Download - Orbital Characteristics of Extra-Solar Planets

T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets

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Discovery of new binaries (and brown dwarfs and massive

planets )

with the relativistic beaming effect

The difference from our own Solar system


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• Giant planets far away (>5 AU)

• Circular orbits

• Planetary orbits aligned with the Solar spin (Obliquity < 7 deg)

In the solar system:


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The main paradigm for planetary formation:

Accretion disc


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51 PegMayor & Queloz 1995

daysP

MiSinM

001.0229.4

05.047.0)(

JupPlanet

The new era: Precision ~10 m/s


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Earth

Jupiter

Neptune

RV


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Planets discovered by RV

Mass distribution


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• Giant planets far away

• Circular orbits

• Orbits aligned with Solar spin

Planets discovered by RV

Period distribution

Close-in giant planets


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Migration


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HD80606(Naef et al. 2001)e=0.93P=112 daysmsini=4MJup


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• Circular orbits



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Transits

The inclination (i) must be very close to 90°P

R R

atransitp


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The first known observation of a transit of Venus was made by Jeremiah Horrocks from his home at Carr House in Much Hoole, near Preston in England, on 4 December 1639 (24 November under the Julian calendar then in use in England). His friend, William Crabtree, also observed this transit from Broughton, near Manchester.

Transit of Venus

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Horrocks

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Horrocks

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carr_House

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Much_Hoole

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Much_Hoole

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preston,_Lancashire

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_calendar

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Crabtree

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broughton,_Greater_Manchester

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester


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HD 209458Mazeh et al., 2000

daysP

MiSinM

orbit 524.3

68.0)(

JupPlanet


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HD 209458

Phase consistent with the radial velocities

Charbonneau, Brown, Latham & Mayor 2000

Henry, Marcy, Butler & Vogt 2000

Depth: ~1.5%

Duration: ~2.5 hours


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HD209458Brown, Charbonneau, Gilliland, Noyes & Burrows, 2001,

1.07.86

06.035.1

i

RR JupPlanet

3cm g 35.0

HST photometry


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HAT-P-2 May 2007


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Orbit of planet

Transiting planets

Stellar Spin-Planetary orbit relative inclination

(obliquity)


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Orbit of planet

Spin-orbit relative inclination

Stellar Spin-Planetary orbit relative inclination

(obliquity)


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The Rossiter-McLaughlin effect

Gaudi & Winn 2007:

rotationplanet VR

rV *,

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**


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Obliquity of extrasolar planets

Winn, Fabrycky, Albrecht, Johnson, 2010:


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Winn et al. 2009

HAT-P-7

deg4.95.182


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• Circular orbits



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Migration

Migration ?Highly eccentric orbits

&

Spin-orbit MISalignment


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Migration ?

Highly eccentric orbits

&

Spin-orbit MISalignment

Planet-planet interactione.g., Juric & Tremaine 2008

• Stars around the center of our galaxy

• Oort cloud


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A French CNES mission with European partners & Brazil 27cm telescope with polar orbit Launched on 12 / 27 / 2006

The CoRoT mission


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First detected by alarm mode 153 transits,

all ~ seen when superimposed

Short period : P= 0.8536 days

>> transit depth : F/F = 0.035%=350 ppm compatible with Rpl = 1.8R

CoRoT-7b: first super –earth transiting planet

earthMM 5

d=150pc


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CoRoT-7b Synchronization


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The Kepler mission

A NASA mission 95 cm telescope with earth-trailing orbit Launched on 07 / 03 / 2009

~170,000 stars monitored for (3.5) 7 yrs


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Period Mass

(days) (Earth mass)

10.3 4.3 b

13.0 13.5 c

22.7 6.1 d

40.0 8.4 e

46.7 2.3 f

118.4 3 g

Kepler-11


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Observations of Kepler-34

Welsh et al., Nature 481, 475 (26 January 2012)

P=27.7958103+/-0.000001 d


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Observations of Kepler-34.



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Observations of Kepler-34.


P=27.7958103+/-0.000001 d

Circumbinary planet


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Kepler-47


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Kepler-47


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Kepler-47


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Kepler-47


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• Circular orbits

• Planetary orbits aligned with the Solar spin (Obliquity ~ 7 deg)

In the solar system:

One central star


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Grether & Lineweaver 2006

The Brown-Dwarf Desert

in CoRoT and Kepler Lightcurves

Tsevi Mazeh & Simchon FaiglerTel Aviv University

BEaming, Ellipsoidal & Reflection effects

BEER algorithm to discover short-period binaries


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Leob & Gaudi 2003


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Beaming effect in binaries

c

V

F

F r4


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Heating (and reflection) effect


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Ellipsoidal effect


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S. Faigler, T. Mazeh, S. Quinn, D. Latham, L. Tal-Or


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Grether & Lineweaver 2006

~150,000 Kepler stars

~150,000 CoRoT stars

the desert will become a pool of water, and the dry land springs of water.

we will make the Brown dwarf desert a pool of BEER..……

Brown Dwarf Desert


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Thank you

Download - Orbital Characteristics of Extra-Solar Planets

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