8th grade about the Civil War? What
were the major differences between the North and the South?
Unit 1/Day 9Unit 1/Day 9The Fight Over SlaveryThe Fight Over Slavery
Unit 1/Day 9Unit 1/Day 9The Fight Over SlaveryThe Fight Over Slavery
Slavery and Admission of New States
• Each region wanted new states to follow its position on slavery.
• Missouri Compromise of 1820 (authored by Henry Clay): New states north of 36° 30′ would be free, south have slavery – uneasy balance of power between North and South.
• Admission of California as free upset the balance in favor of North.
• Some states threaten secession.
Compromise of 1850
• Henry Clay again smoothed things over with Compromise of 1850:– CA free state (for North)– Strengthened fugitive slave laws with Fugitive
Slave Act (for South)– “Popular Sovereignty”—territories vote to
become free or slave states
Abolitionism Grows
• Reason: Fugitive Slave Act: – No trial for escaped
slaves– Fines and jail for
helping slaves• Abolitionist Reaction
– Vigilante committees– Underground Railroad
(Harriet Tubman)– Persuasion: pamphlets,
tracts, books, especially Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Violence Begins
• Split Kansas from Nebraska, and granted both popular sovereignty (overturning Missouri Compromise)
• “Bleeding Kansas:” – Rival pro and anti slavery governments set up– Border Ruffians from Missouri come over to vote and intimidate
abolitionists
• Beating of Charles Sumner in the Senate symbolized the end of compromise and looming civil war
Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854:
Dred Scott Decision
• Dred Scott, a slave, traveled to Illinois, a free state. • Decided that in a free state he should be free.• Sued in federal court, lost, and appealed to Supreme Court in
1857.• Chief Justice Roger Taney, writing for the majority, ruled:
– Dred Scott was not a citizen, because he was a slave– Without the rights of a citizen, he had no standing to sue– Slaves, in fact, are property– Therefore, Congress cannot deprive people of their property
by making laws against slavery in the territories
Consequences of Dred Scott
• Essentially extended slavery into all US territories.
• Led to Civil War.• After the war, the decision was nullified by 13th
and 14th Amendments.
Lincoln and SecessionLincoln and Secession• Abraham Lincoln:
– Became famous in debates against Stephen Douglas in Illinois Senate race that Lincoln lost
– Became rising star of Republican party• Election of 1860:
– Republican position on slavery clear– Democrats divided, supported two candidates, pro and anti slavery– Pro-slavery Constitutional Union party further split proslavery vote– Lincoln won with less than half the vote, no electoral votes from
South• South felt it had lost political representation
– Only option to protect their states’ “rights”?– Secession
• Abraham Lincoln: – Became famous in debates against Stephen Douglas in Illinois
Senate race that Lincoln lost– Became rising star of Republican party
• Election of 1860:– Republican position on slavery clear– Democrats divided, supported two candidates, pro and anti slavery– Pro-slavery Constitutional Union party further split proslavery vote– Lincoln won with less than half the vote, no electoral votes from
South• South felt it had lost political representation
– Only option to protect their states’ “rights”?– Secession
Video Break
The Civil War – Part 1 – Crash Course
Union and Confederates Clash
• Soldiers in each secessionist state in the South begin seizing federal buildings
• Fort Sumter in Charleston, SC falls to the Confederacy.• Confederate victory at Bull Run Creek near D.C.
Emancipation Proclamation
• 1863 - Lincoln declares all slaves should be free.• Jefferson Davis – President of the Confederacy disagrees and war rages on.
Life During the War
• Both sides employed a draft – conscription.• African-Americans join the north cause. • Disease – common and widespread.• Clara Barton worked as a Union nurse – later
founds American Red Cross.• Cost of war forces the north to impose the first
Income Tax on citizens.
Homework
• Page 165 #1
• Page 174 #1
• Due Monday
