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Nutrient Budgets
For CNMPs
Nutrient Management Planners Training
March 31, 2009
Bobby Smith
County Extension Coordinator
UGA Cooperative Extension
Morgan County
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Animal manures used for centuries as fertilizer
Benefits: micronutrients
slow release of N an P
SOM
soil structure
CEC
carbon sink (global warming)
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Nutrients in organic form
N P K is not in same proportion that crops need – usually 1-2-2 instead of 3-2-1.
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Balancing
Manure nutrient inputs
Crop needs
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Nutrient Budgets• N-based budgets
– Minimize NO3 leaching
• Manures supply more P than crops need– Excess P leads to eutrophication
• Will have P-based budgets• Determine priority nutrient
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Nutrient Budgets
• Two methods– Spreadsheets – QuattroPro & Excel
• Ag Pollution Prevention page• http//www.agp2.org
– Nutrient Management Planning in Georgia– CNMP Tools
– Worksheet• In notebook
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Nutrient BudgetsBoth methods are Field Scale
– Calculate budgets for each field and sum for farm
• Proper rate for each field• Simulate different scenarios
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Three Steps
• Determine crop needs• Determine nutrients supplied• Balance
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Crop Needs
• Need crops to use nutrients• Crops have to fit in production
system• Crops needs vary
– Table in Notebook– Crop recommendations
• Based on SOIL TEST– Maintain nutrient balance– Maintain pH
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Nutrients Available from Manure
• Nutrients in organic form• Not all available to plants• Nitrogen
– Mineralization• Waste characteristics, temperature,
moisture
– Losses to volatilization• pH, temperature, how applied
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Nutrients Available from Manure
• DefinitionsTotal N = Organic N + NO3 + NH4
Plant available N % Organic N + NO3 + NH4
TKN (Total Kjeldalh N)Organic N + NH4
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Example – Fresh Dairy Manure (wet basis)
TKN = 10.4 lbs/ton NH4 = 1.9 lbs/ton
NO3 = 0.03 lbs/ton
What is Total N?TKN + NO3 = 10.4 lbs/ton
What is PAN?(%mineralized*(TKN-NH4)) + NH4 + NO3 = 2.6 + 1.9 +0.03 = 4.53 lbs/ton
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Nutrients Available
• UGA manure test results give total nutrients
• Determine Plant Available Nutrients– Use Availability Coefficients
• Depends on manure and application method
• Incorporates losses through volatilization and form of nutrient
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Nutrients Available
• UGA lab reports on wet basis– Dry basis need % solids
• To use spreadsheet need results– Wet basis– Total N, P2O5, K2O
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Balancing Needs
Go to Spreadsheet
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Summary
• Manure– Improves Soil Organic Matter– Improves Soil Structure– Increases Cation Exchange Capacity– Provides Micronutrients– Not all nutrients are available to plants
Manure is not in the correct ratio for crop use (usually 1-2-2 instead of 3-2-1)
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Summary Continued
• Nutrient Budgeting is balancing manure nutrients supplied with crop needs
• Nutrient Budgets are field scale• Availability coefficients according
to manure application and storage method determine percent available
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AGRICULTURAL POLLUTIONPREVENTION PROGRAM
UGA Cooperative Extension UGA Cooperative Extension
Biological & Agricultural Engineering Biological & Agricultural Engineering Dept.Dept.
College of Agricultural & Environmental College of Agricultural & Environmental SciencesSciences
University of GeorgiaUniversity of Georgia
Sponsored by the GA Pollution Prevention Assistance Division-AgP2
Bobby Smith- [email protected]