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Outlook for theOutlook for theInternational PVC MarketInternational PVC Market
June 2005
Stephen Harriman – Harriman Chemsult
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• China• In Summary
• The PVC market
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
AsiaNorth AmericaWest EuropeOthers
PVC production by region, 1995-2005PVC production by region, 1995-2005
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World PVC balance, 1990-2004World PVC balance, 1990-2004
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
200
4
CapacityProductionApparent Consumption
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Regional PVC PricesRegional PVC Prices
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Asia Spot $/mt cif
West Europe, Domestic Market, Pipe (Competitive Converters) €/mt fd
USA, Domestic Market, Pipe (Competitive Converters) $/mt
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North American vinyl sector integrationNorth American vinyl sector integration
OxyVinyl
Georgia-Gulf
Chlorine EDC VCM S-PVC Finished products
FPC
Westlake
Royal Group
Certainteed
ShinTech
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European vinyl sector integrationEuropean vinyl sector integration
Cires
Hellenic
ShinEtsu
Vinnolit
Vestolit
Norsk
SolVin
LVM
EVC
Arkema
Aiscondel
Chlorine EDC VCM PVC Finished products
Oltchim
Borsodchem
Anwil
Spolana
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• China
• The PVC market
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Outside investment in Chinese PVCOutside investment in Chinese PVC
Japan: Tosoh South Korea: LG Taiwan: FPC USA: Westlake
Japan: ShinEtsu South Korea: HanWha USA: Georgia Gulf USA: OxyVinyl
YES NO
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Chinese PVC output in a global contextChinese PVC output in a global context
14.2 18.6
4.5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
200
4
200
5
China
ROW
% China
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Chinese PVC balanceChinese PVC balance
-8000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
80001
990
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
200
4
200
5
Apparent ConsumptionExportsImportsProduction
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The importance of imports in ChinaThe importance of imports in China
50.1
4.2
36.5
26.1
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
90001
990
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
200
4
200
5
Pro
duct
ion/
Imp
ort
s (0
00m
t)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
% Im
po
rted
ImportsProduction% Imports
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Implications of Chinese PVC self-sufficiencyImplications of Chinese PVC self-sufficiency There are two implications: a) increasing availability of
Chinese exports and b) more importantly, a dislocation effect for existing suppliers.
Until recently the prospect of Chinese PVC exports of consequence was not an issue.
The drop in domestic prices in China, however, has prompted some coastal producers to export material.
The small scale of this trade means that this is currently more of a psychological, rather than volume, issue, but it does illustrate the change in the complexion of the Chinese PVC balance.
There will be an intermediate phase where PVC flows both in and out of China, but over the longer term there is the spectre of Chinese exports occurring on a more structured basis.
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Implications of Chinese PVC self-sufficiencyImplications of Chinese PVC self-sufficiency Changes in the pattern of PVC trade into China have the
potential to cause a ripple effect around the world. Possible scenarios include:
Increased Asian exports to the west coast of the USA Increased Asian exports to India and the Middle East A subsequent dislocation impact of material from these
areas potentially affecting Europe. In terms of dislocation, the major victims will be countries like
South Korea, Taiwan and Japan. The perception of acetylene-based PVC is also changing.
Although certain producers manufacture questionable quality material, the newer plants are able to offer a credible export alternative to ethylene based PVC.
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Asia78%
Others22%
Other Asia 3%
Thailand 7%
Indonesia 4%
Japan 24%
Taiwan 29%
South Korea 11%
Sources of Chinese PVC imports 2003Sources of Chinese PVC imports 2003
Europe 10% (largely Russia)North America 9% (mostly USA)Others 3%
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Importance of China as a PVC destinationImportance of China as a PVC destination
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%U
SA
Ind
on
esia
Th
aila
nd
Ma
lays
ia
So
uth
Ko
rea
Jap
an
Ta
iwa
n
% ROW% China
551
470213
1235
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Importance of China in World PVC tradeImportance of China in World PVC trade
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
8000000
9000000
10000000
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
Imp
ort
s (m
t)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
% C
hina
World ImportsChina Imports% China
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Chinese PVC capacityChinese PVC capacity One of the misinterpretations of the development of the
Chinese industry has been the belief that the acetylene route is a) an old technology and b) that is places limitations on plant capacity.
