Download - Opening Question (9/29/10)
Opening Question (9/29/10)
Copy this KWL Chart and do the first 2 parts (we will do the last part as the end of day questions) about Ancient Egypt– Do it sideways in your notebook
What I KNOW What I WANT to know
What I LEARNED
**You have a quiz in 7 minutes**
Egypt
Three Kingdoms on
the Nile
Contents Geography Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom New Kingdom
Early Egypt and the Nile
Early Egypt Developed after Sumer Contact by sea Imitated Sumerian arch Soon developed own culture Social Classes form
– Rigid Class System• Upper Class includes royal family, nobility, priests and
government officials
• Lower classes included peasants, laborers and slaves
Geography Nile River
– floods annually, depositing silt
– flows south to north
– longest river in the world Nile Delta
– delta = triangular area of marshland formed by silt deposits
The Nile cont… Slow flowing Enclosed by desert
and rock valleys Delta opens into
Mediterranean Sea “Gift of the Nile”
– Seen as their lifeline
Three Kingdoms chart
Old Middle New
Time
Government
AchievementsDecline
First (Old) Kingdom Develops
Menes – 3100 BC–Unites Upper and Lower Egypt
–First Pharaoh (emperor)
Establishes first dynasty (ruling family)
Three Kingdoms - Time Old Kingdom
– 2700 – 2200 BCE Middle Kingdom
– 2050 – 1800 BCE New Kingdom
– 1550 – 1100 BCE
Old – Government strong central
authority/government pharaoh = ruler
– believed to be a god
– had absolute power vizier = chief minister
– supervised day-to-day business
– head of large bureaucracy
Old – Achievements Pyramids at Giza
– tombs for eternity
– pharaohs started building when they took the throne
Old Kingdom also called “Pyramid Age”
Pyramids at Giza
Old – Decline power struggles
–b/w pharaohs and nobility crop failures
–Hurt growth cost of the pyramids
–Drained Egyptian economy
Middle – Government Turbulent period
–Irregular flooding
– corruption and rebellions are common
– traded more with outside people from Middle East
Middle – AchievementsLarge drainage project creates new arable land
Army occupies Nubia to the south
Traders have more contact w/ other civilizations
Middle – Decline invaded by Hyksos– adopt chariots
from Hyksos
– Hyksos adopt Egyptian customs, beliefs, names
New – Government New leaders drive out Hyksos Strong pharaohs
– Hatshepsut = woman pharaoh who encouraged trade
– Amenhotep = tried to change Egypt to a monotheistic society
– Ramses II = most powerful, “Ramses the Great”, last great pharaoh to rule Egypt
New – Achievements Large empire
reaches Euphrates River
More contact w/ other civilizations
First known peace treaty w/ Hittites who were located in Mesopotamia
New – Decline Power declines after Ramses II Invaders conquer Nile region
–Assyrians and Persians from the Middle East and Nubians from the south
–By 300 BC Egypt will be ruled by other Empires for a long time
Overall Achievements in Egypt
Calendar– 365 days, 12 months with 30 days each, moth
is divided into 3 weeks that are each 10 days
Medicine– Treatments were often rational and appropriate
(not just magic, spells and hymns for cures)• Priests and magicians still used though
– Procedures for prognosis, diagnosis and simple surgeries
Egyptian Writing
Writing– Pictograms evolved into hieroglyphics
– Developed Papyrus to write on• Dried Leaf used – like paper but not as easy to make
– Only Scribes could read and write
Rosetta Stone (Made in 196 BC)– Tablet found by Napoleon’s soldiers in 1799
and was translated in 1822
– Had Greek, Demotic, and Hieroglyphics• Greek first translated then Demotic then Hieroglyphics
Inside the British Museum of history in London
Opening Question (10/1/10)
Egyptian Religion
Religion Guided every part of life
Polytheistic Ra / Amon-Ra = sun god
Horus = sky god
Horus carrying Ra
Religion continued Osiris – God of the
Nile, rebirth, underworld
Isis – Goddess of the dead, wife of Osiris
Afterlife Mummification and burial
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K5Bwkb_AJi0&feature=related
Canopic jars
Brain hook
Imsety
LiverHapi
Lungs
Duamutef
Stomach
Qebehsenuef
Intestines
Four sons of Horus
Sarcophagus and anthropoid coffin
funeral procession
Opening of the mouth ceremony
Okay, that’s it, have a good afterlife!
Weighing of the heart
Anubis Hoth Osiris
Amut