Old Genes can be Stylish;
Test Yours Today!
And Others?
July 2015
Now for an Historical
Perspective
mtDNA Y-DNA
atDNA X-DNA
Let Us Go Far Back In Time…
Back to the days before Genetic DNA Testing…
Back to another millennium long ago…
Back, back to the beginning…
In the beginning there was
In the Beginning, There was…
Bennett Greenspan
Yes, in the beginning
there was Bennett
Greenspan
• Founder of FamilyTreeDNA.com in the year 2000.
• Bennett started doing genealogy in 1999 while unemployed.
• His wife thought it would keep him out of the kitchen.
• He found a possible cousin in Argentina, but Bennett couldn’t prove the relationship.
• The University of Arizona helped him do DNA testing.
• Realizing the potential demand, he started FTDNA.
The Pioneer in DNA Testing for Genealogical Research
The FTDNA Pitch
FamilyTreeDNA Testing
Kit
Buccal DNA (cheek swab) DNA collection
kit
FTDNA Sample Collection
Buccal swab DNA sample collection
method
FTDNA – Test Kit Instructions
The Four Types of DNA
Me
Mom
Great
Grandpa
Great
Grandma
Great
Grandpa
Great
Grandma
Grandma Grandpa
Great
Grandpa
Great
Grandma
Great
Grandpa
Great
Grandma
Grandma Grandpa
Dad
How Does DNA Fit into Genealogy?
How The Four Types of DNA are
Passed From Parent to Child
Nuclear
Y-DNA - patrilineal line, passed from father to son.
X-DNA – passed from father to daughter, and from
mother to both sons and daughters.
atDNA (Autosomal DNA) - The other 22 pairs of
non sex-linked chromosomes, inherited by
everyone from both parents, half from each.
Extra Nuclear
mtDNA (Mitochondrial DNA) – Passed from mother
to both sons and daughters.
Family Tree DNA Tests for Males
FTDNA Y-DNA Tests
FTDNA Y-DNA Tests – “The BIG Y”
SNP Tests
Individual SNP tests are @$39.
SNP Kits, for Haplogroups G and R
were offered in early 2015 @$129. The
first Gs to order received a discounted
price of $99. They were time consuming
and FTDNA had trouble keeping up with
demand. They stopped taking orders
until a time when they could complete
the orders in a more timely manner.
Family Tree DNA Tests
for Both Males and Females
FTDNA mtDNA Tests
FTDNA atDNA Tests Autosomal
Family Tree DNA Combo Tests
FTDNA Comprehensive Genome DNA
Test for Males
FTDNA Comprehensive Genome DNA
Test for Males - Upgrade
Upgrade price for existing customers will be less. For
example, since I have Family Finder and 37 marker Y, my
cost for this would be only $288.
Other upgrades have been reduced also.
My cost only $288
Transfer DNA Tests to FTDNA
Transfer Test Results for FREE?
Family Tree DNA is now accepting, in
fact encouraging, data transfers from
both 23andMe (V3 chip only) and
Ancestry.com at no charge to the
consumer.
However, there is a limit to the
functionality of the Family Finder
interface for users of the free offer.
What’s the Catch?*
*For free, your top 20 matches will be visible to you.
*In order to contact those matches or unlock the rest of the Family Finder functionality and tools at Family Tree DNA, you’ll have to pay $39 or recruit 4 additional people to upload their files, whether they pay to join or not.
*Compared to retesting at $99 or the previous transfer price of $69, this is a great value for those people who have tested with AncestryDNA or 23andMe.
Transfer DNA Tests to FTDNA
One Size Fits All Approach
AncestryDNA
Introduced in 2012
AncestryDNA
Autosomal testing only.
No Y-DNA or mtDNA.
No DNA segment data discussed or even acknowledged.
Upload to GEDMatch required to glean DNA segment data.
A new concept called “Ancestry Circles”, an amorphous concept based on a readily recognizable shape, apparently meant to divert attention to the lack of segment information.
