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Submitted on 10 Nov 2010
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On some Complementary Trends in ModelTransformation Generation
Marianne Huchard, Xavier Dolques, Jean-Rémy Falleri, Clémentine Nebut
To cite this version:Marianne Huchard, Xavier Dolques, Jean-Rémy Falleri, Clémentine Nebut. On some ComplementaryTrends in Model Transformation Generation. FTMDD 2010 @ ICEIS 2010: 2nd International Work-shop on Future Trends of Model-Driven Development, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal. �lirmm-00534895�
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❖♥ s♦♠❡ ❝♦♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛r② tr❡♥❞s ✐♥
▼♦❞❡❧ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥
▼❛r✐❛♥♥❡ ❍✉❝❤❛r❞
❏♦✐♥t ✇♦r❦ ✇✐t❤ ❳❛✈✐❡r ❉♦❧q✉❡s✱ ❏❡❛♥✲❘é♠② ❋❛❧❧❡r✐ ❛♥❞ ❈❧é♠❡♥t✐♥❡ ◆❡❜✉t
▲■❘▼▼ ✲ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ▼♦♥t♣❡❧❧✐❡r ✷✱ ❈◆❘❙
❋❚▼❉❉✱ ❏✉♥❡ ✷✵✶✵
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✶ ▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚●
✷ ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚●
✸ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚●
✹ ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
✷▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❖✉t❧✐♥❡
✶ ▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚●
✷ ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚●
✸ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚●
✹ ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
✸▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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▼♦❞❡❧ ❉r✐✈❡♥ ❊♥❣✐♥❡❡r✐♥❣
❉❡✈❡❧♦♣♠❡♥t ♣❛r❛❞✐❣♠
♠♦❞❡❧✲❝❡♥t❡r❡❞
❆❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡s
❝❛♣✐t❛❧✐③✐♥❣ ♦♥ ♠♦❞❡❧❧✐♥❣
✐♥t❡r♦♣❡r❛❜✐❧✐t②
❝♦❞✐♥❣ t❡❝❤♥♦❧♦❣② ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t
✹▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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▼♦❞❡❧ ❉r✐✈❡♥ ❊♥❣✐♥❡❡r✐♥❣
❈♦♥s❡q✉❡♥❝❡s
❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t ❢r♦♠ ♠♦❞❡❧❧✐♥❣ t❡❝❤♥♦❧♦❣②
❛ ❧♦t ♦❢ ♠♦❞❡❧s✱ ♠❡t❛✲♠♦❞❡❧s
❛ ❧♦t ♦❢ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥s
✺▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❚❤❡ ♥❛t✉r❡ ♦❢ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥s
❆ ❢❡✇ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s
❈■▼✲P■▼✲P❙▼ ❛♥❞ ✈❛r✐❛♥ts
s♦❢t✇❛r❡ ♠✐❣r❛t✐♦♥
♠❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ✈❡rs✐♦♥ ❝❤❛♥❣❡s
♠♦❞❡❧ ❜✉✐❧❞✐♥❣✱ ♠❡r❣✐♥❣✱ r❡❢❛❝t♦r✐♥❣
❈❧❛ss✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥s
❑✳ ❈③❛r♥❡❝❦✐ ❛♥❞ ❙✳ ❍❡❧s❡♥✳ ❈❧❛ss✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ▼♦❞❡❧ ❚r❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥❆♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡s✳ ✷♥❞ ❖❖P❙▲❆✬✵✸ ❲♦r❦s❤♦♣ ♦♥ ●❡♥❡r❛t✐✈❡ ❚❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s✐♥ t❤❡ ❈♦♥t❡①t ♦❢ ▼❉❆ ✭✷✵✵✸✮
❚♦♠ ▼❡♥s✱ P✐❡t❡r ❱❛♥ ●♦r♣ ✿ ❆ ❚❛①♦♥♦♠② ♦❢ ▼♦❞❡❧ ❚r❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥✳❊❧❡❝tr✳ ◆♦t❡s ❚❤❡♦r✳ ❈♦♠♣✉t✳ ❙❝✐✳ ✶✺✷ ✿ ✶✷✺✲✶✹✷ ✭✷✵✵✻✮
✻▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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Pr♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❛ ♠♦❞❡❧ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥
❆❝t♦rs
❞♦♠❛✐♥ ❡①♣❡rt
tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ❞❡✈❡❧♦♣❡r
▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s
❣❡♥❡r❛❧✐st ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ✰ ♠♦❞❡❧ ♠❛♥✐♣✉❧❛t✐♦♥❢r❛♠❡✇♦r❦s ✭❡✳❣✳ ❏❛✈❛ ✰ ❊▼❋✮
❞❡❞✐❝❛t❡❞ ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ✭❡✳❣✳ ◗❱❚✱ ❆❚▲✱ ❑❡r♠❡t❛✱❱■❆❚❘❆✱ ❡t❝✳✮
❘❡q✉✐r❡❞ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡
tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡
s♦✉r❝❡ ❛♥❞ t❛r❣❡t ♠❡t❛✲♠♦❞❡❧
♠❡t❛✲♠❡t❛✲♠♦❞❡❧
❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡ s♣❡❝✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥✼▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❚❤❡ ♥❡❡❞ ❢♦r ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♥❣ ♠♦❞❡❧ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥s
❈♦♥t❡①t
▼❛♥② t♦♦❧s t❤❛t ♠❛♥✐♣✉❧❛t❡ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❛♥❞ ♥❡❡❞ t♦ ❡①❝❤❛♥❣❡ t❤❡♠✭❝♦❞❡ ❣❡♥❡r❛t♦rs✱ ♠♦❞❡❧ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ❡❞✐t♦rs✱ ❣r❛♣❤✐❝❛❧ ❡❞✐t♦rs✮
▼❛♥② ❡✈♦❧✉t✐♦♥ ♦❢ s♦❢t✇❛r❡ ✇✐t❤ t❡❝❤♥♦❧♦❣② ❝❤❛♥❣❡
▼❛♥② ❝❧♦s❡ ♠♦❞❡❧s ✭❡✳❣✳ ❝❧❛ss ♠♦❞❡❧s ❯▼▲✱ ▼❖❋✱ ❊▼❖❋✱ ❑▼❚✸✮
▼❛♥② ✈❡rs✐♦♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ♠❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ✭❡✳❣✳ ❯▼▲✮
❙✉♣♣♦rt ❢♦r tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ❞❡✈❡❧♦♣❡rs
❆✉t♦♠❛t✐❝❛❧❧② ❣❡♥❡r❛t❡ ♣❛rt ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ♣r♦❣r❛♠
