Packet and Circuit Convergence with OpenFlow
Stanford Clean Slate Programhttp://cleanslate.stanford.edu
Funded by Cisco, Deutsche Telekom, DoCoMo, Ericsson, Google, LightSpeed, MDV, NEC, NSF, Xilinx
Guru [email protected]
with Saurav Das (Stanford), Nick McKeown (Stanford), Preeti Singh (Ciena), Dan Getachew (Ciena), Lyndon Ong (Ciena)
Outline
• OpenFlow/Software Defined Networking
• Unifying packet and circuit networks
• Why providers like it
Internet has many problems
Plenty of evidence and documentation
Internet’s “root cause problem”
It is Closed for Innovations
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Million of linesof source code
5400 RFCs
500M gates10Gbytes RAM
Bloated Power Hungry
Many complex functions baked into the infrastructureOSPF, BGP, multicast, differentiated services,Traffic Engineering, NAT, firewalls, MPLS, redundant layers, …
An industry with a “mainframe-mentality”
We lost our way
Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware
OperatingSystem
App App App
Routing, management, mobility management, access control, VPNs, …
4
5
Controller
OpenFlow Switch
FlowTableFlowTable
SecureChannelSecure
Channel
PC
OpenFlow
Protocol
SSL
hw
sw
OpenFlow: Enable Innovations “within” the Infrastructure
• Add/delete flow entries• Encapsulated packets• Controller discovery
API
Net Services
OpenFlow Protocol
C C C
FLOWVISOR
OpenFlow Protocol
Research Team A Controller
Research Team B Controller
Production Net Controller
IsolatedNetwork
Slices
Physical InfrastructurePacket&Circuit
Switches: wired, wireless, optical media
Sliced and Virtualized OpenFlow Infrastructure
Control Plane API
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Control Plane API
Example Network Services• Static “VLANs”• New routing protocol: unicast, multicast,
multipath, load-balancing• Network access control• Mobile VM management • Mobility and handoff management • Energy management • Packet processor (in controller)• IPvX• Network measurement and visualization• …
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OpenFlow Enabled Switches/Routers/APs
Cisco Catalyst 6k
NEC IP8800
HP Procurve 5400
Juniper MX-series WiMax (NEC) WiFi
Quanta LB4G More to follow...
Cisco Catalyst 3750 (2010)
Arista 7100 series (2010) 8
Ciena CoreDirector
OpenFlow as GENI Networking Substrate
A nationwide network before end of 2010
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European Deployment
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L2 Packet Wireless Routing
Pan-European experimental facility
L2 Packet Optics Content delivery
L2 Packet Shadow networks
L2 L3Packet Optics Content delivery
L2 Packet Emulation Wireless Content
delivery
OpenFlow: A Hack to Experiment?
Is there a bigger architecture story with business implications?
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12
Controller
OpenFlow Switch
FlowTableFlowTable
SecureChannelSecure
Channel
PC
OpenFlow
Protocol
SSL
hw
sw
OpenFlow: Enable Innovations “within” the Infrastructure
• Add/delete flow entries• Encapsulated packets• Controller discovery
API
Net Services
App
Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware
Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware
Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware
App App
Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Simple Packet
Forwarding Hardware
Network Operating System
1. Open interface to hardware
3. Well-defined open API2. At least one good operating system
Extensible, possibly open-source
Architecturally what It Means
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Packet and Circuit Convergence with OpenFlow
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DDC
DDC
DDC
DDC
IP/MPLSIP/MPLS IP/MPLS
IP/MPLS
IP/MPLSIP/MPLS
IP/MPLSIP/MPLS
CDD
CDD
CDD
DD
DD
DD
DD
C C
DD
DD
GMPLS
Motivation
• are separate networks managed and operated independently
• resulting in duplication of functions and resources in multiple layers
• and significant capex and opex burdens
… well known
IP & Transport Networks (Carrier’s view)
Convergence is hard
… Two networks have very different architectures
… previous attempts assumed networks remain the same
We believe true convergence will come about from architectural change!
FlowNetwork
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
DDDD
DD
UCP
… that switch at different granularities: packet, time-slot, lambda & fiber
Simple,network of Flow Switches
Research Goal: Packet and Circuit Flows Commonly Controlled & Managed
Software Defined Networking
Signal Type
Signal Type
OpenFlow & Circuit Switches
Exploit the cross-connect table in circuit switches
PacketFlowsSwitchPort
MACsrc
MACdst
Ethtype
VLANID
IPSrc
IPDst
IPProt
TCPsport
TCPdport
Action
Circuit Flows
VCG VCG
The Flow Abstraction presents a unifying abstraction
… blurring distinction between underlying packet and circuit and regarding both as flows in a flow-switched network
IN OUT
GE ports
TDM ports
Packet
Switch Fabric
Packet
Switch Fabric
OpenFlow(software)OpenFlow(software)
R A S R A S
IP 11.12.0.0 + VLAN2, P1 VLAN2 VCG 3
OpenFlow(software)OpenFlow(software)
VLAN1025 + VLAN2, P2
VLAN7 VCG5
Packet Switch FabricPacket Switch Fabric
IP11.13.0.0TCP80
+ VLAN7, P2
TDM
CircuitSwitch Fabric
VCG5
VCG3
VCG3 P1 VC4 1 P2 VC4 4 P1 VC4 10
VCG5 P3 STS192 1
OpenFlow Example
Congestion ControlQoS
Converged packets & dynamic circuits
opens up new capabilities
NetworkRecovery
Traffic Engineering
PowerMgmt
VPNsDiscovery
Routing
Congestion Control
Congestion Control
Example Application
..via Variable Bandwidth Packet Links
OpenFlow Demo at SC09
Demo Videohttp://www.openflowswitch.org/wk/index.php/PAC.C
Why providers want it
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New Generation Providers Already Buy into It
In a nutshell– Driven by cost and control– Started in data centers….
What New Generation Providers have been Doing Within the Datacenters
• Buy bare metal switches • Write their own control/management
applications on a common platform25
Example: New Data Center
Cost200,000 serversFanout of 20 10,000 switches$5k commercial switch $50M$1k custom-built switch $10M
Savings in 10 data centers = $400M
Control
1.Optimize for features needed2.Customize for services & apps3.Quickly improve and innovate
26The value prop applies to enterprise and service provider networks
Going Forward
• They want to apply this approach to other parts of their infrastructure
• Work together to bring this change at a bigger scale
Another way to look at it …
App
Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware
Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware
Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware
App App
Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Simple Packet
Forwarding Hardware
Network Operating System
1. Open interface to hardware
3. Well-defined open API2. At least one good operating system
Extensible, possibly open-source
“Meeting of Minds” with Providers
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Consequences
• More innovation in network services
– Owners, operators, 3rd party developers, researchers can improve the network
– E.g. energy management, data center management, policy routing, access control, denial of service, mobility
• Lower barrier to entry for competition
– Healthier market place with reducing Capex&OpEx
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Ecosystem Coming TogetherRole for Everyone to Contribute
• Researchers and R&E Networks
• Providers: old and new– Google, Amazon, Yahoo!, (Microsoft, Facebook),
– DT, DoCoMo, BT (Level3, Verizon, …)
• Box vendors– Enterprise and backbone
– Packet and circuit (electronic and photonics)
– Incumbents and startups
• Chip vendors– Broadcom, Dune, Marvell, ….
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The Value Chain
OpenFlow As Networking Substrate
• A platform for innovations
– Within enterprise, backbone, & data center networks
• Providers already buy into this vision
– For their own reasons
• Opportunities
– Eco system is coming together
– Time to engage 31
Thank You!!
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