Regular Ancestry DNA Price $99
Sale Ancestry DNA Price $79
Amazon Prime $79
23andMe
Testing can cover areas of
interest such as adoption,
deep ancestry, ethnicity,
genealogy, and health
Google Co-founder Sergey
Brin and his then wife
Anne Wojcicki attend the
23andMe Spit Party
• This event to promote the launch of 23andMe took place at the IAC Building on September 9, 2008 in New York City.
• Anne Wojcicki is the CEO of 23andMe. Her sister, Susan, heads YouTube.
• Sergey Brin is a primary investor in 23andMe.
• Sergey Brin and Anne Wojcicki were divorced in May 2015.
Sample 23andMe DNA
Collection Spit Kits
23andMe uses the saliva collection method
to obtain DNA samples
23andMe Lab Video
23andMe Has Changed
23andMe Difference
See Yourself Differently
Carrier Status Reports
Ancestry Reports
Wellness Reports
Trait Reports
Tools
Research
Laboratory Analysis performed by
© 2013 James R. Lannin, Jr.
‘Geno 2.0: Next Generation’ Reveals
New Details of Your Ancient Ancestry
Geno 2.0: Next Generation (Geno NextGen) is the next phase of the Genographic Project, National Geographic’s pioneering effort to decode the story of individuals’ deep ancestry hidden within their DNA.
Geno NextGen builds on the success of Geno 2.0 by growing the analytical capabilities of the test and enhancing the participant Geno 2.0 experience.
Here are the new and enhanced
features of Geno NextGen: They are including
thousands of new Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA mutations
This allows for the highest resolution in maternal and paternal haplogroup (family clan) assignment, shy of genome or chromosomal sequencing.
The new mutations will allow for dozens of new haplogroup stories.
More Features
Regional affiliations will now be estimated from eighteen populations.
By analyzing more than 700,000 mutational markers across the entire human genome—an increase from the 150,000 used in Geno 2.0—researchers can now estimate the geographical components of your DNA from double the number of regional affiliations and then compare these results to more than 50 reference populations.
Participants can learn if they are similar to people from Ireland, Germany, Lebanon, or maybe all of the above.
The Genographic Project’s
Commitment to Participants “We are recalculating the Neanderthal DNA
percentage with higher precision. In the last three years, we have learned much more about who Neanderthals were and how they interacted with our ancestors, and we are incorporating what we learned into the new experience with a recalculation of participant’s Neanderthal DNA.
Next Gen participants looking for genealogical matches can now easily transfer results to our laboratory partners at Family Tree DNA and search for relatives across their large database.
As a continued promise to all participants, the Genographic Project will not test for or report on any medical markers and will never sell DNA results. To learn more about the Genographic Project or how to get a Geno NextGen kit visit us at www.genographic.com.”
Genographic Discoveries
Genographic Discoveries
Genographic Project
DNA Collection Kit
• A project of the National
Genographic Society, The
Genographic project is
directed by Spencer Wells,
PhD.
• Dr. Wells, who received his
PhD from Harvard, is both
a geneticist and an
anthropologist.
• He serves on the Advisory
Board of
FamilyTreeDNA.com,
where the Geno 2.0 test
kits are processed.
“Beyond Genealogy” Video with Spencer Wells,
PhD
The Big Four – A Summary
Family Tree DNA Ancestry DNA
Genographic Project 23andMe
DNA Testing Vendors
Available Tests by Vendor
Vendor Autosomal Y-DNA Y-SNPs mtDNA X-DNA Advanced
FTDNA
AncestryDNA
Genographic
23andMe
The Genographic Project only offers the Geno 2.0 Test. They
provide refined Haplogroup information to in their report, Y-DNA
for males and mtDNA for females and males.
X-DNA Testing is done as part of the autosomal Test at Family
Tree DNA and 23andMe. It can be seen on their sites as a match
criterion. Ancestry DNA does not release any segment matching
information on their site. Their customers must download their
raw data and then upload it to GEDmatch to match by segment.
Price of Available Tests by Vendor
Vendor Autosomal
Y-DNA Y-SNPs mtDNA X-DNA Advanced
FTDNA $99.00
Family
Finder
$169+ @$39
or SNP
Kits
$199
Full
Seq.