✽▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❖♣♣♦rt✉♥✐t✐❡s ❢♦r ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♥❣ ♠♦❞❡❧ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥s
❲❤❛t ♠❛❦❡s ✐t ♣♦ss✐❜❧❡
❙✐♠♣❧✐❝✐t② ♦❢ ♠❛♥② tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥s
❉❡❝❧❛r❛t✐✈❡ ♣❛r❛❞✐❣♠ ✭r✉❧❡s ✿ ♠♦❞❡❧ ♣❛tt❡r♥ −→ ♠♦❞❡❧ ♣❛tt❡r♥✮
❈❧♦s❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛t✐❝s ✇✐t❤ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡
❲❡❜ s❡♠❛♥t✐❝✱ ♦♥t♦❧♦❣② ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t✱ s❝❤❡♠❛ ♠❛t❝❤✐♥❣ t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s
❉❛t❛❜❛s❡✱ ✐♥t❡r♦♣❡r❛❜✐❧✐t② ✭❊❚▲ t♦♦❧s✮
❈✉rr❡♥t❧② t✇♦ ♠❛✐♥ tr❛❝❦s
▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚●
❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ✭▼♦❞❡❧✮ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚●
✾▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚●
❯▼▲ ♠❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ t♦ ❊♥t✐t②✲❘❡❧❛t✐♦♥s❤✐♣ ♠❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧
✶✵▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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▼♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚●
❯▼▲ ♠❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ t♦ ❊♥t✐t②✲❘❡❧❛t✐♦♥s❤✐♣ ♠❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧
✶✶▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❲❤❛t ✇❡ ❦♥♦✇ t♦ ❞♦ ❄
❙t❛rt✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ♠❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧s
▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t
❉❡r✐✈❡ r✉❧❡s ❢r♦♠ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t
❙t❛rt✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ♠♦❞❡❧s ✭tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s✮
▼♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t
❉❡r✐✈❡ r✉❧❡s ❢r♦♠ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t
✶✷▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❖✉t❧✐♥❡
✶ ▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚●
✷ ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚●
✸ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚●
✹ ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
✶✸▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ✭❆ t❛s❦ ✐♥ ▼❚●✮
Pr✐♥❝✐♣❧❡
❊st❛❜❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ❛ ♠❛t❝❤ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ t❤❡ t✇♦ ♠❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧s
✶✹▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ✭❆ t❛s❦ ✐♥ ▼❚●✮
❈♦♥t❡①t
♠❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧s ✿ ❞❡s❝r✐❜✐♥❣ s❛♠❡ s♦rt ♦❢ t❤✐♥❣s✭❝❧❛ss ♠❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧s✱ tr❛❝❡❛❜✐❧✐t② ♠❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧s✱ ❡t❝✳✮
■♥t❡r❡st
♥♦t ♥❡❝❡ss❛r② t♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s ✭❡①❝❡♣t ❢♦r t❡st✐♥❣✮
❛❜str❛❝t ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ♠❛♥✐♣✉❧❛t✐♦♥
♣r✐♦r s♣❡❝✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ✐s ♥♦t r❡q✉✐r❡❞
✶✺▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❲❤❛t ✇❡ ❞✐❞
❙✐♠✐❧❛r✐t② ❋❧♦♦❞✐♥❣ ✭▼❡❧♥✐❦ ❡t ❛❧✳✮ ❢♦r ♠❛t❝❤✐♥❣
❙✐♠✐❧❛r✐t② ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ✇♦r❦s ♦♥ ❧❛❜❡❧❡❞ ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤s
❙✐♠✐❧❛r✐t② ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ✐s ❡❛s✐❧② t✉♥❛❜❧❡
❯s✐♥❣ ♠❛t❝❤✐♥❣
❚❡st✐♥❣ s❡✈❡r❛❧ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥s ❢♦r ❙✐♠✐❧❛r✐t② ❋❧♦♦❞✐♥❣ ✉s❡
❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛ ♠❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t
❆✉t♦♠❛t✐❝ ❝♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛❧✐❣♠❡♥t ♠♦❞❡❧s
✶✻▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❚❤r❡❡ st❡♣s
EcoreAlignment
Metamodel source
Digraph source
Metamodel target
Digraph target
GraphAlignment
Metamodel to
Graph
Metamodel to
Graph
SimilarityFlooding
EcoreAlignmentencoder
❚❤❡ t❤r❡❡ st❡♣s✶ ❋r♦♠ ♠❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧s t♦ ❣r❛♣❤s
✷ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❙✐♠✐❧❛r✐t② ❋❧♦♦❞✐♥❣
✸ ❈♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛♥ ❛❧✐❣♥❡♠❡♥t ♠❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ r❡s✉❧t ♦❢❙✐♠✐❧❛r✐t② ❋❧♦♦❞✐♥❣
✶✼▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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✶✳ ❋r♦♠ ♠❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧s t♦ ❣r❛♣❤s
EcoreAlignment
Metamodel source
Digraph source
Metamodel target
Digraph target
GraphAlignment
Metamodel to
Graph
Metamodel to
Graph
SimilarityFlooding
EcoreAlignmentencoder
✶✽▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❚r❛♥s❢♦r♠ ❛ ♠❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ✐♥t♦ ❛ ❧❛❜❡❧❧❡❞ ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤
■♥♣✉t
❆ ♠❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧
