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Lumina Rising:Lumina Rising:Challenging Desktop OrthodoxyChallenging Desktop Orthodoxy
Ken Moore<[email protected]>
Ohio Linux FestColumbus, OH
September 29-30
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September 29-30, 2017Lumina Rising: Challenging Desktop Orthodoxy
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Key QuestionsKey Questions
● What is a desktop?● How is a desktop assembled?● How does a desktop integrate with the
operating system?● How is Lumina 2 any different?
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What is a desktop?What is a desktop?Common Answers:Common Answers:
● A complete graphical system with a collection of various utilities for common tasks. Examples: KDE, GNOME, and XFCE.
● An interface with application shortcuts and manages graphical windows. Examples: Plasma, Lumina, and WM + dock.
● Only the window manager.
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What is a desktop?What is a desktop?Proposed Answer:Proposed Answer:
● A graphical interface to an operating system which supports industry standards for application interactions and controls.
● Examples: ● Window Management: ICCCM and EWMH● Application Registration: XDG desktop menu and entry specs● Theming Specs: Icons, cursors, and color schemes (debatable)
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How is a desktop assembled?How is a desktop assembled?● As time passes, the base desktop grows:
PackageManager
WMPanelsX11
Wallpaper+ Icons
Screensaver
Screen Lock
Clipboard
Keychain
SessionManager
ApplicationLauncher
File Manager
ServiceManager
DeviceManager
NetworkManager
FileSharing
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How is a desktop assembled?How is a desktop assembled?● As time passes, the base desktop grows:
PackageManager
WMPanelsX11
Wallpaper+ Icons
Screensaver
Screen Lock
Clipboard
Keychain
SessionManager
ApplicationLauncher
File Manager
ServiceManager
DeviceManager
NetworkManager
FileSharing
Desktop Session
ApplicationInterfaces
Operating SystemControl
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How is a desktop assembled?How is a desktop assembled?● As time passes, the base desktop grows:
PackageManager
WMPanelsX11
Wallpaper+ Icons
Screensaver
Screen Lock
Clipboard
Keychain
SessionManager
ApplicationLauncher
File Manager
ServiceManager
DeviceManager
NetworkManager
FileSharing
Desktop Session
ApplicationInterfaces
Operating SystemControl
Where is the operating system?When does the desktop
become the OS?
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How does a desktop integrate with How does a desktop integrate with the operating system?the operating system?
● The OS provides a “system console”● Keyboard Only● Users/Groups● Networking● Services● Filesystems● Shells● Hardware drivers● Standard C libraries
● The desktop provides a “graphical console”● Keyboard optional● Multi-user● Multi-application● Visualization of the OS● X11/Wayland libraries
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How does a desktop tie into the How does a desktop tie into the operating system?operating system?
● Recent trends in OS “intrusion” by desktops● Filesystem interference: GVFS and inotify● Bypass user restrictions: policykit and dbus● Bypass removable device management: hald, automount, and
autorun● Bypass shared network protocols using alternate libraries,
tools, or versions● Bypass hardware management: upower
● Desktops try to enforce standardized OS interactions, but fail. Desktops need an API!
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How is Lumina Different?How is Lumina Different?
● Other desktops● KDE/Plasma, GNOME and
derivatives● The “all-in-one” approach● Lots of dependencies
● XFCE, LXQT, and Lumina 1● More modular and
independent from applications● Primarily just the “interface”● Still require several runtime
processes
● Lumina 2● Interface only● No OS services required,
modular OS interaction framework
● Requires Qt5/X11 libraries only
● Completely independent from applications
What is the desktop?
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How is Lumina Different?How is Lumina Different?What is the desktop?
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How is Lumina Different?How is Lumina Different?
● Other desktops● Lots of binaries/processes● Uses dbus as IPC “glue”● Moving toward “Apps-as-
services”● Highly fragmented core,
desktop-dependent extra applications
● Lumina 2● One binary/process ● Formalized JSON API● Transient applications● Unified core, independent
extra applications
How is the desktop assembled?
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How is Lumina Different?How is Lumina Different?How is the desktop assembled?
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How is Lumina Different?How is Lumina Different?
● Other desktops● Linux-centric. Backend
services/tools must be ported to a non-Linux OS first.
● Attempt to “control” OS capabilities. The desktop is dominant.
● Provide a multitude of utilities for OS tasks
● Lumina 2 is:● OS-agnostic. Optional
internal mapping for OS interactions.
● An “interface” for any OS capabilities. The OS is dominant.
● Minimal. OS control utilities are installed by the OS.
Desktop and OS Interactions
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How is Lumina Different?How is Lumina Different?Desktop and OS Interactions
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ConclusionsConclusions
● Open-source desktop developers are at a crossroads. Do we follow the example of Windows and become a central component of a single operating system? Or, do we create and use operating standards for desktop/OS interaction?
● The Lumina project is forging ahead with goals of portability, simplicity, and standardization.
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Questions?
Slides Available at:https://www.slideshare.net/beanpole135