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OCCUPATIONAL CANCER:
an Australian problem?
Deborah Vallance
AMWU
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Acknowledgement
Ngunnawal people on whose land we stand today
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Summary of presentations
kNOw cancer in the workplace
Cancer Council AustraliaACTU Canberra Dec 2009
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Prof Lin Fritschi
Western Australian Institute for Medical Research
What I could do to reduce my cancer risk %
mentioning
� Sun protection 67� Eat well 50� Regular checkups 44� Not smoke 35� Be active/healthy weight 32� Eat more fruit/veges/cereals 27� Limit alcohol 13� Reduce stress 8� Avoid chemicals/pesticides 7� Avoid passive smoking 2
� Results from Queensland Cancer Risks Survey, 2004
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Prof Lin Fritschi
Western Australian Institute for Medical Research
� Estimated 5000 work-related cancers each year
� 11% of incident cancers in males
� 2% of incident cancers in females
plus about 34 000 non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC)
� 13% NMSCs in males
� 4% NMSCs in females
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Prof Lin Fritschi
Western Australian Institute for Medical Research
Australian workers
potentially exposed to
carcinogens
�20% of the workforce
�1.5 million workers
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Prof Lin Fritschi. Western Australian Institute for Medical Research
Cancer in males
Cancer in males Attributable fraction Predicted number of cases
� Lung 29% 1,530� Prostate 6% 630� Mesothelioma 90% 352� Bladder 14% 304� Colon 6% 265� Leukaemia 18% 264� NHL 13% 252� Melanoma 4% 192� Stomach 10% 131� Pancreas 13% 122
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Prof Lin Fritschi. Western Australian Institute for Medical Research
Cancer in males
Attributable Predictedfraction no. Cases
� Mesothelioma 90% 352� Lung 29% 1,530� Nasal sinuses 24% 21� Leukaemia 18% 264� Bladder 14% 304� NHL 13% 252� Pancreas 13% 122� Brain 11% 86� Stomach 10% 131
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Pam Eliason www.turi.org
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Pam Eliason www.turi.org
Lots of toxics
Fewer toxics
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Pam Eliason www.turi.org
� The Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Act 1989
� Goals 50% reduction in by-product
� Promote the competitive advantage of Massachusetts Industry
� Reduce the production and use of toxic chemicals
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Pam Eliason www.turi.org
What Companies Must Do
� Report annually on amount of toxics used
� Conduct toxics use reduction planning every two years
� Pay an annual fee
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Pam Eliason www.turi.org
TUR Techniques
� Chemical Input Substitution
� Product Redesign
� Process Modification
� Operations and Maintenance Improvements
� In-Process Recycling
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Pam Eliason www.turi.org
What Do Companies Think?
� 70% identified TUR options
� 81% of these implemented TUR
� 67% saw cost savings
� 66% saw health and safety benefits
� Most valuable component of TUR ……Materials Accounting
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Pam Eliason www.turi.org
� use 40% reduction
� by-products 70% reduction
� emissions 90% reduction
� shipped in 60% reduction
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Pam Eliason www.turi.org
Safer Alternatives Exist!
� There’s No Excuse For It
� Drop-In Substitutes
� Process Changes
� Different Materials
� Emerging Opportunities
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Companies have saved millions of $$
•……and maintain competitive advantage
• reductions have been significant
• working environment safer
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Pam Eliason www.turi.org
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Pam Eliason www.turi.org
Use of Carcinogens
Cadmium 40% reduction
Formaldehyde 70% reduction
Percholoroethylene 70% reduction
Trichloroethylene 75% reduction
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Pam Eliason www.turi.org
Emissions reduction
� Cadmium 100% reduction
� Formaldehyde ~90%
� Perc ~99%
� TCE ~98%
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Larry Stoffman Canadian H&S activist
�
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Larry Stoffman Canadian H&S activist
Primary Prevention is critical for allCanadians
� In 1930s, 1 in 10 Canadians could expect to develop cancer over their lifetime
� In 1970, the number had increased to 1 in 5
� Today, 1 in 2.7 women and 1 in 2.4 men can expect to develop cancer over their lifetime
—Canadian Cancer Society Annual Statistics 2002 (figures age-standardized to adjust for aging population)
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Larry Stoffman Canadian H&S activist
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Larry Stoffman Canadian H&S activist
Percentage Cancer due to Occupational Exposuresbased on WHO Exposure Models� Lung Cancer 6-13 %� Larynx Cancer 1-20� Nose/nasopharynx 33-46� Mesothelioma 85-90� Bladder cancer 7-19� Kidney cancer 0-2� Liver cancer 1 � Skin cancer 1-6� Leukemia 1-3
Steenland et al, Am J Indust Medicine, 2003
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Larry Stoffman Canadian H&S activist
Worker Protection not a focus
� UV sunlight responsible for 1 per cent of cancers (in Canada)
� Smoking accounts for 29 per cent of cancers
� Occupational-environmental carcinogens responsible for 20 % of some cancers and 90% of asbestos related cancers
� But government prevention programs focus mainly on the first two causes
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Larry Stoffman Canadian H&S activist
Building alliances: ensure workplace
cancer is part of public health focus on
cancer prevention & environmental
Pollution
� occupational health and cancer researchers,
� labour;
� regulators;
� cancer agencies,
� environmental ngo’s
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Larry Stoffman Canadian H&S activist
Industrial Chemicals� 1,2-Dichloroethane� 1,3-Butadiene� 1,4-Dioxane� Acetaldehyde� Acrylamide� Acrylonitrile� Benzene� Bitumens� Chloroform� Coal-tar & pitches� Creosotes� Dichloromethane� Epichlorohydrin� Ethylbenzene
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Larry Stoffman Canadian H&S activist
� Ethylene oxide� Formaldehyde� Naphthalene� Nitrobenzene� Polychlorinated biphenyls� Styrene� Tetrachloroethylene� Toluene di-isocyanates� Trichloroethylene
Pesticides� 2,4-D� Chlorothalonil� MCPA� MCPP� Pentachlorophenol
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Larry Stoffman Canadian H&S activist
Environmental Pollutants� 1,3-Butadiene� TCDD� Acetaldehyde� Benzene� Chloroform� Dichloromethane� Ethylbenzene� Ethylene oxide� Formaldehyde� PCBs� Styrene� Tetrachloroethylene
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Larry Stoffman Canadian H&S activist
� Metals � Arsenic & compounds� Cadmium & compounds� Chromium, hexavalent� Lead & compounds� Nickel & compounds
� Pesticides� 2,4-D� Chlorothalonil� Dichlorvos� Lindane� MCPA, MCPP� Pentachlorophenol
� Others� Asbestos� Chlorination byproducts� PAHs� Particulate air pollution� Magnetic fields (elf)� Radon decay products
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Larry Stoffman Canadian H&S activist
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AMWU
circulated HSR March 2010
Occupational Cancer: a union guide to prevention
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AMWU
� Annual H&S Booklet contains list of priority chemicals by industry
� NSW branch working on project with NSW WorkCover
� Member of Occupational & Environmental subcommittee at CCA
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kNOw forum: immediate activity
Committee working on
� occupational and environmental cancers in CCA National Cancer Prevention Policy
� paper on Reducing exposure to carcinogens in Australian workplaces
� education for General Practitioners
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Where to?
� Where would we like to be in ten years time?
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How to get there?
� What do we need to do in the next 12 -24 months to get to where we want to be?