❖✉t♣✉t
❆ ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ❧❛❜❡❧❧❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦❞❡❧
❖❜❥❡❝t✐✈❡
❙t✉❞② t❤❡ ✐♠♣❛❝t ♦♥ ❙✐♠✐❧❛r✐t② ❋❧♦♦❞✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ❝❤♦✐❝❡
❙✐① t❡st❡❞ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥s
❈♦♠♣❛r✐s♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ r❡s✉❧ts
✶✾▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❈♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ▼✐♥✐♠❛❧
▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❡❧❡♠❡♥ts ❛r❡ ❝♦♥✈❡rt❡❞ ✐♥t♦ ❧❛❜❡❧❧❡❞ ♥♦❞❡s
❘❡❧❛t✐♦♥s ❛r❡ ❝♦♥✈❡rt❡❞ ✐♥t♦ ❧❛❜❡❧❧❡❞ ❡❞❣❡s
❉❡r✐✈❡❞ ❛ttr✐❜✉t❡s✱ r❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s✱ ♦♣❡r❛t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡rs ❛r❡ ✐❣♥♦r❡❞
NamedElement
nameown
EString
datatype
Operation
supertype
type
ref
Class
type
supertype
operations
ref
type
exGsource
Operation
+ /qualifiedName: EString
Class
NamedElement
+ name: EString
+ type1..1
exMMsource
+ operations0..*
✷✵▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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◆❡①t ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥s
❇❛s✐❝ ✿ s❡♣❛r❛t❡ ❡❧❡♠❡♥ts ❛♥❞ t❤❡✐r ♥❛♠❡s
❙t❛♥❞❛r❞ ✿ ❛❞❞✐♥❣ ♠❡t❛❝❧❛ss❡s✱ ❝❛r❞✐♥❛❧✐t② ❛♥❞ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥♠❡♥t
❋✉❧❧ ✿ ❛❞❞✐♥❣ ❞❡r✐✈❡❞ ❛ttr✐❜✉t❡s ❛♥❞ r❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s
❙❛t✉r❛t❡❞ ✿ ❝❧♦s❡ s✉♣❡rt②♣❡✱ ❛♣♣❧② ✐♥❤❡r✐t❛♥❝❡
❋❧❛tt❡♥❡❞ ✿ ❛❜str❛❝t ❝❧❛ss ♥♦❞❡s ❛♥❞ s✉♣❡rt②♣❡ ❡❞❣❡s ❛r❡ r❡♠♦✈❡❞
✷✶▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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✷✳ ❙✐♠✐❧❛r✐t② ❋❧♦♦❞✐♥❣
EcoreAlignment
Metamodel source
Digraph source
Metamodel target
Digraph target
GraphAlignment
Metamodel to
Graph
Metamodel to
Graph
SimilarityFlooding
EcoreAlignmentencoder
✷✷▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❋✐rst st❡♣ ✿ ❚❤❡ ❝♦♠♣❛t✐❜✐❧✐t② ❣r❛♣❤
Operation
+ /qualifiedName: EString
Class
NamedElement
+ name: EString
+ type1..1
JElement
+ name: String
JTypedElement
JMethod
JClass + type1..1
+ methods 0..*
exMMsourceexMMtarget
<<datatype>> String
+ operations0..*
✷✸▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❋✐rst st❡♣ ✿ ❚❤❡ ❝♦♠♣❛t✐❜✐❧✐t② ❣r❛♣❤
(NamedElement,JElement)
(name,name)
own(EString,String) datatype
(NamedElement,JTypedElement)
(Operation,JTypedElement)
supertype
(type,type)
ref
(Class,JTypedElement)
supertype
(operations,type)ref
(Class,JClass)type
(Operation,JClass)
type
supertype
(type,methods)ref
supertype
(operations,methods)
ref
(Class,JMethod) type(Operation,JMethod)
type
supertype supertype
exCG
✷✸▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❙❡❝♦♥❞ st❡♣ ✿ ♣r♦♣❛❣❛t✐♦♥ ❣r❛♣❤
(NamedElement,JElement)
(name,name)
(Operation,JTypedElement)
0.25
(Class,JTypedElement)
0.25
(Operation,JClass)0.25(Class,JClass) 0.25
(EString,String)
(NamedElement,JTypedElement)
(Operation,JMethod)
0.5(Class,JMethod)
0.5
1.0
(type,type)1.0
1.0
(operations,type)1.01.0
1.0
1.0
1.01.0
1.0
(type,methods)
1.01.0
(operations,methods)
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
exPCG
1.01.0
1.0
1.0 1.0 1.0
1.01.0
1.0 1.0
✷✹▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❚❤✐r❞ st❡♣ ✿ ❛ss✐❣♥✐♥❣ ✐♥✐t✐❛❧ s✐♠✐❧❛r✐t② ✈❛❧✉❡s
✵ ✐❢ ① ♦r ② ✐s ❛♥ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡r ✭♥♦t ❛ ♠♦❞❡❧ ❡❧❡♠❡♥t ♥❛♠❡✮
✶− ❧❡✈❡♥s❤t❡✐♥(① , ②)/♠❛①(❧❡♥❣t❤(①), ❧❡♥❣t❤(②)) ♦t❤❡r✇✐s❡
❈♦♠♣❛t✐❜✐❧✐t② ♥♦❞❡ ■♥✐t✐❛❧ s✐♠✐❧❛r✐t② ✈❛❧✉❡
✭◆❛♠❡❞❊❧❡♠❡♥t✱❏❊❧❡♠❡♥t✮ ✵✳✺✽✸✸✸✸✹✭♥❛♠❡✱♥❛♠❡✮ ✶✳✵
✭❊❙tr✐♥❣✱❙tr✐♥❣✮ ✵✳✽✺✼✶✹✷✽✼✭◆❛♠❡❞❊❧❡♠❡♥t✱❏❚②♣❡❞❊❧❡♠❡♥t✮ ✵✳✻✾✷✸✵✼✼
✭❖♣❡r❛t✐♦♥✱❏❚②♣❡❞❊❧❡♠❡♥t✮ ✵✳✷✸✵✼✻✾✷✷
✷✺▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❋♦✉rt❤ st❡♣ ✿ ♣r♦♣❛❣❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ✜① ♣♦✐♥t ❝❛❧❝✉❧✉s
Pr✐♥❝✐♣❡
Pr♦♣❛❣❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ s✐♠✐❧❛r✐t② ✈❛❧✉❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r♦♣❛❣❛t✐♦♥ ❣r❛♣❤✱ ✉♥t✐❧✜♥❞✐♥❣ ❛ ✜① ♣♦✐♥t
Pr♦♣❛❣❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛❡ ✿ ❛t st❡♣ ✐ ✱
s ✐+✶♥ = s ✐♥ + s✵♥ +
∑
♠∈■♥
✇(♠, ♥)× (s✵♠ + s ✐♠)
❋✐①♣♦✐♥t ✿ ✇❤❡♥ s✐♠✐❧❛r✐t② ✈❛❧✉❡s ❞✐✛❡r❡♥❝❡s ✐s ❧❡ss t❤❛♥ ǫ ❞✉r✐♥❣ t✇♦s✉❝❝❡ss✐✈❡ st❡♣s✳
✷✻▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❋✐❢t❤ st❡♣ ✿ ✜❧t❡r✐♥❣
Pr✐♥❝✐♣❡
❚♦ ❦❡❡♣ ❜❡st ♠❛t❝❤❡s✳
❆ ♥♦❞❡ ♦❢ ●s♦✉r❝❡ ❝❛♥ ♠❛t❝❤ ✇✐t❤ s❡✈❡r❛❧ ♥♦❞❡s ♦❢ ●t❛r❣❡t ✳
❆ r❡❧❛t✐✈❡ s✐♠✐❧❛r✐t② ✈❛❧✉❡ ✐s ❝♦♠♣✉t❡❞ ❢♦r ❡❛❝❤ ♥♦❞❡ ❧♦♦❦✐♥❣ ❛t t❤❡❧❡❛✈✐♥❣ ❡❞❣❡ s✐♠✐❧❛r✐t✐❡s
P❛✐rs ✇✐t❤ ❛ s✐♠✐❧❛r✐t② ✉♥❞❡r ❛ t❤r❡s❤♦❧❞ ❛r❡ ❡❧✐♠✐♥❛t❡❞
0.64type
operations
type
methods0.52
0.11 0.111.0type
operations
type
methods
1.0
1.0 1.0
0.17 0.170.21 0.21
✷✼▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❈❛s❡ st✉❞②
❖❜❥❡❝t✐❢
❚❡st✐♥❣ t❤❡ s✐① ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥s
❉❛t❛❡①▼▼❙♦✉r❝❡ → ❡①▼▼❚❛r❣❡t
❊❝♦r❡ → ▼✐♥❥❛✈❛
❊❝♦r❡ → ❑❡r♠❡t❛
❊❝♦r❡ → ❯▼▲
