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Cultural Effects on the Health Benefits of
Personal Disclosure
Jessica WearingMentor: Dr. Eric Knowles
University of California, Irvine
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OutlineBackground: The Benefits of Personal
DisclosureBackground: Disclosure Theories and
Relevant Cultural ComparisonsStudy Question and HypothesisMethodsFindingsConclusions
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Background: The Benefits of Personal Disclosure
1. What is personal disclosure?
2. What are the benefits associated with personal disclosure?
3. Are the benefits the same across cultures?
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Background: Disclosure Theories and Relevant Cultural
Comparisons Disclosure Theories
Social Integration Theory Cognitive Processing Theory Disinhibition Theory Self-regulation Theory Exposure Theory
Cultural differences in the demands of speech Cultural differences in social support seeking
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Study Question and Hypothesis
Question: Are the health benefits observed in relation to personal disclosure a function of basic human nature, or are they culturally bound?
Hypothesis: As a group, East Asians will be less likely to benefit from personal disclosure than their Western counterparts.
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MethodsBaseline Observation
SMU Health QuestionnairePittsburg Sleep Quality IndexDepression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS
21)Demographics Asian Identity Scale
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Methods: Writing PromptsExperimental ConditionFor the next 20 minutes, I would like for you to write
about your very deepest thoughts and feelings about the most traumatic experience of your entire life . . .
Control ConditionFor the next 20 minutes, please write about your day so
far. Focus on topics such as the weather, your routine, and minor happenings. Try to avoid emotional commentary.
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MethodsFollow-Up Observation
SMU Health QuestionnairePittsburg Sleep Quality IndexDepression Anxiety and Stress Scale
(DASS 21)
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Demographics
44%49%
7%
AsianCaucasianHispanic
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Findings: LIWC Analysis by Condition
0
1
2
3
4
5
Negative Emotion Insight
Category
% of words in category
TrivialTraumatic
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Findings: Effect of Condition on Follow-up Data
marginally significant effectp=.06
00.5
11.5
22.5
33.5
44.5
5
Experimental Control
# ofsymptomsreported atfollow-up
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Findings: Cultural Differences in the # of Follow-up Symptoms
0
1
2
3
4
5
6#
of
sym
ptom
s at
fol
low
-up
Caucasian Non-Westernized
Asian
WesternizedAsian
ControlExperimental
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ConclusionsDue to the insufficient sample size,
firm conclusions cannot be reached, however, there is sufficient evidence to question the cultural universality of disclosure benefits.
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Thank You!Dr. KnowlesDr. FrattaroliDr. JennessSE Honors Classmates