![Page 1: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
NSERC Chair in Water Treatment
Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment
Peter M. HuckProfessor and NSERC Chairholder in
Water TreatmentUniversity of Waterloo, Canada
![Page 2: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Topics for discussion
Introduction
Goals and processes for treatment
Membrane fouling reduction
![Page 3: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Orientation
![Page 4: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
NSERC Chair
Senior research professorship supported jointly by NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada), the University of Waterloo and ‘industrial’ partners (NSERC matches industrial cash and in-kind)
Part of Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Granted in five year terms
Support for students, staff, research costs
Centre of Expertise
![Page 5: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Some 4th Term Statistics (2008-2012)
Now in Year 18 of 20
Major themes – chemical and (micro)biological contaminants• Source water and treatment
10 on-site students (6 Ph.D.), 2 off-site
Usually one post-doc
Technical and administrative professionals
Eighteen ‘industrial’ partners• Municipal water works, consultants, etc.
![Page 6: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
NSERC Industrial Research Chair Partners
![Page 7: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Current Major Areas of Research
Emerging microbial contaminants
Membranes
Evaluating point-of-use treatment
Trace chemical contaminants• e.g pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors
• Adsorption, oxidation, membranes
Membranes – fouling
Biological pre-treatment to reduce fouling
![Page 8: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Goals for treatment
Removal of particles (including pathogenic micro-organisms)
Removal of TOC (‘background’ organic matter)• e.g. from leaves, soil, algae, wastewater
Disinfection/inactivation
Removal of chemical contaminants • e.g. pesticides, pharmaceuticals, volatiles
![Page 9: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Goals for treatment - 2
Biological stability• Avoiding bacterial regrowth in distribution system
Chemical stability• Corrosion, precipitation in distribution system
Maintaining aethetic quality to the consumer’s tap
![Page 10: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Future trends in treatment
Reduction in chemical usage -> tends to favour membranes
Reduction in carbon footprint – ‘green’ technologies
Simple and secure treatment -> also tends to favour membranes
![Page 11: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Some additional trends
Desalination – where feasible
Partial reuse -> dual systems (risk management)
Reduced consumption
![Page 12: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Membranes
![Page 13: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
What’s a membrane?
Usually, a sheet of polymer with very fine holes
Push/pull the water through, keep out (most of the) contaminants
• ‘Rejection’ depends to a big extent on size of the holes (pores), the chemical composition of the membrane, characteristics and size of the contaminants and some operating factors (e.g. flowrate)
![Page 14: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Membrane types
Microfiltration
Ultrafiltration
Nanofiltration
Reverse osmosis
![Page 15: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Capabilities of membranes
UFUF
NFNF
RROO
MMFF
Particles, algae, protoz-oans, bacteria
Macromolecules, viruses
Multi-valent ions,
TOC
Monovalent ions (Na+, Cl-)
Water molecules
Pore sixe
0.1 -1µm
1-100nm
~ 1nm
<1nm
![Page 16: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
ZeeWeed® Membranes (GE-Zenon)
Module ZeeWeed ®- 500
![Page 17: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Nanofiltration – spiral-wound modules
![Page 18: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Ceramic membranes
![Page 19: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Development of Alternative Membrane Integrity Detection Tools for Low
Pressure Membranes Treating Filter Backwash Water
M.E. Walsh1, M.P. Chaulk2 & G.A. Gagnon1
1Department of Civil Engineering, Dalhousie University 2Zenon Environmental Inc.
AWWA WQTCNovember 2005 Québec City, QC, Canada
![Page 20: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Project Objectives
Evaluate current integrity test methodologies for UF membrane treatment of WTP residual streams
• Particle counting & turbidity measurements
Explore alternative indirect integrity test methods
• DOC and color
Capability for detecting “precursor” signals to breaches in a membrane operating system (chronic increases in dissolved material (i.e., NOM)
![Page 21: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Integrity Trials
FBWW
Creation of Challenge Conditions
Extended run period without chemical cleaning
• Simulate initial stages of failure in membrane operating system
• Accelerated fouling rate
• Degradation of membrane fibers
![Page 22: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Flux – a key parameter
Flow of water per unit membrane surface area and time (e.g. litres per square metre per hour – lmh)
CAPITAL COSTS
![Page 23: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Fouling – the enemy of flux
New membrane Membrane after fouling
![Page 24: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Effect of fouling on flux
![Page 25: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Caused by particles, organics and other substances in incoming water
Extent of fouling determined by• Concentration and type of incoming foulants• Pre-treatment• Membrane operating and cleaning conditions
Fouling
![Page 26: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Grand River drainage basin
![Page 27: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Some biofiltration basics
Biological processes
• Attachment
• Detachment
• Biodegradation
• Growth
• Decay
Hozalski et al., Water Research, 2001
![Page 28: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Process schematic for biofiltration pre-treatment for UF
![Page 29: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Grand River 3 - DOC characterization*
Building blocks
*Liquid Chromatography-Organic Carbon Detection (TU Berlin)
TOC/DOC about 6 mg/L
![Page 30: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Impact on fouling
![Page 31: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Impact on fouling - 2
![Page 32: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Impact on fouling - 3
Hallé et al. ES&T, 2009
![Page 33: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Pilot confirmation
![Page 34: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Possible process train
(Roughing filtration) → Biofiltration → UF →
(Disinfection)
![Page 35: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Membrane types
Microfiltration (MF)
Ultrafiltration (UF)
Nanofiltration (NF)
Reverse osmosis (RO)
![Page 36: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Some membrane applications in Australia
Source: Google Maps
![Page 37: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Example of a two-stage system for water reuse – Perth, Australia
![Page 38: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Perth - 2
![Page 39: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Biofouling of high pressure membranes
In long term operation, biofouling (growth of biofilm on the membrane) a serious operational issue
![Page 40: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Desalination in Adelaide
![Page 41: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Pretreatment - 1
![Page 42: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Pretreatment - 2
![Page 43: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Hands-on testing
![Page 44: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Possible process train
(Roughing filtration) → Biofiltration → UF →
RO → (Disinfection)
![Page 45: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Some future work
Biofiltration and low pressure membranes• Net removal of biopolymers
• Particulate removal
Biofiltration and high pressure membranes (desalination)• Removal of easily biodegradable carbon (AOC) to very low levels
Biofiltration as membrane pre-treatment in water reuse
![Page 46: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Concluding remarks
Challenging issues in drinking water treatment and provision
Membranes important
Rapid biofiltration (without coagulation) effective to reduce organic fouling of UF membranes
• Robust, simple, ‘green’
• Potential for RO (biofouling), water reuse pre-treatment
![Page 47: NSERC Chair in Water Treatment Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment Peter M. Huck Professor and NSERC Chairholder in Water Treatment University of Waterloo,](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649edf5503460f94befa0a/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Acknowledgments
NSERC, Canadian Water Network, GE, Region of Waterloo
NSERC Chair partners
www.civil.uwaterloo.ca/watertreatment