✷✽▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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▼❡tr✐❝s
♣r❡❝✐s✐♦♥✱ r❡❝❛❧❧ ❡t ❢ ❴s❝♦r❡ ✿
♣r❡❝✐s✐♦♥ =◆✉♠❜❡r❴♦❢❴❈♦rr❡❝t❴❋♦✉♥❞❴▼❛♣♣✐♥❣s
◆✉♠❜❡r❴♦❢❴❚♦t❛❧❴❋♦✉♥❞❴▼❛♣♣✐♥❣s
r❡❝❛❧❧ =◆✉♠❜❡r❴♦❢❴❈♦rr❡❝t❴❋♦✉♥❞❴▼❛♣♣✐♥❣s
◆✉♠❜❡r❴♦❢❴❚♦t❛❧❴❊①✐st✐♥❣❴▼❛♣♣✐♥❣s
❢ ❴s❝♦r❡ = ✷×r❡❝❛❧❧×♣r❡❝✐s✐♦♥r❡❝❛❧❧+♣r❡❝✐s✐♦♥
✷✾▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❘❡s✉❧ts
❡①▼▼❙♦✉r❝❡ → ❡①▼▼❚❛r❣❡t
Precision Recall F_score0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
MinimalBasicStandardFullFlattenedSaturated
❊❝♦r❡ → ▼✐♥❥❛✈❛
Precision Recall F_score0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1
MinimalBasicStandardFullFlattenedSaturated
◆♦t s♦ ❜❛❞ r❡s✉❧ts✱ ❣♦♦❞ ♣r❡❝✐s✐♦♥
❇❡tt❡r r❡s✉❧ts ❢♦r s✐♠✐❧❛r ♠❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ s✐③❡
❈♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥s ❙❛t✉r❛t❡❞ ❛♥❞ ❇❛s✐❝ ❣✐✈❡ ❣♦♦❞ r❡s✉❧ts
✸✵▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❘❡s✉❧ts
❊❝♦r❡ → ❑❡r♠❡t❛
Precision Recall F_score0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
MinimalBasicStandardFullFlattenedSaturated
❊❝♦r❡ → ❯▼▲
Precision Recall F_score0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
MinimalBasicStandardFullFlattenedSaturated
◆♦t s♦ ❜❛❞ r❡s✉❧ts✱ ❣♦♦❞ ♣r❡❝✐s✐♦♥
❇❡tt❡r r❡s✉❧ts ❢♦r s✐♠✐❧❛r ♠❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ s✐③❡
❈♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥s ❙❛t✉r❛t❡❞ ❛♥❞ ❇❛s✐❝ ❣✐✈❡ ❣♦♦❞ r❡s✉❧ts
✸✵▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ♦♥ ♠❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t
❆ t♦♦❧ t❤❛t ❛✉t♦♠❛t✐❝❛❧❧② ❛❧✐❣♥s t✇♦ ♠❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧s
❆ss❡ss♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥s
❆❧✐❣♥♠❡♥ts ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✉s❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥❡✳❣✳ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ♦❢ ❬▲♦♣❡s ❡t ❛❧✳❪
✸✶▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❖✉t❧✐♥❡
✶ ▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚●
✷ ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚●
✸ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚●
✹ ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
✸✷▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ✭▼❚❇❊✮
Pr✐♥❝✐♣❧❡
■♥❞✉❝✐♥❣ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ r✉❧❡s ❢r♦♠ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❡❞ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s✳
❈♦♥t❡①t
♠❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧s ✿ s✐♠✐❧❛r t♦ ✈❡r② ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ❀
❛ s❡t ♦❢ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s
■♥t❡r❡st
✉s❡ ♦❢ ❡①✐st✐♥❣ ❞❛t❛
❝♦♥❝r❡t❡ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ♠❛♥✐♣✉❧❛t✐♦♥
♣r✐♦r s♣❡❝✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ✐s ♥♦t r❡q✉✐r❡❞
✸✸▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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■♥♣✉t ❞❛t❛
Entity
Role
Attribute
RelationShipCardinality
1
2..* role 1role
* attribute
entity1
1
*role
refersTo
relationShipcardinality0..1
min:int
max:intAssociation
Class
Type
Property
upper:intlower:int
owning Association
ownedEnd
0..1 association
2..**
memberEnd
0..1
owningClass0..1
ownedAttribute*
type
1*
✸✹▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❖✉t♣✉t ❞❛t❛
Entity
Entity−Relation
Role
Attribute
UML
Class
−association(Association)
+association(Association)Property
Property
❚r❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ r✉❧❡s
✸✺▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❚✇♦✲st❡♣ ♣r♦❝❡ss
✸✻▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❆♥❝❤♦r ❞✐s❝♦✈❡r②
❆♥❝❤♦r ♣❛✐r
❆♥ ❡❧❡♠❡♥t ✐♥ ❛ s♦✉r❝❡ ♠♦❞❡❧ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s s✉r❡❧② ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ t♦ ❛♥ ❡❧❡♠❡♥t ♦❢t❤❡ t❛r❣❡t ♠♦❞❡❧
❍②♣♦t❤❡s✐s
❲❤❡♥ t❤❡ ♠♦❞❡❧ ✐s tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❡❞✱ ♥❛♠❡s r❡♠❛✐♥ q✉✐t❡ t❤❡ s❛♠❡
❙tr✐♥❣ ♠❛t❝❤✐♥❣ ♦♣❡r❛t✐♦♥s
❡q✉❛❧✐t②
s✉❜str✐♥❣
❧❡✈❡♥s❤t❡✐♥ ✭❡❞✐t✐♥❣✮ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡
✸✼▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❆♥❝❤♦r ♣r♦♣❛❣❛t✐♦♥
Pr✐♥❝✐♣❧❡
■♥s♣✐r❡❞ ❜② ❛♥❝❤♦rP❘❖▼P❚ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ✭♥♦② ❡t ❛❧✳✮
❆❧✐❣♥ ❛ ♣❛t❤ ✐♥ t❤❡ s♦✉r❝❡ ♠♦❞❡❧ ❛♥❞ ❛ ♣❛t❤ ✐♥ t❤❡ t❛r❣❡t ♠♦❞❡❧
❆❞♠✐t ❛ ❧✐tt❧❡ s✐③❡ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥❝❡ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ t❤❡ t✇♦ ♣❛t❤s
●✐✈❡ ✇❡✐❣❤ts t♦ ♠❛t❝❤✐♥❣s✱ t❤❡♥ ✜❧t❡r
✸✽▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❆♥❝❤♦r✲❜❛s❡❞ ♠❛t❝❤✐♥❣ ♣r♦❝❡ss
❖r✐❣✐♥❛❧ ❛♥❝❤♦rP❘❖▼P❚ ♣r♦♣❛❣❛t✐♦♥
✸✾▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❆♥❝❤♦r✲❜❛s❡❞ ♠❛t❝❤✐♥❣ ♣r♦❝❡ss
❊①t❡♥s✐♦♥ t♦ ♣❛t❤s ✇✐t❤ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t s✐③❡❡✳❣✳ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ✐♥ ❯▼▲ ✈❡rs✉s ✐s✲❛ r❡❧❛t✐♦♥ ✐♥ ❊❘
