Design TechnologyComputer-Aided Design (CAD)
Refers to the use of computers to interactively design products and prepare engineering documentation
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Design TechnologyComputer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) Refers to the use of specialized computer
programs to direct and control manufacturing equipment
Design TechnologyBenefits of CAD and CAM
Product quality Shorter design time Production cost reductions Database availability New range of capabilities Reduces need for “similar” parts
Production Technology
Numerically controlled machines Numerical control Computer numerical control Direct numerical control
Process control Vision systems Robots Automated storage and retrieval systems Automated guided vehicles Flexible manufacturing systems Computer integrated manufacturing
Production TechnologyProcess Control - Operation Sensors, often analog devices, collect data Analog devices read data on some periodic basis, perhaps once
a minute or once a second Measurements are translated into digital signals, and
transmitted to a digital computer Computer programs read the file (the digital data) and analyze
the data Output may be a: message on printer or console, signal to a
motor to change a value setting, warning light or horn, process control chart, etc.
Machines that hold, move, or grasp items
Perform monotonous or dangerous tasks
Used when speed, accuracy, or strength are needed
© 1984-1994 T/Maker Co.
Production TechnologyRobots
Automated Storage and Retrieval System (ASRS)
Provide for automatic placement and withdrawal of parts and products into and from designated places in a warehouse.
Material handling machines
Used to move parts & equipment in manufacturing
May be used to deliver mail & meals in service facilities
© 1984-1994 T/Maker Co.
Production TechnologyAutomatic Guided Vehicles (AGV)
Using automated machines (DNC) & materials handling equipment together
Often connected to centralized computer
Also called automated work cell
Computer
Machine 1
Machine 2
Robotor AGV
Auto ToolChg.
Auto ToolChg.
Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS)
Production TechnologyFMS - Pros & Cons
Advantages Faster, lower-cost changes from one part to another Lower direct labor costs Reduced inventory Consistent, and perhaps better quality
Disadvantages Limited ability to adapt to product or product mix changes Requires substantial preplanning and capital
expenditures Technological problems of exact component positioning
and precise timing Tooling and fixture requirements
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Packaged business software systems that
allow companies to: Automate and integrate the majority of their
business processes Share common data and practices across the
entire enterprise Produce and access information in a real-time
environment
Advantages of ERP
Provides integration of supply-chain, production and administrative processes
Creates commonality of databases Can incorporate improved, redesigned, “best processes: Increases communication and collaboration worldwide Helps integrate multiple sites and business units Is packaged with a software core that is off-the-shelf
coding Can provide a strategic advantage over competitors
Disadvantages of ERP
Is very expensive to purchase, and even more costly to customize
Requires major changes in the company and its processes to implement
Is such a complex program that many companies cannot adjust to it
Involves an ongoing process for implementation, which is often never completed
Expertise in ERP is limited, with staffing an ongoing problem
Internet Uses
Supply Chain Management -- Business Networking Exchange of information
Purchasing Transactions Identifying vendors Qualifying vendors Order tracking Price negotiation Feedback