In
Family
Finder
price
varies by
test
AncestryDNA Sale $79.00 N/A N/A N/A Incl. N/A
Genographic Sale
$149.95
N/A Hap Incl Hap Incl N/A N/A
23andMe $199.00 N/A N/A N/A Incl. Health
What do you want to learn?
Are your goals narrow or broad?
Sex-linked DNA Tests
Y-DNA tests trace a narrow band of direct paternal line ancestors and their direct line male descendants.
Mitochondrial (mtDNA ) tests trace a narrow band of direct maternal line ancestors and their direct line female descendants.
Close matches using these methods may have a most recent common ancestor (MRCA) within a range of a thousand years or more.
Autosomal DNA Testing
atDNA (autosomal) is the non-sex-linked
DNA .
You have atDNA in common with all of
your immediate relatives, generally all of
your close relatives, and most of your
distant relatives, though this diminishes
with increased genealogical distance.
X-DNA (sex-linked) testing is done
together with atDNA testing.
Finding More Cousins
In general, one will find many more
cousins, of varying genetic distances,
using atDNA testing.
These matches potentially come from all
parts of your genetically related family.
They are much more representative of
your total genome than those found in
sex-linked DNA testing.
DNA Segment Comparison
Testing Company Segment Data Compared?
FamilyTreeDNA Yes – in Family Finder; may be uploaded
to DNAGedcom and GEDMatch
AncestryDNA No – Raw data must be uploaded to
GEDMatch to compare segments.
23andMe Yes – Through use of 23andMe’s
Chromosome Comparison Tool
The Genographic Project No and Yes – Data must be transferred
to FTDNA. Basic transfer is free; full
Family Finder activation is $39.
Thinking outside the box.
Full personal genome sequencing for under $2,000!
Comprehensive Y-DNA Sequencing
FullGenomes.com
Full Genomes Corp.
They’re currently offering an advanced test that will provide a comprehensive sequence of your Y chromosome, called the Y-Elite Test.
This Y chromosome test determines the ancestry of your paternal line back in time and will determine those markers (i.e. SNPs and STRs) that are most informative for your paternal ancestry.
They also offer a full personal genome sequencing for under $2,000.
Full Genomes Corp.
Purchase of: Y Elite Sequencing
Price per item: $750.00 USD
Purchase of: Whole Genome Sequencing
Price per item: $1,850.00 USD
Purchase of: Interpretation of BAM files
Price per item: $50.00 USD
YSEQ DNA Shop
I’ve Received My Y-Chromosome
Sequencing Results – What Now?
YSEQ is a new company established by
Thomas and Astrid Krahn in November 2013.
They worked for a number of years at
FTDNA, helping to build their lab program.
YSEQ offer a potentially unlimited menu of
single SNPs to order.
They charge $17.50 per SNP.
Inquiring minds want to know…
“Was I born this way?”
“Can I (or Did I) pass it on to my descendants?”
What Can Our DNA Tell Us?
We can learn the genetic distance we share
with other tested individuals.
We can find genetic cousins, and by
developing cousin teams, we can find
Common Ancestors and learn the nature of
our genealogical relationships.
We can learn about our Ethno-ancestry;
from what ethnic groups and geographical
areas did our ancestors come?
What Else Can Our DNA Tell Us?
Through specialized DNA testing, we can learn about
genetically inherited diseases and health issues.
The FDA shut down 23andMe’s health related DNA
testing, but now they’re back.
We can use SNPedia.com’s Promethease.com to have
their autosomal DNA (raw data downloaded from
FTDNA) analyzed for only $5.
Gene by Gene will perform a wide variety of tests in
coordination with your physician.
And now Genes for Good will do both health and ethno-
ancestry testing for free!
The author is not a physician, and is not offering medical advice. Consult a physician for medical advice.
From Live in the D on WDIV Detroit
Channel 4 - March 21, 2015
http://www.clickondetroit.com/news/live-in-the-d/um-facebook-team-up-on-genes-for-good/32114766
https://genesforgood.sph.umich.edu/
Click Through to the
Facebook App
Health Results
We're excited to help you keep track of your own health information! Through the app, you'll be able to see plots of both Health History and Health Tracking results. Then, you'll also be able to download your survey responses and information, if you'd like a copy to save.