✹✵▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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Pr❡❝✐s✐♦♥ ♦♥ ❝❛s❡ st✉❞②
♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ r❡❧❡✈❛♥t r❡tr✐❡✈❡❞ ♠❛t❝❤❡s ✴ ♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ r❡tr✐❡✈❡❞ ♠❛t❝❤❡s
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
delegation1
hideDelegate
uml-er3Families2Persons
uml-eruml-er2
delegation2
associations-persons
extractClass
emf2km3
precision substring precision anchorPrompt
✹✶▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❘❡❝❛❧❧ ♦♥ ❝❛s❡ st✉❞②
♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ r❡❧❡✈❛♥t r❡tr✐❡✈❡❞ ♠❛t❝❤❡s ✴ ♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ r❡❧❡✈❛♥t ♠❛t❝❤❡s
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
delegation1
hideDelegate
uml-er3Families2Persons
uml-eruml-er2
delegation2
associations-persons
extractClass
emf2km3
recall substring recall anchorPrompt
✹✷▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❋s❝♦r❡ ♦♥ ❝❛s❡ st✉❞②
❋s❝♦r❡ = ✷ ♣r❡❝✐s✐♦♥.r❡❝❛❧❧♣r❡❝✐s✐♦♥+r❡❝❛❧❧
✭❜❡st ✐s ✶✮
0.45
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
delegation1
hideDelegate
uml-er3Families2Persons
uml-eruml-er2
delegation2
associations-persons
extractClass
emf2km3
fscore substring fscore anchorPrompt
✹✸▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❘✉❧❡ ❞✐s❝♦✈❡r②
Client
name
ownsClient1
owns
L3L4
L5
L1L2
L7/L8 L10/L11
L9L6
number
Accountownership owner name
Account
numberownership
*
owner
1*
Entity
Entity−Relation
Role
Attribute
UML
Class
−association(Association)
+association(Association)Property
Property
RelationalConcept
Examples RulesRules discovery
Analysis
✹✹▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
![Page 48: On some Complementary Trends in Model Transformation ...€¦ · Pairs with a similarity under a threshold are eliminated type 0.64 operations type 0.52 methods 0.11 0.11 type1.0](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071008/5fc67624b3deca2b3f51736f/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
❘✉❧❡s ❞✐s❝♦✈❡r②
❉✐s❝♦✈❡r② ♣r♦❝❡ss✬ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s
❝❧❛ss✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❡❧❡♠❡♥ts
❝❧❛ss✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♠❛♣♣✐♥❣ ❧✐♥❦s
❞❡r✐✈❡ r✉❧❡s
❘❡❧❛t✐♦♥❛❧ ❈♦♥❝❡♣t ❆♥❛❧②s✐s ❬❍✉❝❤❛r❞ ❡t ❛❧✳ ✷✵✵✼❪
❡①t❡♥s✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❋♦r♠❛❧ ❈♦♥❝❡♣t ❆♥❛❧②s✐s ❬❲✐❧❧❡✶✾✽✷❪
❝♦♥s✐❞❡rs r❡❧❛t✐♦♥s❤✐♣s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❝❧❛ss✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ♣r♦❝❡ss
✹✺▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
![Page 49: On some Complementary Trends in Model Transformation ...€¦ · Pairs with a similarity under a threshold are eliminated type 0.64 operations type 0.52 methods 0.11 0.11 type1.0](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071008/5fc67624b3deca2b3f51736f/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❞❛t❛
type
memberEnd
ownedEnd
Client : Class
name : Property
owns:Association
ownership:PropertymemberEnd
owningClass
type
ownership:Property
Account : Class
number:Property
upper=−1
lower=1
upper=1
lower=1
owningClass owningClass
❯▼▲ ♠♦❞❡❧ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡ ✭s❡❡♥ ❛s✐♥st❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧✮
Association
Class
Type
Property
ownedAttribute
owningClass
*
0..1
*
type
0..1 0..1
* 2..*
owning Association association
ownedEnd memberEnd
1
upper:intlower:int
❙✐♠♣❧✐✜❡❞ ❯▼▲ ♠❡t❛✲♠♦❞❡❧
✹✻▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
![Page 50: On some Complementary Trends in Model Transformation ...€¦ · Pairs with a similarity under a threshold are eliminated type 0.64 operations type 0.52 methods 0.11 0.11 type1.0](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071008/5fc67624b3deca2b3f51736f/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
❈❧❛ss✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♠♦❞❡❧ ❡❧❡♠❡♥ts
♠❡t❛✲❝❧❛ss ❈❧❛ss Pr♦♣❡rt② ❆ss♦❝✐❛t✐♦♥
❆❝❝♦✉♥t ❳
❈❧✐❡♥t ❳
♦✇♥❡r ❳
♦✇♥❡❞ ❳
♦✇♥s ❳
♥✉♠❡r♦ ❳
♥❛♠❡ ❳
c0
ClientAccount
ownsnumbernameownerowned
c3meta-class:Class
ClientAccount
c4meta-class:Association
owns
c8meta-class:Property
numbernameownerowned
c1meta-class:Class
meta-class:Associationmeta-class:Property
▼♦❞❡❧ ❡❧❡♠❡♥t ❝❧❛ss✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡✐r ♠❡t❛✲❈❧❛ss❡s
✹✼▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
![Page 51: On some Complementary Trends in Model Transformation ...€¦ · Pairs with a similarity under a threshold are eliminated type 0.64 operations type 0.52 methods 0.11 0.11 type1.0](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071008/5fc67624b3deca2b3f51736f/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
