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Notes #5: Fossils
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I. How can scientists know what organisms were around long ago???
Fossils are used to determine:
1.The kinds of organisms that lived in the past
2.The behavior of the organisms
3.Ancient climates
4.Ancient geography
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Most fossils are found in sedimentary rock
This rock is mainly
found at the bottom of lakes, streams, & oceans
II. Where are fossils?
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III. How do we know how old a fossil is?
1.Relative Dating- uses layers
of sediment
2. Radiometric dating-
Uses isotopes
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1. A trace fossil is the marking left by an animal and may
include a footprint, trail, and/or a burrow.
IV: What types of fossils have been found?
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2. Imprint fossil: A thin object, such
as a leaf, that falls into sediment can leave an imprint
when the sediment hardens
into rock.
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3. A mold forms when an
organism is buried in
sediment and then decays,
leaving an empty space.
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4. An amber-preserved fossil is when an entire
organism was quickly trapped in tree sap that
hardened
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5. Frozen Fossils: An entire organism was quickly trapped in ice.
Example – a mammoth trapped in glacial ice.
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SummaryWhat are the types of fossils and how do we know how old they are?
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Glossary Words
11.Relative dating –
Fossils found in lower layers are older than fossils found in top layers
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12. Radiometric dating
uses radioactive isotopes and their half life decay rate to get an exact age.
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4. Gradualism
Organisms evolve in a process of slow and constant change
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5. Punctuated Equilibrium
There were short bursts of quick evolution