From the Health History surveys, we'll plot information that lets you see where you fit into the overall population of the study. For instance, after responding to the questionnaire about personality, you'll be able to learn about five major aspects of your personality and how you relate to others.
Health History Result -
Personality
Your Responses
Compared to the Group “We will also plot your information from the Health
Tracking surveys so you can compare your responses to summary information about other participants and -- perhaps even more importantly -- keep track of your own health behaviors.
For example, you can see in the mock-up below how we'll plot trends in alcohol use and stress over time. You'll be able to zoom in and out and decide which aspects of health to plot simultaneously.
To protect the privacy of those who first join the study, we will not compare participants to others before we have 250 participants.
We will also exclude the 4 most extreme individuals from average information.”
Sample Comparison
Learning About Your Genome
“Once we've extracted the DNA from your saliva sample, we'll have a lot to share with you!
We’re very grateful that you’re participating in this important health research, since it takes many thousands of people to generate enough data to do genetic studies. Though our research projects will take several years, we want you to get back some interesting information about yourself in the meantime!
It is voluntary to provide a saliva sample, but rest assured that we take privacy issues around sensitive health and genetic information very seriously. If you are willing, we will send you a spit-kit free of charge and return information directly to you. You’ll be able to learn about your genetic ancestry, estimate the proportion of Neanderthal DNA in your genotype, and receive your raw genetic data.
We have the tools to give you information about what proportions of which ancestries are suggested by your DNA, such as percentage Korean, Scandinavian, or Native American. We will also show you an interactive map that gives information about themigration patterns of your maternal and paternal ancestors. Below is an example of one way we’ll plot information – and, don’t worry, we’ll help you interpret it!”
A Sample Genome Plot
Parent Company of Family Tree DNA
FTDNA’s
Parent Company
Testing Service Price Enhanced Item Price
Whole Exome Sequencing ¹ $1095
Raw Data Only
$1295 With Alignment
and Variant Calling
Illumina OMNI Express Array ² $199 N/A
Complete Mitochondrial
Sequencing - MTDNA
$495 N/A
Whole Genome Sequencing ³ $10,395
No Analysis
$10,795 With Alignment
and Variant Calling
¹ The exome contains the functionally important coding regions of the human genome.
² Optimized tag SNP content from all three HapMap phases has been strategically
selected to capture the greatest amount of common variation and drive the discovery of
novel associations with traits and conditions.
³ Gene By Gene’s whole genome sequencing service allows for a high degree of accuracy
in identifying variants across the entire scope of the human genome.
Brought to you by SNPedia.com
Prometheus was the deity in Greek mythology who was
the creator of mankind and its greatest benefactor, who
gifted mankind with fire stolen from Mount Olympus.
What is Promethease?
Promethease is a website to learn about the health implications of various SNPs in your personal genome.
One can obtain the raw data from an autosomal test taken through Family Tree DNA, AncestryDNA or 23andMe, upload it to Promethease.com, pay $5, and within about 15 minutes have an extremely detailed report and download it to one’s own personal computer.
Brought to you by SNPedia.com
Prometheus was the deity in Greek mythology who was
the creator of mankind and its greatest benefactor, who
gifted mankind with fire stolen from Mount Olympus.
Who is Behind Promethease?
“Promethease was created by a tiny, two-man company run as a side project by Greg Lennon, a geneticist based in Maryland, and Mike Cariaso, a computer programmer in Portland, Oregon.
It works by comparing a person’s DNA data with entries in SNPedia, a sprawling public wiki on human genetics that the pair created eight years ago and run with the help of a few dozen volunteer editors.
Lennon says Promethease is being used to build as many as 500 gene reports a day.”
From “How a Wiki Is Keeping Direct-to-Consumer Genetics Alive”
by Antonio Regalado on October 19, 2014 in the MIT Technology Review
How to use Promethease
The End
Presentation Copyright ©2015 James R. Lannin, Jr. aka “Jimmy Chromosomes”