Both these myths have been dispelled. The majority of new expansions in China are acetylene-based and the size of new acetylene plants is now well into the 200-300,000mt/year scale.
The Western model of integrated cracker-vinyl plants has not really evolved in China because of the success of the acetylene route and the reluctance of olefin producers to get involved with chlor-alkali.
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Average PVC plant size by region 2005Average PVC plant size by region 2005347
149117
101
0
100
200
300
400
No
rth
Am
eri
ca
We
ste
rnE
uro
pe
Mid
dle
Ea
st
Lat
inA
me
rica
Oce
ania
Wo
rld
Ea
ste
rnE
uro
pe
Asi
a
Afr
ica
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Average Asian PVC plant size 2005Average Asian PVC plant size 2005
117
160
97
327
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Asia AsiaExcl. China
China Japan India Taiwan SouthKorea
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Chinese limiting factorsChinese limiting factors The development of the vinyl industry in China is not without
its growing pains. These can be summarised: Economy – outside of the coastal regions, China is
fundamentally a rural economy. Logistics – there is a problem in China, with a domino-effect
of getting product out of the market: this has underpinned the development of the acetylene route as you also can’t move ethylene/EDC/VCM any distance in inland China.
Caustic soda – logistics also affects the movement of caustic soda, which is largely sold as a 50% solution. This can inhibit operating rates at chlor-alkali plants.
Raw material shortages – power, salt and ethylene
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Regional production costsRegional production costs
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
MiddleEast
Brazil WesternEurope
China Japan USA
1999 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
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Regional power cost range 2005Regional power cost range 2005
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
MiddleEast
Brazil WesternEurope
China Japan USA
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Chinese salt trade balanceChinese salt trade balance
-2500
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2001 2002 2003 2004
ExportsImportsNet trade
+911
-1345
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50%OTHERSETHYLENE
50%
ChinaEthylene – 26%
IndiaSouth Korea
IndonesiaPhilippines
ThailandJapanVietnam
ChinaUnspecified
26%
ChinaAcetylene
24%
China VCM Imp. 9%
China Mer. Ethylene 2%
New Asian PVC projects by feedstock typeNew Asian PVC projects by feedstock type
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Chinese capacity by location and regionChinese capacity by location and region
AcetyleneEthyleneMerchant ethyleneImported EDCImported VCM
ALL CHINAEAST
NORTH
NORTHEAST
WEST28%
24%
SOUTH6%
37%
6%
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Future capacity in China by typeFuture capacity in China by type
Ethylene29%
Acetylene28%
Unspecified30%
Imported VCM10%
Merchant ethylene
3%
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Acetylene-based PVC economicsAcetylene-based PVC economics
Cost of PVC from carbide:
RMB 5695/mtTotal cost of PVC
RMB 300/mtConversion cost
RMB 4945/mtVCM costPVC cost:
RMB 4846/mtTotal cost of VCM
RMB 250/mtConversion cost
RMB 1289/mtHydrogen chloride cost
RMB 2857/mtAcetylene costVCM cost:
RMB 6319/mtTotal cost of acetylene
RMB 250/mtConversion cost
RMB 5619/mtAcetylene raw materials
RMB 2100/mtCalcium carbide priceAcetylene cost:
Full cash cost ex-works RMB 5695/mt (US$688/mt)
Harriman Chemsult estimates
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• China• In Summary
• The PVC market
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In summaryIn summary North America – the major event is the potential
commissioning of the Shintech unit and dislocation to the market of the introduction of new major capacity.
Europe – the ongoing absence of investment owing to poor margins and so a continuation of the relative balance across the region. There are longer term prospects for investment in Russia.
Middle East – the fundamental problem of cheap feedstock versus limited domestic demand, with a continuation of the model of exporting ECUs (caustic soda & EDC/VCM).
Africa – the absence of any investment. Latin America – a growing caustic soda deficit stimulating
demand for new vinyl capacity. Asia – the potential inability of China to absorb increases in
supply. The prospects for a dislocation to existing exporters to China and the possibility of Chinese exports of PVC.
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New PVC capacity, 2005-10New PVC capacity, 2005-10
China73%
India5%
Other Asia3%
Asia81%
Others19%
Middle East 6%Europe 7%Others 6%
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PVC capacity by regionPVC capacity by region
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Asia Europe North America Middle East Others
200120052010
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When Chinasneezes…
…the Worldcatches a cold
In summary…