Download - Packed Columns 110-126
Packed Columns
Tanveer Ahmad(M07-110)
Fahad Ali Rabbani(M07-126)
Packed Column
It is Used to bring two phases in contact with one another, as a consequence a strong interaction occurs between the fluids
Packed columns are filled hollow packing elements
Fluid flow through packed column is at high Reynolds number.
Packed Column Vs Plate column
Contact patternDiameterPressure dropLiquid hold upSize and cost
Schematic Diagram of Packed Column
Liquid Distributor Hold-down plate Packing Packing Support Gas injection system
Material of Construction of Column
• The shell of the column may be constructed from:
Ceramics Glass plastics material Metal with a corrosion-resistant lining
• Note: Column should be mounted truly vertically
Types of Liquid Distributors
• Simple Orifice type Distributor
Gives very fine distribution
It must be correctly sized for a particular duty
Should not be used where there is any risk of the holes plugging
Types of Liquid Distributors
• Notched Chimney type Distributor
It has a good range of flexibility for the medium and upper flow rates
It is not prone to blockage
Types of Liquid Distributors
• Notched Trough Distributor
It is suitable for the larger sizes of tower
It is also suitable for the higher gas rates
Types of Liquid Distributors
• Perforated Ring Type Distributor
It is used where: High gas rates and
relatively small liquid rates are encountered
pressure loss must be minimum
Installation through manholes is necessary
Pressure Drop
• Increase in Gas and Liquid flow rate increases the pressure drop.
• “X” is loading point.
• “Y” is flooding point.
Characteristics of Packing
• The Principal Requirement of a Tower packing are:
Chemically inert Strong Cause less liquid hold up or pressure drop Provide good contact between the phases Reasonable in cost Corrosion resistant Non porous Easy to wet Easy to fabricate
Fahad Ali Rabbani
M07-126
Types of Packing
• Packings can be divided into four main classes
Broken solidsShaped packingGridsStructured packing
Broken Solids
Cheapest formused in sizes from about 10 mm to100 mmform a good corrosion-resistant materialthey are not as satisfactory as shaped
packings
Shaped Packing
• In case of Shaped Packings:
Channelling is much less marked Resistance to flow is much less Effective surface per unit volume is more Film flow is much improved compared with
broken solids. The voidage obtainable with these packings
varies from about 0.45 to 0.95. But shaped packings are more expensive,
particularly when small sizes are used
Grid Packing
• Grid packings are:
relatively easy to fabricate usually used in columns of square section frequently used in cooling towers made from wood, plastics, carbon, or ceramic
materials give low pressure drops ability to accept fluids with suspended solids ease of wetting even at very low liquid rates
Shaped Packings
Structured Packings
Common Packings
• Berl Saddle• Intalox Saddle• Raschig rings• Lessing rings• Pall rings • Nutter rings • Intalox • Intalox metal saddles • Hy-Pak • Mini rings
Packings used in Laboratory
1. Dixon packings (Lessing rings) 2. fine wire mesh packing
Properties:
• In case of these packings: • interfacial areas are high• transfer characteristics are very good even at low liquid
rates• the volume of liquid hold up in such a packing is low • pressure drop is also low
Effects of Packings on Tower Design
• The size of packing used influences:
height of column diameter of column pressure drop cost of packing mass transfer efficiency
Wetting
• Complete wetting is needed
• Wetting rate is given by
Lw = volume liquid rate per unit cross-sectional area of column
Packing surface area per unit volume of column
Design Consideration
1. Entering gas or liquid flow rate, composition
2. Desired degree of recovery of one or more solutes
3. Choice of solvent
4. Operating pressure and temperature, and allowable gas pressure drop
5. Minimum solvent (stripping agent) flow rate and actual absorbent (stripping agent) flow rate
6. No. of equilibrium stages
7. Heat effects and need for cooling or heating
8. Type of packing and its size
9. Height of column
10. Diameter of column
General Applications
• Absorption
• Distillation
• Liquid-liquid Extraction