❈❧❛ss✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♠♦❞❡❧ ❡❧❡♠❡♥ts
♠❡t❛✲❝❧❛ss ❈❧❛ss Pr♦♣❡rt② ❆ss♦❝✐❛t✐♦♥
❆❝❝♦✉♥t ❳
❈❧✐❡♥t ❳
♦✇♥❡r ❳
♦✇♥❡❞ ❳
♦✇♥s ❳
♥✉♠❡r♦ ❳
♥❛♠❡ ❳
c0
c3meta-class:Class
ClientAccount
c4meta-class:Association
owns
c8meta-class:Property
numdernameownerowned
c1
s✐♠♣❧✐✜❡❞
❝♦♥❝❡♣ts
▼♦❞❡❧ ❡❧❡♠❡♥t ❝❧❛ss✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡✐r ♠❡t❛✲❈❧❛ss❡s
✹✼▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
![Page 52: On some Complementary Trends in Model Transformation ...€¦ · Pairs with a similarity under a threshold are eliminated type 0.64 operations type 0.52 methods 0.11 0.11 type1.0](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071008/5fc67624b3deca2b3f51736f/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
❈❧❛ss✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♠♦❞❡❧ ❡❧❡♠❡♥ts
♦✇♥✐♥❣❈❧❛ss ❆❝❝♦✉♥t ❈❧✐❡♥t
♥✉♠❜❡r ①
♥❛♠❡ ①
♦✇♥❡r ①
c0
c3meta-class:Class
ClientAccount
c4meta-class:Association
owns
c8meta-class:Property
owne�
c2owningClass:c0owningClass:c3
numbernameowner
c1
▼♦❞❡❧ ❡❧❡♠❡♥ts ❝❧❛ss✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡✐r t❛r❣❡t ❜② t❤❡ r❡❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦✇♥✐♥❣❈❧❛ss✳
✹✼▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
![Page 53: On some Complementary Trends in Model Transformation ...€¦ · Pairs with a similarity under a threshold are eliminated type 0.64 operations type 0.52 methods 0.11 0.11 type1.0](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071008/5fc67624b3deca2b3f51736f/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
▼♦❞❡❧ ❡❧❡♠❡♥ts ❝❧❛ss✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥
c0
c3meta-class:Class
ownedAttribute:c0ownedAttribute:c2ownedAttribute:c8
Client
c9ownedAttribute:c6
Account
c4meta-class:Association
memberEnd:c0memberEnd:c7memberEnd:c8ownedEnd:c0ownedEnd:c5ownedEnd:c7ownedEnd:c8
owns
c8meta-class:Property
c2owningClass:c0owningClass:c3
numbernom
c7association:c0association:c4
type:c1type:c3
c6
owner
c5owningAssociation:c0owningAssociation:c4
owned
c1
▲❛tt✐❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❯▼▲ ♠♦❞❡❧✬s ❡❧❡♠❡♥ts✹✽▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
![Page 54: On some Complementary Trends in Model Transformation ...€¦ · Pairs with a similarity under a threshold are eliminated type 0.64 operations type 0.52 methods 0.11 0.11 type1.0](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071008/5fc67624b3deca2b3f51736f/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
❈❧❛ss✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛t✐♦♥
c0
c3meta-class:Class
ownedAttribute:c0ownedAttribute:c2ownedAttribute:c8
Client
c9ownedAttribute:c6
Account
c4meta-class:Association
memberEnd:c0memberEnd:c7memberEnd:c8ownedEnd:c0ownedEnd:c5ownedEnd:c7ownedEnd:c8
owns
c8meta-class:Property
c2owningClass:c0owningClass:c3
numbernom
c7association:c0association:c4
type:c1type:c3
c6
owner
c5owningAssociation:c0owningAssociation:c4
owned
c1
PropertyowningClass
Class
ownedAttribute
❈♦♥❝❡♣t ✸ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥✳
Property
Property
association
Association
Class
type
Class
owningClass
ownedAttribute
❈♦♥❝❡♣t ✻ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥✳
✹✾▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
![Page 55: On some Complementary Trends in Model Transformation ...€¦ · Pairs with a similarity under a threshold are eliminated type 0.64 operations type 0.52 methods 0.11 0.11 type1.0](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071008/5fc67624b3deca2b3f51736f/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
❈❧❛ss✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s
❈❧❛ss✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ ❛ ♠♦❞❡❧ ❡❧❡♠❡♥t
✐ts t②♣❡
r❡❧❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐t ✐s ♦♥❡ ❡♥❞
t②♣❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡❧❡♠❡♥ts ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐t ✐s ❛ss♦❝✐❛t❡❞
❈♦♥t❡①ts t♦ ❝r❡❛t❡
❋♦r♠❛❧ ❝♦♥t❡①ts ✿
♠♦❞❡❧ ❡❧❡♠❡♥ts ❝♦♥t❡①t♠❡t❛✲♠♦❞❡❧ ❡❧❡♠❡♥ts ❝♦♥t❡①t
❘❡❧❛t✐♦♥❛❧ ❝♦♥t❡①ts ✿
✐♥st❛♥❝❡ r❡❧❛t✐♦♥ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ♠♦❞❡❧ ❛♥❞ ♠❡t❛✲♠♦❞❡❧r❡❧❛t✐♦♥s ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❡❧❡♠❡♥ts ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠♦❞❡❧
✺✵▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
![Page 56: On some Complementary Trends in Model Transformation ...€¦ · Pairs with a similarity under a threshold are eliminated type 0.64 operations type 0.52 methods 0.11 0.11 type1.0](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071008/5fc67624b3deca2b3f51736f/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
❈❧❛ss✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♠❛♣♣✐♥❣ ❧✐♥❦s
❧✐♥❦❆ ❆❝❝♦✉♥t ❈❧✐❡♥t ♥✉♠❜❡r ♥❛♠❡ ♦✇♥s ♦✇♥❡r ♦✇♥❡❞▲✶ ①▲✷ ①▲✸ ①▲✹ ①▲✺ ①▲✻ ①▲✾ ①
