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Opto Electronics DevicesAnd Their ApplicationsIn Power Electronics
Presented by Khoi TranApplication Engineer
Fairchild Semiconductor
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Agenda
• What are Optocouplers ?• Where are they used ?• What are their Characteristics?
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What are Optocoupler?
• An optocoupler consists of a light source and a photosensitive detector
• The light source is an infrared LED that is used to convert current to light.
• The photosensitive detector is a silicon photodiode which converts the light back to current.
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The Phototransistor Optocoupler
• Elements• LED Source• Package• Phototransistor 3
5
6
7
8
2
4
1
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Co-planar Construction
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Double Molded Construction
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What are the KEY Characteristics ?
• Collector Base Current Transfer ratio• CTRcb = Icb/IF
• Transistor Current Gain• HFE = Ice / Icb
• Current Transfer Ratio - CTRce•CTRce = Ice/IF•CTRce = CTRcb * HFE
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Ice vs. IF
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CTRcb vs LED Current
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Saturated Ice vs LED Current
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Icb vs IF
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Non Saturated CTR vs LED Current
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Saturated CTR vs Collector Current
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Non Saturated CTR vs Collector Current
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HFE vs Base Current , Ib
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HFE vs Collector Current
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Turn-OFF Time
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Why are they Used?
• To Protects Against :– Electromagnetic Interference– High tension power lines– Noise conducted through the power
lines– Electrostatic Discharge, Lightning – Digital Data Crosstalk
• To Communicate Digital Data – Compatible with Logic Family or Load
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KEY Characteristics of the Isolator
• Electro-mechanical – Relay – Switch
• Electro-Optical– Optical Fiber– Emitter to Detector– Optocoupler
• Capacitive– Single ended– Differential
• Electro-Magnetic– Magneto resistive– Hall Effect– Transformer
Acoustic Surface wavesTransducer - Receiver
Radio FrequencyRemote controlMicrowave
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Optocouplers Solve the NOISE Problem
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“Systems” & “Approvals”
• Couplers must fulfill• Safety Standards:
• Fairchild Couplers are • classified in “Systems”. • A System represents the• same Technology, Material
e.t.c.• and is indicated with a Capital
• The System is the Indicator• for Approvals
Approvals forSafety Requirements:Double Protection &Reinforced Insulation
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Where are they used ?
• Applications
• Industrial Control
• Power Supply
• Telecommunications
• Instrumentation
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Insulation and Isolation in a Switch Mode
Power Supply
SwitchingControl Circuit
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Optical Coupled Precision Voltage
Reference
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Feedback Amplifier FOD2741 Composition
• The FOD2741/2 consists of adjustable precision zener diode and a phototransistor optocoupler. Typical
• Current gain , CTR, is 60% for an IF = 1mA, and Vce = 0.5V. • The device offers a 2.5V +- 1% bandgap reference, a 60dB (OLG)
1 MHz(BWP) differential amplifier
Vin
FOD2741
Comp
LED
Vref
Comp
Vin
Vref
Comp
Vin
DC Isolation Amplifier
Error Amplifier
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Feedback Amplifier Interconnection
• Values of resistors and capacitors are used in the demo board supporting the KA5M0365
FOD2741
R6 680 R3
470
R4
,3K
C2
,.1
uF
C1 .033uF
R2 3.3K
R5, 1K
R1,1K
4 uA 0.9 mA
2.5R
R
+
–Vfb
5V 12V0.5V
Voffset
2.5V
KA5M0365
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Industrial Control
InterfaceSensors
Temperature FlowLevel
Motion SystemsPumpsMixersValves
CommunicationsLocalRemote
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ApplicationsProcess Controller - Interfaces
• Interfaces– Data– Motion– Sensor– Valves &
Actuators
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Controller InputI / O
Interface Board
SignalConditioning
Multiplexer
Level DetectorLogic Interface
SignalConditioning
Isolation Barrier
1 - 4
5 - 8 Level DetectorLogic Interface
ILQ620
ILQ620
ToµController
SFH6700
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Process Control I/O: AC/DC Signal Measurement
• Parallel A / D
DataA / D
Converter
Control
16
Isolation
CNY17
ILQ621
ILQ621
Barrier
SignalConditioning
1
DC / DC Converter
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Process Control I/O: AC/DC Signal Measurement
• AC / DC Measurement Card
Signal Conditioning
Signal Conditioning
IsolationBarrier
DataOut
Control
DC/DCConverter
µController
SAB80C5XXSAB80C16X
Seria
l I/O
MU
X A
/D
Converte
rSFH6700
SFH6700
1
16
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ApplicationsIndustrial Data
Communications• Isolate and •
Communicate– Device Net– CAN BUS– PROFI BUS– Genius Bus– Fieldbus– Modbus– 10Base-T– RS - 232– RS - 422– RS - 485
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ApplicationMotion Control
Motor ControlHigh Speed CouplersTRIAC Drivers
Sensor FeedbackHigh Speed Couplers
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Process Controller - Outputs
Boards or Module
Loads
LogicSFH67XX
Analog 4-20 mA
High Power DCSFH6345
TRIAC
AC Switch—SSR
IL410
MOSFET BUZ XX
AC / DC Switch
IL300
Con
troll
er
LH1485
IGBT—BUP XX
Motors, relays, solenoids
Large motors
Digital interfaces
Sensor feedback
Motors, relays,solenoids, lamps, heaters
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Can I determine the Switching
Characteristics of a Phototransistor ?
• YES…– By using a SPICE Simulation
– By Modeling the LED to Phototransistor• GAIN & Timing performance
– By Modeling the Transistor Gain • and Its Charge Storage Characteristics
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Phototransistor SPICE Model
D1 LED
VM
Current to Voltage Converter
6
2
Collector
Voltage to Current Converter
5Base
1
4Emitter
C1,200pF
R1, 250ž
H1G1
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MOC207 PhototransistorSPICE Model
• .SUBCKT OPMOC207 1 2 5 6 7
• *ANODE INPUT=1, CATHODE = 2; EMITTER OUTPUT=5
• +;COLLECTOR OUTPUT=6; base input=6• VM 1 12 DC 0• D1 12 2 LED• R1 10 11 250• C1 11 0 200PF• H1 10 0 VM 2.7E-3• G1 5 7 11 0 1.0• Q1 6 7 5 QNPN• .MODEL LED D(IS=25E-13 RS=.55 CJO=35P
N=2.0)• .MODEL QNPN NPN(IS=3.33E-11 NF=1.35 CJC=12P
CJE=35P TF=1.0N • + TR=500N BF=778 BR=10 IKF=.1 VAF=100)• .ENDS OPMOC207
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MOC207 PhototransistorSPICE Program
• X1 1 0 0 3 9 OPMOC207• IIN 0 1 DC .001 AC .1 PULSE 0
• +10E-3 100NS 100NS 100NS 10US 40US• RL 7 3 1000• VCC 7 0 5• RB 9 0 100e3
• .DC IIN 0 .01 .0005• .PLOT DC V(3) I(VCC)• .PRINT DC V(3) V(1) I(VCC)• .TRAN 25NS 40US• .PRINT TRAN V(3) I(IIN)• .PLOT TRAN V(3) I(IIN)• .OP• .END
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MOC207 Phototransistor Interface Schematic
CTRcb = 0.0027 HFE = 788
Rb, 100K
RL,1K
R2
GND1
Output3
5
6
7
8MOC207
2
4
1
Vcc
GND2
I(IIN)