• Organizations– Leaders– Followers– Ends or Goals-– Means or Strategies-

• WHY BE GOOD?– What is a good leader?– What is a good follower?– What is a good end?– What is a “good means”

• Ethics and Organizations: Two Traditions – Idealism: Knowledge-Based

• (Plato, Aristotle, Judeo-Christian, Kant) – Realism: Power-Based

• (Sun Tsu, Thrasymachus, Hobbes, Machiavelli)

• Plato– Socrates v. Thrasymachus– Gyges Ring– “The Republic”

• Virtues: Temperance, Honor, Wisdom, Justice• Judeo-Christian

– Divine Command• Kantianism

– The Categorical Imperative• Common Features of Idealism

– Knowledge-Based– Descriptions and Prescriptions Deducted from Abstract Principles– Virtue-Based and Deontological Systems– Methodological Pluralism “Is” and “Ought”

• an optimistic assessment of human nature (Cooperation, Rationality and Free Will)

– Infinite Malleability of Organizations (Nurture Trumps Nature)• Malleability of Leaders and Followers

• Sun Tsu, The Art of War (6th century B.C.)• Thrasymachus• Machiavelli

– The Prince – (1517)– The Art of War– Philosophy (Utilitarianism)

• Human Nature• The State• Leadership and efficiency

• Thomas Hobbes– Leviathan (1651)– Reason v. Revelation– Politics as War– Social Contract

• Rights-Based Leadership– Leadership-Absolutism

• Common Features– Power-Based (Knowledge/Power)– Skills (Virtu) vs.Knowledge– Inductive-Trial and error