❚❛❜❧❡✿ ❘❡❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♠❛♣♣✐♥❣ ❧✐♥❦s ✇✐t❤ ♠♦❞❡❧ s♦✉r❝❡ ❡❧❡♠❡♥ts
❧✐♥❦❇ ❆❝❝♦✉♥t ❈❧✐❡♥t ♥✉♠❜❡r ♥❛♠❡ ♦✇♥s ♦✇♥❡r ♦✇♥❡❞▲✶ ①▲✷ ①▲✸ ①▲✹ ①▲✺ ①▲✻ ①▲✾ ①
❚❛❜❧❡✿ ❘❡❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♠❛♣♣✐♥❣ ❧✐♥❦s ✇✐t❤ ♠♦❞❡❧ t❛r❣❡t ❡❧❡♠❡♥ts✳
✺✶▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
![Page 57: On some Complementary Trends in Model Transformation ...€¦ · Pairs with a similarity under a threshold are eliminated type 0.64 operations type 0.52 methods 0.11 0.11 type1.0](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071008/5fc67624b3deca2b3f51736f/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
▼❛♣♣✐♥❣s ❧❛tt✐❝❡
♠❛♣♣✐♥❣ ❧✐♥❦s ❧❛tt✐❝❡✺✷▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
![Page 58: On some Complementary Trends in Model Transformation ...€¦ · Pairs with a similarity under a threshold are eliminated type 0.64 operations type 0.52 methods 0.11 0.11 type1.0](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071008/5fc67624b3deca2b3f51736f/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
❘✉❧❡s ❡①tr❛❝t✐♦♥
c0
L7L8
c2
linkA:MEA.c0linkB:MEB.c0
c4
linkA:MEA.c3linkB:MEB.c2
L1L2
c5
linkA:MEA.c4linkB:MEB.c5
L5
c9
linkA:MEA.c8
c3
linkA:MEA.c2
c8
linkA:MEA.c7linkB:MEB.c4
c10
linkB:MEB.c3
L3L4
c6
linkA:MEA.c5
L6
c7
linkA:MEA.c6
L9
c1
void
RoleProperty
Association
Association
❈♦♥❝❡♣t ✽ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥
Property
Association
Attribute
Association
❈♦♥❝❡♣t ✶✵ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥
✺✸▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥
❚♦♦❧s
❊❝❧✐♣s❡ ▼♦❞❡❧✐♥❣ ❋r❛♠❡✇♦r❦ ✭❊▼❋✮
❧❛tt✐❝❡ ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥ ♣❧✉❣✐♥ ✿ ❡❘❈❆
t❡♠♣❧❛t❡ ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥ t♦♦❧ ✿ ❆❝❝❡❧❡♦
❞❡❝❧❛r❛t✐✈❡ ♠♦❞❡❧ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ✿ ❆❚▲
Target MM
Target
Mapping MM
Mapping
Tables Lattices
eRCA MM
Rules
Source
Rules MM
RCAGenerated code
Source MM
✺✹▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❚❤❡ r✉❧❡ ❧❛tt✐❝❡
rules_0
rules_1
rules_2
rules_3
rules_8
rules_4
Proper ty
ClassowningClass 1 -1
Associationassociation 1 -1
Role
Proper tyownedAtt r ibute 1 -1
Proper ty
ownedEnd 1 -1
Proper ty
memberEnd 1 -1
owningClass 1 -1type 1 -1
owningAssociation 1 -1
association 1 -1
association 1 -1
RelationShipRelationShip 1 -1
Enti tyrefersTo 1 -1
Cardinality
cardinality 1 -1
role 1 -1
role 1 -1Attr ibute
a t t r ibu te 1 -1
role 1 -1
ent i ty 1 -1
rules_12
Proper ty
Associationassociation 1 -1
Classtype 0 -1
Association
owningAssociation 0 -1
Role
memberEnd 1 -1
Proper ty
ownedEnd 1 -1
owningAssociation 1 -1
association 1 -1
Classtype 1 -1
Proper tyownedAtt r ibute 1 -1
owningClass 1 -1
RelationShip
RelationShip 1 -1
Enti tyrefersTo 1 -1
Cardinality
cardinality 1 -1
role 1 -1
role 1 -1Attr ibute
a t t r ibu te 1 -1
role 1 -1
ent i ty 1 -1
rules_5
rules_6
Proper ty
ClassowningClass 1 -1
Associationassociation 1 -1
Cardinality
Proper tyownedAtt r ibute 1 -1
Proper ty
ownedEnd 1 -1
Proper ty
memberEnd 1 -1
owningClass 1 -1type 1 -1
owningAssociation 1 -1
association 1 -1
association 1 -1
Rolerole 1 -1
cardinality 1 -1
RelationShipRelationShip 1 -1
Enti tyrefersTo 1 -1
role 1 -1
role 1 -1Attr ibute
a t t r ibu te 1 -1ent i ty 1 -1
rules_7
Proper ty
ClassowningClass 1 -1
Attr ibute
ownedAtt r ibute 1 -1
Enti tyent i ty 1 -1
a t t r ibu te 1 -1Role
role 1 -1
refersTo 1 -1
RelationShip
RelationShip 1 -1
Cardinality
cardinality 1 -1
role 1 -1
role 1 -1
rules_10
Proper ty
Classtype 1 -1
Association
owningAssociation 1 -1
association 1 -1
Role
Proper tyownedAtt r ibute 1 -1
ownedEnd 1 -1
Proper tymemberEnd 1 -1
owningClass 1 -1
association 1 -1
RelationShipRelationShip 1 -1
Enti ty
refersTo 1 -1
Cardinality
cardinality 1 -1
role 1 -1
role 1 -1 Attr ibutea t t r ibu te 1 -1
role 1 -1
ent i ty 1 -1
rules_11
Proper ty
Classtype 1 -1
Association
owningAssociation 1 -1
association 1 -1
Cardinality
Proper tyownedAtt r ibute 1 -1
ownedEnd 1 -1Proper ty
memberEnd 1 -1
owningClass 1 -1
association 1 -1
Rolerole 1 -1
cardinality 1 -1
RelationShip
RelationShip 1 -1
Enti ty
refersTo 1 -1
role 1 -1
role 1 -1 Attr ibutea t t r ibu te 1 -1
ent i ty 1 -1
rules_15
Class
Proper tyownedAtt r ibute 1 -1
Enti ty
owningClass 1 -1 Attr ibutea t t r ibu te 1 -1
Role
role 1 -1
ent i ty 1 -1
refersTo 1 -1
RelationShip
RelationShip 1 -1
Cardinality
cardinality 1 -1
role 1 -1
role 1 -1
rules_16
Association
Proper ty
ownedEnd 1 -1
Proper tymemberEnd 1 -1
RelationShip
owningAssociation 1 -1
association 1 -1
Classtype 1 -1
association 1 -1
Proper tyownedAtt r ibute 1 -1
owningClass 1 -1
Rolerole 1 -1
RelationShip 1 -1
Enti ty
refersTo 1 -1
Cardinality
cardinality 1 -1
role 1 -1Attr ibute
a t t r ibu te 1 -1
role 1 -1
ent i ty 1 -1
rules_13
Proper ty
Associationassociation 1 -1
Classtype 0 -1
Association
owningAssociation 0 -1
Cardinality
memberEnd 1 -1
Proper ty
ownedEnd 1 -1
owningAssociation 1 -1
association 1 -1
Classtype 1 -1
Proper ty
ownedAtt r ibute 1 -1
owningClass 1 -1
Rolerole 1 -1
cardinality 1 -1
RelationShipRelationShip 1 -1
Enti tyrefersTo 1 -1
role 1 -1
role 1 -1
Attr ibutea t t r ibu te 1 -1
ent i ty 1 -1
rules_9
rules_14
✺✺▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❚❤❡ r✉❧❡ Pr♦♣❡rt② ❆ttr✐❜✉t❡
✺✻▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❚❤❡ r✉❧❡ Pr♦♣❡rt② ❘♦❧❡
✺✼▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❱❛❧✐❞❛t✐♦♥ ✭✐♥ ♣r♦❣r❡ss✮
❚❛❜❧❡✿ ❉❛t❛ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❝❛s❡ st✉❞② ✭❆❚▲ ③♦♦✮
❋✷P ✶ ❇✷❉ ✷ ❈✷❘ ✸
❙♦✉r❝❡ ▼❡t❛▼♦❞❡❧ s✐③❡ ✹ ✷✶ ✺❚❛r❣❡t ▼❡t❛▼♦❞❡❧ s✐③❡ ✺ ✽ ✹❙♦✉r❝❡ ▼♦❞❡❧ s✐③❡ ✷✸ ✹✽ ✾❚❛r❣❡t ▼♦❞❡❧ s✐③❡ ✶✾ ✺✾ ✶✺▼❛♣♣✐♥❣ s✐③❡ ✷✽ ✶✶✺ ✶✽❆❚▲ tr❛♥s❢♦✳ ◆✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ r✉❧❡s ✷ ✾ ✻❆❚▲ tr❛♥s❢♦✳ ◆✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣❡rs ✷ ✹ ✶●❡♥❡r❛t❡❞ tr❛♥s❢♦✳ ◆✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ r✉❧❡s ✻ ✶✸ ✼●❡♥❡r❛t❡❞ t❛r❣❡t ♠♦❞❡❧ s✐③❡ ✷✶ ✺✹ ✶✻❇❛❞ ❣❡♥❡r❛t❡❞ ❡❧❡♠❡♥ts ✷ ✶✹ ✸▼✐ss✐♥❣ ❡❧❡♠❡♥ts ✐♥ ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥ ✵ ✶✾ ✷
✶ ✿ ❋❛♠✐❧②✷P❡rs♦♥ ✕ ✷ ✿ ❇✐❜❚❡①✷❉♦❝❇♦♦❦ ✕ ✸ ✿ ❈❧❛ss✷❘❡❧❛t✐♦♥
✺✽▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❖✉t❧✐♥❡
✶ ▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚●
✷ ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚●
✸ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚●
✹ ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
✺✾▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❘❡❧❛t❡❞ ✇♦r❦
▼▼✲❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚●
❆❞❛♣t❡❞ t♦ s✐♠✐❧❛r ♠❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧s
❖♥t♦❧♦❣②✲❜❛s❡❞✱ ♣✐✈♦t ♦♥t♦❧♦❣② ✭❘♦s❡r ❛t ❛❧✳✱ ❑❛♣♣❡❧ ❡t ❛❧✳✮
Pr♦♣❛❣❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡ ♣r♦❝❡ss ✭▲♦♣❡s ❡t ❛❧✳✮
▼✲❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ✭▼❚❇❊✮
❆❞❛♣t❡❞ ✇❤❡♥ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s ❛r❡ ❦♥♦✇♥
●✉✐❞✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✇❛② ❢r♦♠ ❝♦♥❝r❡t❡ t♦ ❛❜str❛❝t s②♥t❛① ✇✐t❤ ❖❈▲ r✉❧❡s✭❲✐♠♠❡r ❡t ❛❧✳✮✮
■♥❞✉❝t✐✈❡ ❧♦❣✐❝s ❜❛s❡❞ ✭❱❛rró ❡t ❛❧✳✮
❖♣t✐♠✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ✭❑❡ss❡♥t✐♥✐ ❡t ❛❧✳✮
✻✵▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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❆ r♦❛❞ ♠❛♣
❚❤❡ s♦❧✉t✐♦♥ ✴ ❛ ♠✐① ♦❢
❆❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t
▲❡❛r♥✐♥❣
❉♦♠❛✐♥ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✱ s❡♠❛♥t✐❝s
❖♣❡♥ q✉❡st✐♦♥s
■♠♣r♦✈❡ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s ❢♦r ♠❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧s ❛♥❞ ♠♦❞❡❧s
Pr♦♣♦s❡ ❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐✈❡ ❧❡❛r♥✐♥❣ s❝❤❡♠❡s
❈❧❛ss✐❢②✐♥❣ ▼❚ ✲ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③✐♥❣ s✉✐t❛❜❧❡ ▼❚● ♠❡t❤♦❞s
▼❡❛s✉r✐♥❣ r✉❧❡ ✐♥t❡r❡st✐♥❣♥❡ss ✭❡✳❣✳ s✉♣♣♦rt ❛♥❞ ❧✐❢t✮
Pr♦♣♦s❡ ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❣r❛t❡❞ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤
❈♦❧❧❛❜♦r❛t✐✈❡❧② ❜✉✐❧❞ ❛ ❜❡♥❝❤♠❛r❦
✻✶▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡
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▲✐♥❦s
●✉♠ ✭s✐♠✐❧❛r✐t② ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t✮ ✲❤tt♣ ✿✴✴❝♦❞❡✳❣♦♦❣❧❡✳❝♦♠✴♣✴❣✉♠♠✲♣r♦❥❡❝t
❡❘❈❆ ✲ ❤tt♣ ✿✴✴❝♦❞❡✳❣♦♦❣❧❡✳❝♦♠✴♣✴❡r❝❛
❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s
❏✳✲❘✳ ❋❛❧❧❡r✐✱ ▼✳ ❍✉❝❤❛r❞✱ ▼✳ ▲❛❢♦✉r❝❛❞❡✱ ❈✳ ◆❡❜✉t✳ ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧▼❛t❝❤✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❆✉t♦♠❛t✐❝ ▼♦❞❡❧ ❚r❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ●❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥ ▼♦❉❊▲❙❯▼▲ ❈♦♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡✱ ✷✵✵✽✱ ❚♦✉❧♦✉s❡✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✸✷✻✲✸✹✵✱ ✷✵✵✽
❳✳ ❉♦❧q✉❡s✱ ❆✳ ❉♦❣✉✐✱ ❏✳✲❘✳ ❋❛❧❧❡r✐✱ ▼✳ ❍✉❝❤❛r❞✱ ❈✳ ◆❡❜✉t✱ ❋✳P✜st❡r✳ ❊❛s✐♥❣ ▼♦❞❡❧ ❚r❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ▲❡❛r♥✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❆✉t♦♠❛t✐❝❛❧❧②❆❧✐❣♥❡❞ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡s ✭s✉❜♠✐tt❡❞ ✷✵✶✵✮
❳✳ ❉♦❧q✉❡s ▼✳ ❍✉❝❤❛r❞✱ ❈✳ ◆❡❜✉t✳ ❋r♦♠ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ tr❛❝❡s t♦tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ r✉❧❡s ✿ ❆ss✐st✐♥❣ ♠♦❞❡❧ ❞r✐✈❡♥ ❡♥❣✐♥❡❡r✐♥❣ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✇✐t❤ ❢♦r♠❛❧ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t ❛♥❛❧②s✐s✳ ■♥ ❙✉♣✳ Pr♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♦❢ ■❈❈❙✬✵✾✱▼♦s❝♦✉✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✶✺✲✷✾✱ ✷✵✵✾
✻✷▼❉❊✴▼❚✴▼❚● ▼❡t❛♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ▼❚● ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ▼❚● ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